2. AMORPHOCHILUS. 357 forwards, the extremity of the muzzle almost concealed by the long hairs fringing the sides. Thumb exceedingly short, contained to the base of the very small claw within the antebrachial membrane ; first phalanx of the middle finger very short, not equal to the first phalanx of the third finger in length, partially flexed (in repose) upon the dorsal surface of the metacarpal bone.
Wings from the tarsus; feet small; claws long and strongly curved ; near the base of the claw on the plantar surface of the fifth toe a small wart is placed; calcaneum as long as the tibia ; interfemoral membrane very large, as long as the head and body ; tail terminating in the membrane opposite the ankles. Fur long and dense, extending upon the wing-membrane along the sides of the body only, and leaving the remainder of the wings, the arm-bones, and the tibie naked; also upon the interfemoral above as far as the end of the second caudal vertebra; beneath, thinly covering the greater part with fine thinly spread hairs ranged along the transverse lines. The sides of the muzzle to the very end of the nose are densely covered, and the long thick fur quite conceals the angles of the mouth ; the chin is similarly covered. Above and beneath slate-blue, darker towards the extremities of the hairs above, paler beneath.
Upper incisors in pairs, separated in the middle, but removed from the canines on either side by a wider space, very short, the inner incisor slightly larger than the outer one, and with a small second external basal cusp, the pair of incisors on each side directed inwards and forwards ; lower incisors very small, trifid, not crowded ; upper canines with a small anterior and larger posterior basal cusp ; first upper premolar in the centre of the space between the canine and second premolar, unicuspidate, and inclined slightly forwards ; second upper premolar with an anterior and internal basal projection; last upper molar three fourths antepenultimate molar ; lower canines very small and slender, nearly equalled by the second premolar in vertical extent, and exceeded by it in cross section ; first lower premolar like the corresponding tooth above, but smaller ; molars with five acutely pointed cusps, last molar smaller, with four.
(For measurements see p. 358.)
Hab. South America (Surinam, Brazil).
a. 9 ad., al. Surinam. Berlin Museum [E.}, 2. AMORPHOCHILUS.
Amorphochilus, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1877, p. 185. Muzzle very obtuse in front, its superior front margin forming a fleshy prominence above the nostrils : nasal apertures triangular, widely separated ; bony palate produced backwards as far as a line corresponding to the centres of the zygomatic arches. Range. Chilian Subregion.
358 EMBALLONURIDZE.
1. Amorphochilus schnablii.
Amorphochilus schnablii, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1877, pp. 185-87, pl. figs. 1-10.
Ears rounded, almost as broad as high, extending to the extremity of the muzzle; outer margin of the ear-conch slightly emarginate below; tragus as in F. horrens, broadly triangular, arising from a narrower base, the outer angle of the triangle acutely pointed, the shorter inner and the longer superior angle rounded off. The small eyes are almost concealed by the ears. The upper lip is high, and its upper front extremity projects beyond the lower lip. The almost triangular nasal apertures are placed in the front surface of a fleshy disk, like the extremity of a pig’s snout, the upper rim of which, as in a pig, is raised above the muzzle. Whilst the nasal apertures in Furia are separated only by a narrow partition, in this species the partition is very broad. At the angle of the mouth a peg-like lappet is placed, which also appears in Furia, though less developed; on each side of the lower lip a second lappet with its extremity inclined inwards; and in the middle of the inferior surface of the muzzle another lappet, which sends forth on either side a cutaneous ridge directed outwards and backwards. In the middle of the margin of the lower lip a broad, smooth, triangular pad. Palate-ridges nine. Wings as in Furta. The transverse lines on the interfemoral membrane clothed with short hairs, and the tail terminates at the eighth of these lines; the wing-membrane along the sides of the body is covered as far as a line corresponding to the middle of the humerus.
Fur dark brown; the hairs of the back paler in the middle, the shorter hairs beneath paler at their extremities. Teeth as in Furia horrens.
The following are the measurements of adult 9 specimens of (1.) Furia horrens and (I11.) of Amorphochilus schnablii respectively :— A TI.
Length, head and body ...........scccceseeeessesseseeeteneesees 15 15 jin)NEAL.ScanitinraccataanevcndclateasGsuanenensauneaennenaaneas110-9 eee ALOR.
scrarratenearesivscee nation alee ulbutantoueae tye an wemanoramaesiae 0:55 0:55 spe SNOB ses tesiesbaean danse ewe cenuoeseue chs chamnine suas nerrecaine 0°45 0-43 meGRACUBSseusvsieaseeacuaneeesmanaiassaamdewaanabsmenesses0120712 5 LOLEATIN: pcan aesiesarrenrtenesewsaien sleet uel eeu aame tensor 14 1:35 » thumb..... es Orl 0-08 » third finger, metacarpa ; 1:35 1:29 -. a Ist phalanx .... “ee, OD 0-16 ¥ Ah PNG 9 sais, Lowa wakeeeedaen octal daeemay 0-9 09 . fourth finger, metacarpal ................scceeeeeeee ees 1:2 1:15 ee a Tat: phalanx 05. ce ictescasiseoasesvia cscs 0:25 0:24 3 OCF sash Acehcvegdunaesacnesreceieuetend 0:35 0-4 a fifth finger, metacar ae His ti aeaaRet xe seaneusicameukuienen’ 11 11 - ‘yt Tptiphalanx << itcevscusstacocedssiase gees 0°45 0-4 a ‘ PNA ay —_seenceweanevearauaruacicauese 0:18 0:28 Ps GUD aides sane een shen ane eisai oa emer ees ten 0-5 06 ie “HOO ber cntdenn e doen atic hike mht ace ace Monsees Ake ase 0:25 0:27 * * The above description of Amorphochilus schnablii has been translated by me
3. EMBALLONURA. 359 Comparison of the above measurements shows how very closely A. schnablii agrees with I’. horrens in size ; the differences are indeed so slight that if the measurements of the specimens had been made by the same person, it is probable they might have been almost identical. This remarkably close correspondence in size and (as far as I can judge from the excellent figures and description) absolute agreement in dental characters, as well as in the form of the ear and tragus, renders it very doubtful whether, even with the apparently great structural differences in the form of the extremity of the muzzle and of the bony palate, we should consider this species the type of a genus distinct from Furia.
Hab. Tumbez, Peru.
Group EMBALLONURA.
Ears arising by their inner margins from the sides of the forehead ; outer margin of the ear-conch terminating in a lobe carried forwards towards the angle of the mouth; tragus longer than broad, generally expanded above; nostrils opening close together at the extremity of the conical muzzle; thumb and first phalanx of the middle finger moderately long ; tail perforating the large interfemoral membrane about its centre and appearing upon its upper surface.
Crown of the head slightly elevated above the face-line ; postorbital processes distinct, generally very long.
Range. Tropical and Subtropical Regions of both hemispheres. 3. EMBALLONURA.
Emballonura, Temminck (in part), Van der Hoeven, Tijdsch. Natur. Gesch. p. 22 (1839) ; Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1867, p. 479 ; Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 164 (1876).
Centronycteris, Gray, Voyage of the ‘Sulphur,’ Mammalia, p. 238 (1844) (not Mag. Zool. § Bot. 1838, p. 99, vide infra, p. 377). Ears arising separately from the sides of the forehead; outer margin of the ear-conch terminating in a long lobe behind the angle of the mouth below the eye; tragus longer than broad, generally slightly expanded above; apertures of the nostrils circular or oblique ; wings from the ankles or tarsi; antebrachial membrane without a pouch; interfemoral membrane large, extending much beyond the point at which it is pierced by the tail, and having its posterior free margin supported by long calcanea. ; Nasal bones slightly convex ; muzzle broad and flat above, increasing in width in front of the postorbital processes. from the recently published original description of the species described by Dr. Peters from a single specimen, which I have not yet had an opportunity of examining.
360 EMBALLONURIDZ.
Dentition. Ine. =, Cc. =, pm. = m. —.
Upper incisors in pairs, separated from the canines and also in the middle.
Range. From Madagascar to the Navigators’ Islands; no species has as yet been discovered in the continents of Asia or Australia. Synopsis of the Subgenera and Species.
I. Nostrils close together in front, opening by circular apertures directed forwards ; upper lip projecting more~or less beyond the lower in front ; lower incisors separated on each side from the camines............6. Subg. EMBALLONURA. a. Inner margin of the tragus concave.
a, Calcaneum shorter than the tibia; wings from the ankles; forearm 17. 1. E. semicaudata, p. 360. b. Inner margin of the tragus convex.
B. Caleaneum shorter than the tibia; wings from the feet; forearm 14 .. 2. E. monticola, p. 361. y. Calcaneum longer than the tibia ; wings from the ankles; forearm 15 ...... 3. £. atrata, p. 862. II. Nostrils widely separated, opening by elliptical apertures placed obliquely; upper lip not projecting in front; lower incisors filling up the space between the canines .. Subg. Mosia. b. Inner margin of the tragus convex.
6. Caleaneum shorter than the tibia; wings from the base of the toes; fore- Br DAD ed slats wars web sehaiaie gels 4. E. nigrescens, p. 363. 1. Emballonura semicaudata.
Vespertilio semicaudatus, Peale, United States Expl. Exp., Mammalia, p. 28, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1848).
Emballonura semicaudata, Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Sdugeth. v. p. 698 (1855) ; Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1867, p. 480. Emballonura fuliginosa, Tomes, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 77. Muzzle pointed in front, its extremity projecting considerably beyond the lower lip; nostrils close together, separated by a narrow groove opening almost directly forwards; lower lip not grooved, but the chin is divided by a vertical furrow in the middle; ears shorter than the head, their inner margins arising from the forehead above the eye; lower half of the inner margin of the earconch slightly convex, upper half straight, tip narrowly rounded off; outer margin concave in upper one sixth immediately beneath the tip, then straight to a point opposite the base of the tragus, where it is slightly emarginate, terminating in a convex lobe; tragus somewhat expanded above and slightly curved inwards, lower two thirds of the outer margin straight, upper third convex, tip broadly rounded off, inner margin concave.
3. EMBALLONURA. 361 Wings from the ankles; interfemoral very large; calcaneum nearly as long as the tibia; last caudal vertebra alone projecting. Upper incisors in pairs in the centre of each half of the space between the canines, equal in size and in vertical extent, unicuspidate, with oblique cusps directed downwards and slightly inwards ; lower incisors very small, trifid, not crowded, the outer tooth on either side separated from the canine by a space ; first upper premolar scarcely raised above the gum, in the centre of the space between the canine and second premolar and rather to the outer side of the tooth-row ; upper canine with small anterior and posterior basal cusps; first lower premolar scarcely half the size of the second, triangular, with a small anterior and posterior basal cusp; last upper molar nearly three fourths the antepenultimate molar.
Length, head and body 1'"8, tail 0-6, head 0'°7, ear 0'6, tragus 0'-18, forearm 1-7, thumb 0-28, third finger—metacarp. 16, first ph. 0'°5, second ph. 0:8; fourth finger—metacarp. 1'"3, first ph. 0"-4, second ph. 0''°35 ; fifth finger—metacarp. 1''-25, first ph. 0'°42, second ph. 0'’:2, tibia 0”:7, caleaneum 0'"6, foot 0'°3. A female specimen in the collection, from unknown locality, obtained during the voyage of the ‘ Sulphur,’ has the forearm 1/85, but the ears and calcanea are slightly shorter than in other specimens.
Hab. Polynesian Subregion (Pelew Islands, New Hebrides, Fiji Islands, Navigators’ Islands).
a. 9 ad, al. Fiji Islands. J. Macgillivray, Esq. [C.]. b. ad. sk. Taaad cf Ovaleu) Fil, Ue, HMC Rapaee [bf (Type of Emballonuru fuliginosa, Tomes.)
c-e. f ad, al. Island of Ngai, Fiji. Lords of the Admiralty UPd St. Q ad, al. Samoa. Rev. 8. J. Whitmee [P.].
g & ad., al. Voy. of the ‘Sulphur.’ Sir E. Belcher [C.]. (Type of Centronycteris calcarata, Gray (non Wied).) A. skull. New Hebrides. Voyage of the ‘ Herald.’ 2. skull. Viti Levi, Fiji. Voyage of the ‘ Herald.’ Jj. skull. Island of Ngai, Fiji. Voyage of the ‘ Herald.’ 2. Emballonura monticola.
Emballonura monticola, Temminck, Van der Hoeven, Tijdsch. voor Natur. Gesch. v. p. 25, pl. ii. figs. 1, 2 (1889); Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1867, p. 480; Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 165 1876).
Verpertiio (Nycticejus) alecto, Eydoux et Gervais, Voy. ‘ Favorite,’ 2¢ part. Zoology, p. 7 (1889).
Emballonura discolor, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1861, p. 711. Muzzle obtuse in front, the extremity projecting slightly beyond the lower lip; centre of the upper lip with a small, naked, triangular projection below and between the nostrils; nasal apertures circular, directed forwards and downwards. Eyes large, rather prominent. Ears narrow, slanting backwards, the inner margins arising from a point above the eye, straight in the upper half; tip
362 EMBALLONURIDE, of the ear narrowly rounded off; upper third of the outer margin slightly concave, then slightly convex, emarginate opposite the base of the tragus, terminating in a rounded lobe midway between the base of the tragus and the angle of the mouth: tragus narrow, maintaining the same breadth to the tip, which is rounded off; inner margin slightly convex, outer slightly concave. Wing-membrane from the tarsus. Feet small; toes nearly equal. Last two vertebre of the tail projecting on the upper surface of the interfemoral membrane. Interfemoral membrane large, convex behind ; calcaneum very long.
Upper incisors slender, nearly equal in vertical extent, the inner one on each side slightly longer, in pairs, separated from the canines by a space, and also in the middle; lower incisors not crowded ; first upper premolar minute, in the centre of the space between the canine and the second premolar ; first lower premolar small, half the vertical height of the second, but nearly equal to it in cross section.
Length, head and body 15, tail 0'-5, head 0'°55, ear 0'°5, tragus 0"°18, forearm 1-4, thumb 0'"2; third finger—metacarp. 1-2, first ph. 0'°3, second ph. 0”°6; fourth finger—metacarp. 1", first ph. 0'°3, second ph. 0°28; fifth finger—metacarp. 0'°9, first ph. 0:3, second ph. 0-2; tibia 0"-45, caleaneum 0''-4, foot 0'-22. Hab. Indo-Malayan Subregion (Java, Sumatra, Borneo; Philippine Islands).
a, @ ad, al. Luzon, Philippine Islands. Dr. Peters [P. |. 3. Emballonura atrata.
Emballonura atrata, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1874, p. 693. Ears long, slightly shorter than the head, pointed, outer margin ewarginate above, with fourteen transverse folds; tragus expanded above, almost hatchet-shaped.
Thumb longer than in any of the other species of the genus, being one fifth the length of the forearm.
Wings from the distal extremity of the tibia. Tail and calcaneum longer than the tibia.
The fur of the back is longer than that of the ventral surface, but on both surfaces slate-grey at the base, at the extremities black. As the dark-coloured extremities are longer on the upper than on the ventral surface, the hair of the back appears greyish black, while that of the abdomen is dark grey.
The second upper premolar with well-developed anterior and posterior secondary cusps.
This species is at once distinguished from Z. monticola and E. semicaudata by its smaller size, which but slightly exceeds that of E. nigrescens. It agrees with the latter in the form of the tragus, and with E. monticola in the length of the ears. In the position of attachment of the wing-membrane to the end of the tibia it re-
3. EMBALLONURA. 363 sembles HZ. semicaudata, while it differs from all other known species of the genus in the relatively great length of the calcanea and tail, and in the greater development of the second upper premolars. Length, head and body 1-8, tail 0'-7, head 0'"6, ear 0'°55, tragus 0-17, forearm 1-5, thumb 0':3; third finger—metacarp. 1-4, first ph. 0'"6, second ph. 0'"8 ; fourth finger—metacarp. 1”, first ph. 04, second ph. 0-37; fifth finger—metacarp. 1-05, first ph. 0-34, second ph. 0'-3, tibia 0-6, caleaneum 0'63, foot 0-28. Hab. Madagascar.
Type, an adult 2, from the interior of Madagascar, in the collection of the Berlin Museum.
The above description of this species (of which I have not yet seen the type) is translated from the original description lately published by Dr. Peters.
4, Emballonura nigrescens.
Mosia nigrescens, Gray, Voyage of the ‘ Sulphur, p. 23 (1844). Emballonura nigrescens, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1867, p. 480 ; Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 165 (1876).
Smaller than any of the preceding species, and at once distinguished from them by the very different form of the muzzle and _nostrils. ars shorter than the head, comparatively broader than in E. monticola and more obtuse, rounded off above; tragus much longer than broad, slightly broader above, rounded at the tip and curved outwards ; inner margin convex, outer correspondingly concave (Plate XX. fig. 1, ear, double natural size) ; muzzle rather short and obtuse, the upper lip not projecting beyond the lower one, the forehead concave between the eyes; nostrils rather wide apart, opening by obliquely placed elliptical apertures, whereof the margins do not project; eyes prominent, with a groove on the face beneath each.
Feet small; wings from the base of the toes; caleaneum three fourths the length of the tibia.
Fur, above, dark brown at the terminal fourth, paler towards the base; beneath paler brown throughout, scarcely extending upon the membranes or extremities, which are dark brown or black. Upper incisors small, acutely pointed, unicuspidate, close together, directed inwards and forwards, the inner incisor slightly shorter than the outer one; lower incisors not crowded, filling up the space in a semicircular row between the canines; first upper premolar very small, scarcely raised above the gum, in the space between the canine and second premolar but closer to the canine. ; Length (of an adult 3), head and body 1-55, tail 0"-5, head 0'"55, ear 0'°5, tragus 0°15, forearm 145, thumb 02; third finger— metacarp. 1-25, 1st ph. 0:38, 2nd ph. 0-6; fourth finger—metacarp. 0:98, Ist ph. 0'"3, 2nd ph. 0'-3; fifth finger—metacarp. 0-95, 1st ph. 0'-3, 2nd ph. 0°22; tibia 0''5, caleaneum 0'"4, foot 0'"22,
364 EMBALLONURIDE.
Hab. Austro-Malayan Subregion (Ternate; Amboina; Duke of York Island, New Ireland).
a. ¢ imm., al. (type). | Amboina. Sir E. Belcher [C.]. b. f ad., al. Duke of York Island. = Rev. G. Brown [C.]. 4. COLEURA.
Coléura, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1867, p. 479. Ears as in Emballonura ; tragus longer than broad, slightly narrower above; wings from the ankles or tarsus; antebrachial membrane without a pouch; interfemoral membrane very large; tail short, projecting on the upper surface by the last caudal vertebra. Nasal bones concave, frontal depressed ; postorbital processes of the frontal long and slender ; premaxillaries not united in front. Dentition. Ine. =, C. = pm. =, m. =.
Lower incisors not separated by an interval on each side from the canines. Upper incisors equally distant from the canines and from each other.
The bony palate does not extend so far back as in Emballonura, and the basisphenoid is much more deeply excavated, almost as deeply as in Taphozous. Owing to the concavity of the frontal bones, the crown of the head appears much more elevated above the face-line than in Emballonura.
Range. South-east Africa (Zanzibar; Mozambique) to the Seychelle Islands and, probably, to Madagascar and other islands of the Malagasy Subregion.
Synopsis of the Species.
a. Lower lip with a distinct median groove in front ; muzzle obtusely conical; ears narrowly rounded off above; forearm 2-2 ; iia OM OO ieee ss erstustayeretaterele tree eee + Ws 1. C. seychellensis, p. 364. b. Lower lip not divided by a groove in front ; muzzle acutely conical; ears broadly rounded off above; forearm 19; tibia OG si heaves rir peiare siginaeaene sere ss 2. C. afra, p. 365. 1. Coleura seychellensis.
Coléura seychellensis, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1868, p. 367. Ears much shorter than the head, their inner margins arising from the sides of the forehead at a short distance above and behind the eyes; inner margin of the ear-conch straight, tip narrowly rounded off; outer margin slightly convex, with a shallow emargination opposite the tragus, terminating midway between the base of the tragus and the angle of the mouth; tragus much longer than broad, inner and outer margins straight, parallel, the tragus maintaining the same width upwards, abruptly and shortly rounded off at the tip, a small projection on the outer side opposite the base