13. KERIVOULA. 333 Kelaart, Prodr. Faune Zeylanice, p. 25 (1852); Tomes, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 825; Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 146 (1876). Vespertilio (Kirivoula) pictus, Horsfeld, Cat. Mamm. Mus. E.I. Comp. p. 40 (1851).
Ears moderate; laid forwards the tips reach midway between the eyes and the end of the muzzle; inner side very convex forwards; the lower half of the inner margin sloping forwards and upwards so as to overhang the eye, the upper half upwards and backwards to the tip, which is short and subacute; immediately beneath the tip the outer margin is shortly but deeply concave, the remaining four fifths of the outer side of the conch much expanded outwards and forwards, and terminating abruptly midway between the base of the tragus and the angle of the mouth by a sudden inward curvature of the outer margin. Tragus very long and straight, extending almost as high as the base of the emargination on the outer side of the ear beneath the tip; inner margin straight; no lobe at base of outer margin, but a distinct tooth-like projection opposite the base of the inner margin, from which the outer margin slopes straight upwards to the very acute tip.
Thumb short; wings to the base of the toes. Fur above deep orange; beneath paler. The ears, antebrachial, and interfemoral membranes of the same deep orange colour; the wing-membrane between the humerus and the posterior limb, the free margin of the membrane between the foot and the fifth finger, along the posterior side of the forearm, and on both sides of each finger, deep orange; the remaining parts deep black with scattered orange dots, especially on the membrane between the metacarpal bones of the third and fourth fingers. Both the inner and outer surfaces of the ear-conch are thickly covered with small papille from which fine hairs arise. A dense tuft of long hairs springs from the angle of the mouth, and extends half the length of the upper lip; face naked directly in front of the eyes and for a space around the eyes. On the upper surface the wing-membrane is thinly covered with long hairs as far as a line drawn from the middle of the humerus to the knee-joint ; the same kind of hairs extend upon the thighs and tibize and cover the interfemoral thinly as far as a line drawn between the ankles ; the backs of the feet to the base of the claws are densely covered with short fine orange-coloured fur, which also forms a thick short fringe along the posterior margin of the calcanea and interfemoral membrane.
Inner upper incisors long, in vertical extent nearly equal to three fourths of the canine, acutely pointed, with a small second basal cusp posteriorly and externally; outer incisor unicuspidate, slanting slightly inwards and forwards towards the posterior cusp of the inner incisor, which it nearly or quite equals in vertical extent. First and second upper premolars distinct, the second slightly internal and separated from the third by a small space. Lower incisors not crowded, distinctly trifid. Lower premolars nearly equal in size.
334 VESPERTILIONID&.
Length, head and body 1'°55, tail 1-6, head 0'°65, ear 0'"6, tragus 0:3, forearm 1'"4, thumb 0°22, third finger 2’-9, fifth finger 2-1, tibia 0'°55, foot 0'°3.
Hab. Peninsula of India; Ceylon; Burma; Sumatra; Java. Probably distributed generally throughout the Oriental Region. The very peculiar markings of the membranes of K. picta at once distinguishes it from all other known species of the genus, but it also differs in the much narrower and more pointed muzzle, and in the form and position of the upper inner incisors, which are remarkably large, much curved forwards, and are placed so much in front of the canines that the outer incisors lie almost directly behind them.
a. ad. sk. Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart.
6. fo ad., al. Ceylon. Purchased.
c-e, ad. sk. Java. E.I. House Collection.
f. o ad., al. Java. J. Bowring, Esq.
g-k. ad. sks. E.I. House Collection, 4. 9 ad., al. M. Lidth de Jeude.
m, n. imm., sks. No history.
o. skeleton. Ceylon. Purchased.
2. Kerivoula brunnea.
Ears slightly shorter than the head, laid forwards the extremities do not extend quite to the end of the muzzle; ear-conch very similar in outline to that of K. picta; tragus with a slight indication of a lobe at the base of the outer margin, which, however, is not succeeded by an emargination, and the projection opposite the base of the inner margin is obtuse.
Fur, above, yellowish brown, the basal half of the hairs very dark brown or black; beneath paler or greyish brown, the base of the hairs also dark-coloured ; very long and dense, covering nearly half the upper surface of the interfemoral membrane, and extending along the legs to the backs of the feet; the posterior margin of the interfemoral membrane has a comb-like fringe of curved hairs of equal length, asin K. picta and K. lanosa. Membranes dark brown. Upper incisors nearly equal in length and in cross section, the inner incisor on each side with a small postero-external basal cusp visible from the front; of the lower incisors the outer on each side has a blunt cusp rising considerably above the others; second upper premolar slightly smaller than the first, with a more oblique cusp inclined forwards.
Length (of a not full-grown ¢), head and body 15, tail 1'°9, head 0°55, ear 0'°5, tragus 0'°35, forearm 1'°3, thumb 0'°25; third finger—metacarp. 1:25, Ist ph. 0'°65, 2nd ph. 0':8; fifth finger—metacarp. 1":2, 1st ph. 0”:4, 2nd ph. 0'"3; tibia 0'-55, foot 0'°3.
Hab. Uncertain.
This species is at once distinguished by the very dark colour of its fur, by the comb-like fringe along the interfemoral membrane behind, and by the large size of the upper outer incisors.
13. KERIVOULA. 335 The type specimen has suffered from long soaking in weak alcohol, which has denuded it of much of its fur, and it is possible that the anterior extremities may have had short hairs clothing them as in K. lanosa, especially as some hairs are found still adhering to the outer margin of one wing.
a. 3 (not full-grown), al. Madras or South Africa, Sir A. Smith [P.]. 3. Kerivoula africana.
Ears and tragus almost quite similar to those of K. hardwickii, but longer than the head; thumb shorter; wings from the base of the toes.
The fur extends upon the base only of the interfemoral membrane and along the legs to the backs of the feet ; a few fine hairs extend along the calcanea and margin of the interfemoral membrane, but not so thickly as to form a fringe. The face is nearly naked between the eyes, but long hairs arise from the glandular eminences in front, and also form a fringe along the margin of the lips. On the upper surface the fur is dark brown at the base, the extremities greyish brown; beneath similar, but paler. Inner upper incisor on each side long, with a distinct outer cusp ; outer incisor unicuspidate, exceeding the outer cusp of the inner incisor, and nearly equalling that tooth in vertical extent. First upper premolar smaller than the third and equal to the second premolar ; lower premolars equal.
Length (of the type, a ¢, preserved in alcohol), head and body 1-35, tail 1-35, head 0’°5, ear 0:5, tragus 0'°3, forearm 1-1, thumb 0:2, third finger 2”-15, fifth finger 1:6, tibia 0'°45, calcaneum 05, foot 0°25.
Hab. East coast of Africa (Zanzibar).
Type in the collection of the Paris Museum.
This is the smallest species of Kerivoula as yet described. It resembles K. hardwickti very closely in general form, but may be at once distinguished by the upper incisors.
4. Kerivoula hardwickii.
Vespertilio hardwickii, Horsfield, Zool. Researches in Java (1825) ; Temm. Monogr. Mammal. ii. p. 222 (1841); Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Sdugeth. v. p. 736 (1855) ; Dobson, Monogr. Asiat, Chiropt. p. 148, figs. a, b, ¢ tig76), Kerivoula hardwickii, Gray, A. & M. N. H. x. p. 258 (1842). Kerivoula fusca, Dobson, P, A. S. B. 1871, p. 215. About the same size as K. picta, from which it is at once distinguished by the almost uniform colour of the fur and membranes. Ears larger than those of that species; laid forwards the tips extend nearly to the end of the muzzle; the inner margin forms almost a regular arc of a small circle from the base to the tip; the tips are rounded, and immediately beneath them is a short but deep concavity occupying the upper fourth of the outer margin ; below this
336 VESPERTILIONID&.
the outer side of the conch becomes much expanded, and projects forwards anteriorly even more than in K. picta, the outer margin curving inwards and backwards towards the base of the tragus to its termination. Tragus very long (extending in some specimens quite to the edge of the emargination below the tip on the outer side of the ear) and much attenuated; the inner margin straight ; the outer with a small projecting tooth opposite the base of the inner margin, where the tragus reaches its greatest width, above this slightly convex, the upper two thirds faintly concave. Conch covered with glandular papille and small hairs arising from them, as in K. picta. (Plate XVII. fig. 6.)
Thumb large, armed with a strong claw (much larger than in K. picta). Wings to the base of the toes, or between the base of the toes and the claws. Posterior margin of the interfemoral membrano with numerous small conical projections, not distinct in dried skins. On the upper surface the membranes are almost naked; a few long scattered hairs appear upon the interfemoral membrane and upon the backs of the legs; but the feet are almost naked, and the interfemoral has a few short straight hairs along its posterior margin, not densely fringed as in A. picta. Beneath, a few thinly spread hairs appear upon the wing-membrane between the humerus and femur; but the integument is nearly quite naked. Chin and throat clothed with remarkably long and dense fur.
Fur, above and beneath, dark at the base and for half its length, the terminal half shining greyish brown.
The upper inner incisors have no second posterior cusp, but an indistinct tubercle on their outer sides near their summits; tho outer incisors, which are about half their length, lie close to them, and have a small external basal cusp. First upper premolar equal to the third in vertical extent, but less than it in cross section; second premolar about one third smaller, close between the first and third premolar, not separated from the third premolar by an interval. Lower premolars equal in size and equal to the first molar in vertical extent.
Length (of an adult ¢), head and body 15, tail 1’°7, head 0-6, ear 0'°5, forearm 1'°4, thumb 033 ; third finger—metacarp. 1-4, 1st ph. 0'°6, 2nd ph. 0'°85; fifth finger—metacarp. 1-35, Ist ph. 0°38, 2nd ph. 0'"4; tibia 0-65, foot 0'°3. Hab. Peninsula of India (Sibsagar, Assam; Shillong, Khasia Hills); Camboja; Java; Borneo; Duke of York Island. Type in the collection of the E. I. Comp. at South Kensington. A specimen from Duke of York Island differs from typical examples of this species from the Oriental Region in being slightly larger, the forearm measuring quite 13 inch, and in having no trace of a tubercle on the outer side of the upper outer incisors. In all other respects it is not distinguishable from Indian specimens of this species. a, b. imm. et ad. sks. Tndia. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. e-e. 6 & 2 @ ad, al. Camboja.
f ad., al. North Borneo. Purchased.
g. Q ad., al. Duke of York Island.
h. @ ad., al. M. Lidth de Jeude.
13. KERIVOULA. 337 5. Kerivoula papillosa.
Vespertilio papillosus, Temminck, Monogr. Mammal. ii. p. 220 (18385 -41); Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Sdugeth. v. p. 736 (1855). Kerivoula papillosa, Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 150 (1876). Ears very similar in shape to those of K. hardwickii, but the anterior part of the outer side of the conch does not project so far forwards ; the tragus has also a small tooth on its outer margin, which in its lower half is regularly slightly convex ; laid forwards the tips of the ears extend to the end of the muzzle.
The upper lip has a dense fringe of hair extending almost as far as the nasal apertures on each side.
Wings from the base of the claws; thumbs and feet large, armed with very large and strong claws; free edge of the interfemoral membrane margined with small papille and short hairs. Fur, above, light shining brown, with darker tips ; beneath paler. The upper inner incisors are comparatively shorter than in K. hardwickit, the outer incisors scarcely visible. Dentition in other respects similar to that of K. hardwickit.
The following measurements have been taken by me from the type specimen preserved in the Leyden Museum:— Length, head and body 2":2, tail 2-2, ear 0'-65, forearm 1'°7, third finger 3'°6, fifth finger 26, tibia 0-9, caleaneum 0'°8, foot O"-4, The above measurements show that this species much exceeds in size all the preceding.
Hab. Java.
Type in the collection of the Leyden Museum.
This species is closely related to K. hardwichu, from which it is chiefly distinguished by its very much greater size, by the smallness of the outer upper incisors, and by the colour of the fur. a, nearly ad. sk., in al. No history.
6. Kerivoula pellucida.
Vespertilio pellucidus, Waterhouse, P.Z.S. 1845, p. 6; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Siugeth. v. p. 742 (1855).
Kerivoula hardwickii, Tomes, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 329. Kerivoula pellucida, Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 149 (1876). About the size of K. hardwickit, but the ears are conspicuously much larger, laid forwards the tips extend one fifth of an inch beyond the end of the nose; the inner margin is regularly convex from the base to the tip, the most anterior part of the convexity of the inner margin projects forwards almost as far as the end of the muzzle; the upper third of the outer margin is occupied by a broad obtusely angular emargination, very different from the short concavity beneath the tip in K. hardwickit; the lower two thirds of the outer margin is much expanded, and similar to the same part of the ear in K. picta. Tragus similar in shape to that of K. hardz
338 VESPERTILIONID.&.
wickit, but not so much attenuated, nor, proportionately to the si. of the ear, so long; the projection on the outer margin, opposite the base of the inner margin, is also very slight and obtuse (Plate XVII. fig. 7).
Wings to the base of the toes; posterior margin of the interfemoral fringed with short hairs, but not papillated. Distribution of the fur upon the wing- and interfemoral membranes as in A. hardwichit.
Upper inner incisors unicuspidate, very long and slender; outer incisor on each side very short, less than one third the inner incisor in vertical extent, broad at the base, its summit sloping inwards towards and lying against the base of the inner incisor. Lower incisors slightly crowded ; the two central incisors with four distinct cusps each, those on each side with three, whilst those next the canines have a small cusp on their inner sides only. Upper premolars as in A. hardwickii; lower premolars equal, and nearly equal to the first molar in vertical extent.
Length (of an adult ¢ preserved in alcohol), head and body 1'65, tail 2", head 0”°6, ear 0'°7, tragus 0°35, forearm 1':25, thumb 0'°3, third finger 2''9, fifth finger 2", tibia 0-7, foot 0'°3. Hab, Philippine Islands.
This species was united by Mr. Tomes with A. hardwickti, but the very much longer and quite differently shaped ears at once distinguish it.
a,b. Q juv. et ad., al. (type) Philippine Islands. Zool. Soc. Coll. 7. Kerivoula jagorii.
Vespertilio (Kerivoula) jagorii, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1866, p. 399; Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 185 (1876).
Ears as in K. hardwickii; but there is a second slight concavity about the middle of the outer margin; inner margin very convex, projecting beyond the eye: tragus rather broad below, tapering to an acute point and curved outwards; immediately above the base a deep but narrow horizontal slit opposite the base of the inner margin. Nostrils close together, the extremity of the muzzle projecting.
: Tip of the tail projecting slightly; margin of the interfemoral membrane not fringed with hairs; wing-membrane from the base of the toes. Fur similar in colour to that of K. hardwickii. Upper inner incisor long and unicuspidate; outer incisor very short, not half the length of the inner incisor; upper premolars nearly equal in vertical extent.
Length, head and body 1'95, tail 1-9, head 0'-75, ear 0'°6, tragus 0-4, forearm 1°55, thumb 0'"37, third finger 3'"2, fifth finger 2-25, tibia 0'°65, foot 0'°35.
Hab. Philippine Islands (Samar Island).
Type in the collection of the Berlin Museum.
13. KERIVOULA. 339 8. Kerivoula papuensis.
Slightly larger than KX. lanosa; ears as in K. hardwickii; no second emargination on the outer side of the ear-conch, but the tragus has a distinct rounded lobe at the base of its outer margin, which is succeeded by a horizontal notch opposite the base of its inner margin, not so deep as in A. jagorit.
Fur, above, dark brown, the terminal fourth of the hairs shining yellow ; beneath, paler brown, the extreme tips shining grey. On the upper surface the humerus is naked in its distal half, but the forearm is clothed with short appressed golden-yellow hairs, which also cover the thumb to the base of the claw and extend outwards along the second finger and upon the distal half of the middle finger; the wing- and interfemoral membranes are nearly naked, but the tail and the feet are clothed like the forearm, and a few hairs appear upon the legs ; the posterior margin of the interfemoral has a few fine hairs forming a thin fringe; beneath, the membranes and extremities are almost quite naked.
Upper inner incisors long and unicuspidate, outer incisors on each side very short, scarcely exceeding the cingulum of the inner incisor; all the lower incisors trifid and at right angles to the direction of the jaws; the incisors near the canines nearly as wide as the others, very different in shape from those of A. hardwickii; first upper premolar exceeding the second in vertical extent, but rather less than it in cross section at the base, and as long or nearly as long as the third premolar, which exceeds both teeth in transverse diameter.
Length, head and body about 1''8, tail 18, head 0'"7, ear 0'"65, tragus 0':4, forearm 1'°5, thumb 0'"35; third finger—metacarp. 1-45, 1st ph. 0-65, 2nd ph. 1"; fifth finger—metacarp. 1’:4, 1st ph. 0-45, 2nd ph. 0'"4; tibia 0°65, foot 0'°35.
Hab. New Guinea.
a. ad. sk. (type). Port Moresby, New Guinea. Rev. W. Y. Turner, a 9. Kerivoula @rosa.
Kerivoula serosa, Tomes, P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 333.
Ears rounded above, with a shallow emargination occupying the upper third of the outer margin of the ear-conch ; tragus long, tapering, and acutely pointed. ; Face moderately hairy; the side of the face, between the eye and the ear, and the chin nearly naked. The fur of the back does not extend upon the membranes, but the upper surfaces of the legs, feet, and heel-cartilages, of the tail, forearms, thumbs, and index fingers, and of the two terminal phalanges of the longest fingers are more or less clothed with short appressed shining hairs, thickest on the forearms and tail. The margin of the interfemoral membrane between the extremities of the calcanea and tail is sparingly furnished with Z2
340 VESPERTILIONID-¥.
short bristly hairs, very unlike the thick comb-like fringe of XK. lanosa.
The fur of all the upper parts is long, thick, and curly, and nearly uniform in colour over the whole of the back, varying only in becoming a little darker behind. The hairs are dark grey-brown at their bases and for three fourths their length, succeeded by yellowish brown, then by umber-brown, their extremities bronze-yellow, and this latter colour only prevails in the short hairs covering the extremities. Beneath, the fur is dark sepia-brown, tipped with brownish bronze.
Upper inner incisors long and pointed; outer incisors very small, scarcely visible without the aid of a lens. Upper canines long, strong, and angular ; first upper premolar also long and acutely pointed.
Length, head and body about 2”, tail 1’*7, head 0-7, ear 0'"¢, tragus 0'°35, forearm 1:45, thumb 0:35, third finger 2-85, fifth finger 2’"1, tibia 0'°6, foot 0°35, Hab. South Africa, eastern coast.
This species is known only from Mr. Tomes’s description, from which the above has been taken.
10. Kerivoula lanosa.
Vespertilio lanosus, Smith, Illustr. Zoology S. Africa, pl. 50. Kerivoula lanosa, Tomes, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 331.
? Kerivoula argentata, Tomes, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 32. Nycticejus nidicola, Kirk, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 650. Ears quite similar to those of K. picta, with the following exceptions :—The outer margin, in addition to the concavity beneath the tip, has a very small but distinct notch about the middle, and at the base internally, between the termination of the outer margin and the tragus, a small fleshy tooth-like elevation is placed, concealing the lobe at the base of the tragus (Plate XVII. figs. 5, 5 a). Tragus long, tapering, and very acutely pointed, as in K. picta, but a small circular lobe exists at the base of the outer margin, succeeded by an emargination which is bounded above by a projection from which the outer margin slopes evenly to the tip. Fur, above, dark brown at the base, then yellowish brown with reddish-brown tips; beneath, very pale yellowish brown or dirty white.
On the upper surface the wing-membrane is covered with long thinly-spread hairs as far as a line drawn from the middle of the humerus to the knee; the forearm and the thumb are covered with very short shining yellow hairs ; about half the interfemoral membrane is clothed with long hairs, which also extend along the legs to the backs of the feet, where, however, they become short and are more densely set; the remaining half of the interfemoral is quite naked, but the posterior margin of the caleaneum and margin of the interfemoral membrane on each side of the tail are edged with closely