13. Nycrinomus. 421 c”. Ears conjoined at the bases of their inner margins.
a. Fur unicoloured; wings from the [p. 425. lower end of the tibie; forearm 1'"95 5. NV. plicatus, 8. Fur greyish on the surface; wings from the middle of the tibie ; fore- [p. 426. BPMN Om ee ne sales era aie en eres 6. N. bivittatus, d"', Ears conjoined by a deep band in front. a, The first upper premolar stands in the tooth-row.
a’. Lower third of the ear-keel much thickened and flattened externally; [p. 426. forearm 1-85 .......... 0000 7. N. brachypterus, B'. Lower third of the ear-keel slightly thickened, not flattened externally. a. Fur of the chest and abdomen [p. 427. uniform in colour; forearm 15 8. N. pumilus, 8B". Fur of the lower halt of the chest and the abdomen white ; [p. 428. forearm 1'5.......... eee eee 9. N. limbatus, 8. The first upper premolar external to the tooth-row.
y’. Lower third of the ear-keel slightly thickened, not flattened externally. [p. 429. y'. Tragus quadrate; forearm 1'"85 10. N. angolensis, 6’. Lower third of the ear-keel much thickened and flattened externally. 6". Tragus narrow, much longer than broad, rounded off above; fore- [p. 430. AMM DA, Gy ew leaie oacatwies ees 11. NW. miarensis, «". Tragus quadrate ; forearm 1""8., 12. N. mops, p. 431. e’”. Ears conjoined by a very deep band anteriorly, and, posteriorly, by a second [p. 432. low band ; forearm 1'"9............ 13. N. johorensis, b. Integument of the ears thin, translucent; keel of the ear-conch slender, deep, bent backwards on itself.
a’. Antitragus separated by a deep notch ; lower incisors 4.
a". Muzzle thick, not concave in front of the eyes; upper lip with vertical wrinkles. a", Ears separate; a large gular sac; fore- [p. 4383. AIM BI SOe oe ios ciate soso renatete eye 14. N. australis, 6", Ears united by a low band near the extremity of the muzzle; no gular [p. 434. sac; forearm 2'"35 ....... cee eres 15. N. megalotis, 6”. Muzzle concave between the eyes and the extremity of the nose ; upper lip furrowed by deep oblique wrinkles ; no gular sac. ec", Ears united by a deep band, antitragus [p. 435. much longer than high; forearm 2'"2. 16. N. macrotis, d', Ears united by a low band, antitragus [p. 436. as high as long; forearm 18 ...... 17. N. gracilis, b', Antitragus separated by a very shallow notch ; lower incisors 6.
c". Muzzle flat in front of the ears; upper lips with vertical wrinkles.
ee - 422 EMBALLONURIDS.
e”, Ears separate.
a, Tragus quadrate, broad above; fore- [p. 437. ern lle fete sis vioaiaee nen areas 18. MW. brasieensis, B. Tragus triangular, narrow above; fore- [p. 439. Ch el its 19 Se are Pace nn ea areca 19. NV. norfolcensis, 1-1 II. Premolars 5-5.
ce’, Antitragus separated by a very shallow notch ; lower incisors 6, @”, Muzzle flat or rounded off above; upper f Eee ill-defined vertical wrinkles.
‘“”, Kars separate; tragus triangular, rounded OF above. : ag a. Ear broad above, upper third of the [p. 440. inner margin straight ; forearm 1-45 20. W. albcventer, 8. Ear narrow above, upper third of the inner margin deeply concave; fore- [p. 440, ig 01s Gat 319 a earner ee ee 21. N. acetabulosus, Premolars = ; ears united or close together. (Subg. Nycrinomvs, Ptrs.) 1. Nyctinomus africanus.
Nyctinomus africanus, Dobson, Ann. §& Mag. Nat. Hist. 1876, xvii. p. 348; P. Z. S, 1876, p. 719.
Ears large, their inner margins arising from perfectly distinct points of origin, though close together; outer and inner margins of the ear-conch regularly convex, forming an arc of a circle; antitragus irregularly quadrilateral, with a broad base, separated posteriorly by a moderately deep notch, upper margin straight or even slightly concave ; tragus broad, evenly rounded off above; keel of the ear very prominent, thickened and flattened externally in lower third (Plate XXII. fig. 1).
Fur bright orange-chestnut, above and beneath. The fur of the body extends upon the wing-membrane above almost as far as a line drawn from the middle of the humerus to the knee, and upon the base of the interfemoral membrane, the remainder of the upper surface is naked ; beneath, the fur scarcely extends so far outwards upon the wing-membrane between the humerus and femur as upon the upper surface, but a narrow band of short hairs passes outwards behind the posterior margin of the forearm to the carpus. Lower incisors four, not crowded ; first upper premolar very short and blunt, but occupying by its base the whole space between the canine and second premolar.
Length, head and body 3'°4, tail 2”:4, tail free from membrane 1"°5, head 1:2, ear 1", tragus 0°°3 x 0'"15, forearm 2'°5, thumb O"-4; third finger—metacarp. 2'-4, 1st ph. 1:1, 2nd ph. 1'"3; fourth finger—metacarp. 2'-15, 1st ph. 0'-9, 2nd ph. 0-35; fifth finger—metacarp. 1-25, Ist ph. 0’°75, 2nd ph. 0'"3; tibia 0'°75, foot 0'°45.
Hab. South Africa (Transvaal Republic).
a, ad. sk.yal. (type). Transvaal, South Africa. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].
13. nycrinomus. 423 2. Nyctinomus cestonii.
Dinops cestonii, Savi, Nuow. Gorn. de’ Letter, p. 280 (1825) ; Bullet. des Sci. Nat. viii. p. 286 (1826); Temminck, Monogr, Mammal. i. p. 262 (1835-41).
Dysopes riippellii, Temm. tl. c. ii. p. 224.
Dysopes midas, Sundevall, Stockh. Vetensk. Akad. Handl, 1842, p. 207. Dysopes cestonii, Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Stiugeth. v. p. 7023 vay. nigrogriseus, Schneider, Nuov. Mém. Soc. Helvét. xxiv. 1871, p. 9. Ny enon ae Blyth, Catal. Mamm, Mus. Asiat. Soc. Beng. p. 29 (1863).
Nyctinomus (Dysopes) ventralis, Heuglin, Nov. Acta Acad. Leop.- Carol. 1861, p. 11.
Dysopes (Molossus) riippellii, Swinhoe, P. Z. 8. 1870, p. 619. Nyctinomus cestonii, Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 180, fig. (head) (1876); P. Z. S. 1876, p. 719.
Ears united by the bases of their inner margins on the muzzlo at a short distance from the extremity of the nose, their round superior and internal margins projecting slightly beyond the end of the muzzle; general form of the ear-conch and tragus as in preceding species, but the tragus is proportionately larger, and the antitragus is obliquely triangular and separated posteriorly by a deep notch. Upper lips very thick, with well-marked vertical wrinkles. Males with a small glandular gular sac, opening in the centre of the inferior surface of the neck, slightly in front of the anterior extremity of the sternum, by a circular orifice concealed by the fur. Wings from the distal third of the tibia.
Fur, above, reddish brown with an orange tinge, the extreme tips of the hairs greyish; beneath, similar, but paler. The wingmembrane on the upper surface is covered as far as a linc drawn from the middle of the humerus to the knee, and the base of the interfemoral membrane; the antebrachial membrane is clothed with short fur; the forearm, legs, and remainder of the wings naked. Beneath, the fur extends outwards to a less distance, ending by an abrupt well-defined straight margin ; the antebrachial membrane is naked. The lower margin of the upper lip is fringed with fine hairs, the face is almost naked; a few short hairs form an arch on the inner side of the ear-conch, and the cutaneous band connecting the inner sides of the ears with the muzzle is clothed with erect hairs.
First upper premolar minute, acutely pointed, in the centre of the space between the canine and second large premolar ; lower central pair of incisors in front of next two, which touch the small incisors on each side next the canines, but do not overlap them, Length (of an adult 3), head and body 3'4, tail 2", tail free from membrane 1'"1, head 1'°3, ear 12, tragus 0'"25 x 0'"20, forearm 2'4, thumb 0'°35; third finger—metacarp. 2"-4, lst ph. 0'-95, 2nd ph. 1-25; fourth finger—metacarp. 2'-2, Ist ph. 0'"8, 2nd ph. 0'°5; fifth finger—metacarp. 1"-3, Ist ph. 0-7, 2nd ph. 0'"3; tibia 0°75, foot 0'"4.
Hab. Europe (Madeira ; Switzerland, Italy, Sicily, Greece) : Afnea (Egypt, Nubia); Asia (Amoy, China).
424 EMBALLONURID A.
a. ad. sk. Jersey ?. J. F, Snow, Esq. [ P.].
b. J ad, al. Italy. Prof. Savi [P.].
ce. f ad, al. Sicily. M. Parzudaki [C. ].
die. 6& @ ad, al. Sicily.
Ff. Q ad,, al. Greece. Myx. Parreys [C. ].
g. ad, sk. Purchased.
3. Nyctinomus egyptiacus.
Nyctinomus egyptiacus, Geoffroy,Descr. de l’Egypte, ii. p. 128, pl. ii. (1812) ; Dobson, P. Z.S. 1876, p. 721, Dysopes geottroyi, Temminck, Monogr. Mammal. i. p, 226 (1835-41) ; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Stiugeth. i. p. 469 (1844), v. p. 703 (1855), Much smaller than JN. africanus. Ears quite separate, but close together by the bases of their inner margins; outer and inner margins of the ear-conch evenly convex, forming almost an arc of a circle above; antitragus half-oval, separated by a deep notch posteriorly ; tragus broad and rounded off above, as in the preceding species. Lips with vertical wrinkles. No gular sac in male or female.
Wing-membrane from the lower part of the tibie near the ankles. Fur, deep smoke-brown above, paler beneath. Distribution of hair on the membranes as in WN. cestoniz, except on the antebrachial membrane, which is nearly naked.
Length (of the type, an adult ¢ specimen preserved in alcohol), head and body 2'"6, tail 1':6, tail free from membrane 0'-9, head 0'-95, ear 0'°9, tragus 0'°23 x 0'"15, forearm 1:95, thumb 0'°28 ; third finger—metacarp. 1'"9, 1st ph. 0'°75, 2nd ph. 0'°8; fourth finger—metacarp. 1:8, lst ph. 0-6, 2nd ph. 0-4; fifth finger— metacarp. 1°15, Ist ph. 0'°55, 2nd ph. 0'"3; tibia 0'"5, foot 0'°35, Hab. Africa (Egypt).
Type in the collection of the Paris Museum.
4. Nyctinomus tragatus.
Nyctinomus tragatus, Dobson, J. A. S. B. 1874, p. 148; Monogr. Asiatic Chiroptera, p. 181 (1876); P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 721. This species resembles NV. egyptiacus very closely, but is larger, and has always six lower incisors. That this is not due to age (as the young have generally six lower incisors, even in species in which four is the normal number in the adult animal) is shown by the relative measurements of this species and NV. egyptiacus, and by the presence in every specimen (as yet examined) of this species of six lower incisors. (Plate XXII. fig. 2, ear.)
Length, head and body 2'"9, tail 17, tail free from membrane 0'-85, ear 0'"9, tragus 0°23 x 0'"15, forearm 2", third finger 3’"6, fifth finger 1-9, tibia 0'"6, foot 0'"35.
Hab. Peninsula of India (Rajanpur, N.W. Frontier; Jashpur, near Chutia Nagpur; Calcutta).
Type in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta.
13. Nycrrmomus. 425 a. 9 ad., al. Malabar coast, India, Purchased. b. ad. sk. Nusserabad, India. St. George Mivart, Esq. [P.]. c. ad. sk, M. Parzudaki [C.].
d. ad. sk. Purchased.
5. Nyctinomus plicatus.
Vespertilio plicatus, Buchanan-Hamilton, Trans. Linn. Soe. v. p. 261, fig. (1800).
cae bengalensis, Geoffroy, Descr. de PEgypte, ii. p. 180 Nyctinomus tenuis ef dilatatus, Horsfield, Zoology. Research. in Java (1825) ; Cantor, J..A. 8. B. xv. p. 179. Dysopes murinus, Gray, Illustr. Ind. Zool. (figured), 1830. Dysopes plicatus, Temminck, Monogr. Mamunal. i, p. 223 (1835-41). Dysopes tenuis, Temminck, 1. c. p. 228. Nyctinomus plicatus, Jerdon, Mammals of India, p. 33 (1867); Dobson, J. A.S. B. 1874, p. 143; Monogr. Asiat. bi (1876); P. Z, S. 1876, p. 721.
ropt, p. 182 About the same size as NV. egyptiacus, but the ears are united by a low band in front, which forms an obtuse, slightly elevated, angular projection on the muzzle, and the tragus is very small, quadrate, the superior margin slightly concave, the outer margin with a small projection at the base; margin of the ear-conch evenly and broadly rounded off above; antitragus half-oval, separated posteriorly by a deep notch. Upper lip very thick, deeply grooved by vertical wrinkles. No gular sac in male or female. Wing-membrane from the lower end of the tibia. Fur very dense and soft; above bluish black or smoke-black, beneath somewhat paler.
First upper premolar small, in the space between the canine and second premolar.
Length (of an adult ¢), head and body 2’-9, tail 17, tail free from membrane 1'"1, head 1”, ear 0'°9, tragus 0'°1 x 0':03, forearm 1-95, third finger 3'9, fifth finger 1:7, tibia 0'°7, foot 0°35. Hab. Peninsula of India (Calcutta; Ludiana; Agra; Madras) ; Sumatra; Java; Borneo; Malay Peninsula (Singapore); Philippine Islands.
a. 6 ad., al. (type). India. Dr. Buchanan-Hamilton. b. 9 ad., al. India.
c. ad. sk. India. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. d,e. & & 9 ad., al. Java. Mr. Brandt [C.]. f-h. ad. sks. Java. E. India Company [P.]. i-k. ad. sks. Java. Purchased.
1. ad. sk. Java. Purchased.
m, ad. sk. Malay Peninsula.
n. ad. sk. Singapore. Purchased.
o. 2 imm. ad., al. Philippine Islands. | Mr. Cuming [C.]. p. & ad., al. Sir A. a gq. 6 ad., al, M. Lidth de Jeude [C.]. r. dad, al. Purchased.
426 EMBALLONURID SH.
wu. fb ad., al. India. General Hardwicke [C. ]. v. skull.
w, x. skeletons. Purchased.
6. Nyctinomus bivittatus.
Nyctinomous bivittatus, Heuglin, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 1861, p. 18; Dobson, P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 722. Ears conjoined by a low band, very slightly raised above the muzzle; tragus very small, quadrate; upper lip grooved by vertical wrinkles. No gular sac in male or female. Base of the thumb with a remarkably large circular callous pad. Wings from the middle of the tibia. Fur above umber-brown, the extremities of the hairs conspicuously tipped with grey, especially on the top of the head, where either side is streaked with grey, and on the shoulders and middle of the back spotted over with the same colour; beneath similar, but paler. Distribution of the fur and dentition as in NV. plicatus.
Length (of the type specimen, an adult 4), head and body 2:7, tail 1-6, tail free frem membrane 1°15, head 1”, ear 0'8, tragus 0"*1, forearm 1'°9, thumb 0'"35, third finger 3''8, fifth finger 18, tibia 0'°6, foot 0-4.
Hab. N.E. Africa (Bogos Land).
Type in the collection of the Stuttgart Museum*. This species is very closely allied to WV. plicatus, of which it may be considered the African representative.
7. Nyctinomus brachypterus.
Dysopes brachypterus, Peters, Reise nach Mossambique, Sdugeth. p. 59, pl. xv. fig. 1 (1852); Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Stiugeth. v p. 704 (1855), Nyctinomus brachypterus, Dobson, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 722. Ears much shorter than the head, conjoined by a deep band on the muzzle as far forward as a point corresponding to the position of the upper incisors beneath ; outer and inner margins continuous, evenly convex above, the inner margin with three minute horny points; antitragus well developed, separated by a deep notch, quadrangular, with shortly rounded angles, the length of its base but slightly exceeding the depth of its anterior margin; tragus small, quadrate, its superior margin directed upwards and inwards, a small projection at the base of its outer margin; keel of the ear-conch large, thickened, expanded, and flattened externally in its lower third; extremity of the nose projecting very much, the distance from the anterior margin of the nostril to the margin of the upper lip exceeding the diameter of the base of the antitragus; upper lip with vertical wrinkles (Plate XXII. fig. 3).
Wings from the middle of the tibiae. No gular sac in male or female. * The writer desires to express again bis obligations to Dr. Krauss for the opportunity afforded him of examining the type of this species.
13. NYCTINOMUS. 427 Fur very short above and beneath; dark brown above, the base of the hairs whitish ; beneath dirty yellowish white, the sides of the body brown.
The first upper premolar stands in the tooth-row and fills up the narrow space between the canine and second premolar; lower incisors very small, not occupying all the space in front of the canines. Length (of an adult 9 specimen), head and body 2'-25, tail 1-25, tail free from membrane 0-8, head 0-9, ear 0'"7, tragus 0'*1 x 0'-03, forearm 1-35, thumb 0-3; third finger—metacarp. 1'':35, Ist ph. 0-55, 2nd ph. 0":7; fourth finger—metacarp. 1-3, 1st ph. 0'-45, 2nd ph. 0'-35; fifth finger—metacarp, 0’:8, Ist ph. 0/35, 2nd ph. 0°15; tibia 0":45, foot 0'°3.
Hab. Africa (Sierra Leone; Mozambique).
Type in the collection of the Berlin Museum.
a, b. @ ad., al. Sierra Leone. Zool. Soc. Coll.
e. ad, sk, Sierra Leone. J. Brown, Esq. [P.].
8. Nyctinomus pumilus.
Dysopes pumilus, Cretzsch. Riippell, Atlas Reise nordl. Afrika, Zoolog. p. 69, pl. xxvii. (1826); Temminck, Monogr. Mamm. ii. p. 354 (1885-41) ; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Siugeth. i. p. 470 (1844), v. p. 704 (1855).
Nyctinomus pumilus, Dobson, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 723. Ears shorter than the head, united upon the muzzle (as in the preceding species), but by a deeper band; outer and inner margins of the ear-conch continuous, evenly rounded above, the inner margin with three minute horny points; antitragus half-oval, arising abruptly from a point behind and on the same level with the angle of the mouth, directly below the posterior commissure of the eyelids, separated posteriorly by a narrow moderately deep notch ; tragus small, quadrate, superior margin straight, parallel to the base of the tragus; keel of the ear-conch small, straight, not expanded in lower third; extremity of the muzzle not projecting as much as in the preceding species, the distance from the anterior margin of the nostril to the margin of the upper lip not exceeding the length of the base of the antitragus; upper lip very expansible, with deep vertical wrinkles. No gular sac in male or female.
Wings from the distal third of the tibia.
Fur rather short, but longer than in the preceding species ; above, whitish at the base, then dark brown to the tips of the hairs; beneath, less white at the base of the hairs, but slightly greyish at the tips.
Distribution of the fur upon the wing-membrane as in J. cestonii ; a narrow band of short hairs behind the anterior two thirds of the forearm on the upper surface.
In the male a thick tuft of long hairs arises from the back of the deep band connecting the ears; in the female this hair is not longer than on the adjoining inner sides of the backs of the ears.
428 EMBALLONURID&.
Lower incisors very small, crowded ; first upper premolar minute, witb an acute cusp, in the centre of the space between the canine and second premolar.
Length (of an adult ¢), head and body 21, tail 1'-25, tail free from membrane 0':75, head 0':8, ear 0°65, tragus 0'-1 x 0'-08, forearm 1"-5, thumb 0''3 ; third finger—metacarp. 1'*4, Ist ph. 0'-6, 2nd ph. 0'"7; fourth finger—metacarp. 1'-35, 1st ph. 05, 2nd ph. 0-4; fifth finger—metacarp. 0'°85, Ist ph. 0'-4, 2nd ph. 0'"2; tibia 0''5, foot 0'"25.
Hab. Africa (Abyssinia; Nubia; Egypt).
a. ad. sk. North Africa.
b. ad. sk. Fernando Po. Capt. E. Downes, R.N.
cv. dad, al. Gambia. Purchased.
The Collection also includes a dried skin and skull of an individual from the Cataract of the Nile, which appears to be intermediate between this species and WV. limbatus; but it is considerably larger than either, and the colour of the fur and the dentition are slightly different. The form of the muzzle, however, is so much distorted by the removal of the skull that I hesitate to describe.it as the type of a new species.
Ears circular, united by a deep band, the upper margin of which is convex, and probably in the recent specimen much larger than in NV. pumilus ; tragus as in that species, but the antitragus has a much broader base and is altogether larger.
Fur very short, both above and beneath; above dark brown, the extreme tips of the hairs slightly greyish; beneath paler, with a broad longitudinal patch of white extending from the middle of the breast, or slightly more forwards, as far back as the pubis ; wingmembrane whitish.
Wings from the middle of the tibia, or slightly lower down. The first upper premolar fills up the space between the canine and second premolar; lower incisors 4, not crowded, in a row between the canines.
Length, ear 07, tragus 0'-15 x 0'"1, forearm 1°65, thumb 0'°3 ; third finger—metacarp. 1"6, 1st ph. 0-7, 2nd ph. 1’; fourth finger —metacarp. 1'''5, Ist ph. 0'°55, 2nd ph. 0'°5; fifth finger—metacarp. 0-95, 1st ph. 0'-5, 2nd ph. 0-2; tibia 0'"5, foot 0°35. a. 9 ad. sk. Cataract of the Nile. F. Galton, Esq. [P.]. b. skull of a.
9. Nyctinomus limbatus.
Dysopes limbatus, Peters, Reise nach Mossambique, Sdugeth. i. p. 56 (1852).
Nyctinomus leucogaster, Grandidier, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 337. Nyctinomus limbatus, Dobson, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 724. Distinguishable from NV. pumilus only by the different colour of the fur of the ventral surface and of the wing-membrane, and by