63 teeth 2/3, the inner series of both upper and lower lip narrowly interrupted in the middle line.
Back and sides dark grey, marbled with umber splotches; ventral surface pearl-coloured, with splotches across the anterior part; muscular part of tail lighter than body, the crests whitish, with faint spots. Length 45 mm.
Habitat: Timorlaut islands! — Australia.
41. Hyla obtusirostris (Meyer).
Litoria obtusirostris Meyer, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1874, p. 139. Hyla obtusirostris Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 412. Vomerine teeth in two circular groups behind the level of the choanae. Head broad; snout obtuse; canthus rostralis very feeble; loreal region slightly concave; tympanum half the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers and toes rather large; fingers free; toes entirely webbed; heel reaching beyond the tip of the snout.
Skin finely warty.
Bluish grey above, the warts yellowish; light-coloured beneath. Length 37 mm.
Habitat: Jobi isl.
42. Hyla vagabunda Ptrs. & Dor.
Hyla vagabunda Peters e Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, XIII, 1878, p. 424, pl. VI, fig. 3. Hyla vagabunda Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 410. Tongue large, heart-shaped; vomerine teeth in two transverse groups between the choanae. Snout rounded, scarcely longer than the diameter of the eye; canthus rostralis more or less rounded; nostril near the tip of the snout; tympanum half the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers and toes moderate; fingers free; toes half webbed, the three terminal phalanges of fourth toe free.
Skin smooth above; belly and lower surface of thighs granulate; a very distinct fold across the chest. Blue above, speckled with blackish; a whitish line from the tip of the snout, along the canthus rostralis and the border of the upper eyelid, above the tympanum to the shoulder; whitish beneath; posterior surface of thighs spotted with brown. Length 37 mm.
Male with a vocal sac.
Probably based on young specimens.
Habitat: Ceram; New Guinea (Sorong).
64 43. Hyla nasuta (Gray).
Pelodytes nasutus Gray, Zool. miscell., London, 1831, p. 56. Hyla nasuta Keferstein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., XXXIV, I, 1868, p. 277, pl. VI, fig. 16. Hyla nasuta Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 415. Lyla Semoni Boettger, Jen. Denkschr., VIII, 1894, p. 112, pl. V, figs. 1 a—d. Hyla nasuta v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 1, 1909, p. 35. Habit very slender. Tongue subcircular or suboval, nicked behind; vomerine teeth in two transverse or slightly oblique series between the choanae. Head longer than broad; snout acutely pointed, prominent, longer than the upper eyelid ana nearly twice the length of the eye, which is equal to the depth of the snout; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region oblique, concave; nostril equidistant from the tip of the snout and the’ orbit; interorbital space a little broader than the ae :
ogni Earn Fig. 6. Hyla nasuta (Gray), X 1.
upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, */, to ?/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers and toes with very small disks; first finger extending a little beyond second, which is much shorter than fourth; fingers free; third toe hardly longer than fifth; toes half webbed, the terminal phalanx of third and fifth and the three last phalanges of fourth toe being free; subarticular tubercles well developed; a small, oval, inner, and a very small, round, outer metatarsal tubercle; a distinct tarsal fold;. the heel reaches far beyond the tip of the snout; tibia */, to 3/, the length of head and body.
Skin of back with narrow longitudinal ridges; a fold above the tympanum; a distinct oblong gland at each side behind
4 05 the edge of the mouth; belly and posterior surface of thighs granular; a cross-fold between the shoulders usually present. Brownish or olive above, uniform or with dark markings arranged in longitudinal bands, and a light streak along each side of the middle of the back; loreal and temporal regions and sides of body black, posterior surface of thighs white, black spotted, or with black longitudinal bars; beneath whitish, throat and part of belly sometimes brownish. From snout to vent 48 mm.
Male with an internal subgular vocal sac and during the breeding season an 8-shaped copulatory excrescence on the first finger.
Habitat: New Guinea (Kamali; Merauke!). — N.- and E.- Australia!
44. Hyla(?) dorsalis (Macl.).
Litoria dorsalis Macleay, Proc, Linn. Soc. N.-S.-Wales, II, 1878, p. 138. Litoria dorsalis Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 337. Litoria dorsalis Fry, Mem. Queensland Mus., II, 1913, p. 49. Elongate. Tongue not notched behind. Vomerine teeth in two very oblique, short series between the choanae. Snout pointed, projecting; nostril in a lateral depression, close to the tip of the snout. Fingers and toes with well defined roundish disks; toes webbed at the base.
Skin smooth above, of belly granular.
Dark above, with a broad whitish band from the snout to the vent; yellowish beneath, much clouded with brown on throat and ‘chest. Length’ 9: , lines’.
Habitat: New Guinea (Katow).
4. Fam. BUFONIDAE.
Jaws toothless. Diapophyses of the sacral vertebra dilated. Terminal phalanges of fingers and toes obtuse or T-shaped, not claw-shaped.
Omosternum absent, or reduced and cartilaginous; sternum rarely ossified. Vertebrae procoelous. No ribs. Os coccygis articulating by two (rarely one) condyles. Distribution: cosmopolitan, except the eastern part of the Indo-Australian Archipelago, Polynesia and Madagascar. INDO-AUSTRALIA™M AMPHIBIA. 5
66 Synopsis ‘of-the Genera.
A. Nostrils lateral.
lshineersiwebbed-y wee tann dee (et ebek « tabeite do ae ye 1. Nectophryne p. 66. lon hs (ph 2 Ba fosps 72.
ZB. Nostrils directed upwards, on upper surface of snout. 3. Pseudobufo p. 92. MW Wns) WG oc Clot op odremee Che Gric oucls I. Nectophryne Buchh. & Ptrs.
(BucHHOLZ und Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin (1875), 1876, p. 202). Pupil horizontal. Tongue elliptical, entire, free behind. No vomerine teeth. Nostrils lateral. Fingers and toes webbed, the tips dilated. Outer metatarsals united. No omosternum; sternum cartilaginous. Diapophyses of sacral vertebra strongly dilated. Terminal phalanges T-shaped. Distribution: Malay Peninsula; western part of the Indo- Australian Archipelago; Africa.
Synopsis of the Spec es:
Arelihind stinperg tral herve pects sane trans) 2 acl n cielo 1. VV. misera p. 66. ZB. Fingers at most !/, webbed.
I. Heel not reaching the tip of the snout. Ta ON, vensaibiollal ykeSoalinng Go colo tomo on so 6 2. WV. hosit p. 67. 2. No tarsal fold.
a. Diameter of tympanum less than that of the eye. Two metatarsal tubercles.
a. Fingers webbed at the base, first 2/3 the lenathsotssecondieaaucncetpueieieucnatime3.WV.everettip.68. @. Fingers '/, webbed, first hardly half as Hoya¥esVSNaeapeKslsGayyegedGaoldeaaGapdec4.WV.guentherip.68. d, Diameter of tympanum equal to that of the eyesOneumetatarsaluntibenclewememeneymellls5.WV.macrotisp.69. Il. Heel reaching at least the tip of the snout. 1. Tympanum very distinct, ?/, the width of the eye. 6. WV. signata p. 70. 2. Tympanum more or less distinct, about !/, to !/y inte) SRAKEhIe Opi NS GS o Be o os obo Oo 45 7. NV. borbonica p. 70 3. Tympanum hidden or absent.
Qe Camebuys LOStralis man oulal sc) eee iene 8. WV. maculata p. 71. Cm@anthus)TOStralismapSeniyo.uchcet-nieMeansteag.WV.picturatap.72. I. Nectophryne misera Mocq.
Nectophryne misera Mocquard, Nouv. Arch. Mus, d’Hist. nat., (3) II, 1899, p. 161, pl. XI, fig. 7, and: Le Naturaliste, (2) XII, 1890, p. 182. Nectophryne misera Roux, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1906, I, p. 59.
67 ‘Habit rather slender. Head small; snout short, as long as the eye; canthus rostralis distinct ; loreal region almost vertical ; nostril near the tip of the snout; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, about */, diameter of eye. Fingers much depressed, fingers and toes with small disks; inner finger rudimentary; fingers entirely webbed, except the third, which is half webbed; the three inner toes webbed to the tips; no subarticular tubercles; a rounded, father large outer metatarsal tubercle, no inner one; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches the tympanum, sometimes a little beyond or not quite so far.
Upper parts with inequal warty tubercles, the largest ones in the middle of the back and on the sides, the latter arranged in two series between the eye and the sacrum; lower parts smooth or granular, the belly with tubercles. _ Olive-brown above; beneath lighter, or the belly black, marbled with greyish white. From snout to vent 23 mm. Habitat: Borneo (Paka Paka, Mt. Kina Balu, 3000 m.). 2. Nectophryne hosii Blegr.
Nectophryne hosii Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892, p. 508, pl. XXX, fig. 2. Nectophryne hosii Roux, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1906, I, p. 59, pl. II, fig. 1. Nectophryne hosii Boulenger, Vert. Fauna Malay Penins., Rept. and Batr., London, 1912, p. 268.
Habit stout. Head broader than long; snout truncate, short; canthus rostralis strong; loreal region nearly vertical, concave; interorbital space twice as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, vertically oval, about half the diameter of the eye. Fore limb long and strong; fingers much depressed, the tips broad and truncate; disks of toes a little smaller than those of fingers; first finger shorter than second; fingers webbed at the base, the web extending as a margin to the tips; toes extensively webbed, but the three distal phalanges of the fourth toe free; subarticular tubercles small, feebly prominent; two flat metatarsal tubercles, the inner one largest; a tarsal fold; the heel reaches the tympanum or the eye, the tarso-metatarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout; or not quite so far.
Above with small scattered warts, beneath finely granulate; a short and narrow, but very prominent parotoid gland. Male uniform brown, with indistinct spots or cross-bands
68 on the limbs, or dark brown with lighter markings, which may form indistinct, coarse vermiculations; belly brown or whitish; throat dark brown or blackish. Female black above, with bright yellow spots or vermiculations, or greenish olive with bright chrome-yellow round spots on the sides and beneath. From snout to vent o' 65, 9 98 mm.
Male with an internal subgular vocal sac.
Eggs laid in long strings.
Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Dulit; Lawas, Brunei; Akar riv.; Serawak riv.; Tandjung). — Malay Peninsula.
3. Nectophryne everetti Blgr.
Nectophryne Everetti Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XVII, 1896, p. 450. Nectophryne everetti Roux, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1906, I, p. 61, pl. UU, fig. 2. Head small, as long as broad; snout obliquely truncate, prominent, short; canthus rostralis strong ; loreal region vertical ; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum moderately distinct, '/, the diameter of the eye. Fore limb nearly as long as the distance between the eye and the vent; fingers feebly dilated and truncate at the end, tips of toes scarcely dilated; first finger ?/, the length of second; fingers webbed at the base; toes nearly entirely webbed; two very indistinct metatarsal tubercles; the heel reaches the eye or between eye and tympanum.
Upper parts with scattered, small, horny tubercles; lower parts smooth.
Olive-green above, with large, insuliform, reddish-brown, black-edged spots; limbs with reddish-brown cross-bars; upper lip whitish, with reddish-brown vertical bars; dirty white beneath, throat and breast marbled with grey. From snout to vent 33 mm.
Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Kina Balu; Mt. Penrissen). 4. Nectophryne guentheri Blgr.
Nectophryne guentheri Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 280, pl. XVIII, fig. 3.
Pedostibes guentheri Giinther, Novit. Zool., II, 1895, p. 501. Nectophryne exigua Boettger, Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., XXV, 1901, p. 394. Nectophryne guentheri Roux, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1906, I, p. 62. Nectophryne guentheri Boulenger, Vert. Fauna Malay Penins., Rept. and Batr., London, 1912, p. 268.
69 Habit slender. Snout obliquely truncate; loreal region vertical; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, '/, to °/, the diameter of the eye (in young specimens smaller). Fore limb as long as the distance between tympanum and vent; tips of fingers and toes dilated, truncate; fingers much depressed, the first rudimentary, hardly half as long as the second; fingers '/, webbed, the web extending as a margin to the tips; web between the toes extending to the tips, but deeply emarginate; subarticular tubercles small; two flat metatarsal tubercles; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout, or not so far, the tarso-metatarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout, or beyond.
Skin with small tubercles.
Olive-brown above, spotted with yellow and blackish; lower parts yellowish, throat and belly spotted with brown and blackish. From snout to vent 30 mm.
Habitat: Mentawei islands (Sipora); Sumatra (Sandaran Agung, 745 m., in Kurintji valley); Natuna islands (Serasan); Borneo (Baram riv.; Matan). — Malay Peninsula; Singapore; Philippines ').
5. Nectophryne macrotis Bler.
Nectophryne macrotis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XVI, 1895, p. 171. Nectophryne macrotis Roux, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1906, I, p. 63, pl. Il, fig. 3. Head small, a little longer than broad; snout prominent, obliquely truncate, short; canthus rostralis strong; loreal region vertical; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, as large as and close to the eye. Fore limb as long as the distance between the eye and the vent; fingers dilated and truncate at the end; tips of toes less strongly dilated; first finger very short, half as long as second; fingers webbed at the base; toes 3/, webbed; a flat inner metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the posterior border of the eye.
Above with scattered small warts, irregular in size; beneath granulate.
Olive above, spotted with black; some of the warts red; 1) According to De Elera, Catalogo Sist. de toda la Fauna de Filipinas, I, 1895,Pp.451.
7O limbs barred with black; yellowish beneath, much spotted with black. From snout to vent 28 mm.
Habitat: Borneo (Akar riv., in Serawak).
6. Nectophryne signata Bler.
Nectophryne signata Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1894, p. 645, pl. XL, fig. 1. Habit slender. Snout prominent, obliquely truncate; loreal region vertical; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, ?/, the diameter of the eye. Fore limb as long as the distance between eye and vent; fingers dilated and truncate at the end; disks of the toes smaller than those of the fingers; first finger very short, half as long as second; fingers webbed at the base; toes */, webbed ; two small metatarsal tubercles; the heel reaches the tip of the snout.
Above with small scattered warts of unequal size; belly granular.
Olive above, with black spots surrounding an X-shaped light marking on the back; limbs yellowish, barred with black; whitish beneath, spotted with black. From snout to vent 15 mm. Habitat: Borneo (Rabong mt., Kapuas district). 7. Nectophryne borbonica (Boie).
Hylaplesia borbonica (Kuhl et v. Hass.), Schlegel, Isis, XX, 1827, p. 294 (nomen nudum).
Hylaplesia borbonica (Boie), Tschudi, Mém, Soc. Sc. nat. Neuchatel, 1], 1839, p. 70. Bufo borbonicus paxt., Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 286. Bufo borbonicus Worst, Notes Leyden Mus., V, 1883, p. 236. Nectophryne sumatrana v. Kampen, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indié, LXIX, 1910, D> WG lls ste Ie Nectophryne borbonica v. Kampen, Notes Leyden Mus,, XXXIV, 191112, p. 75. Habit slender. Head as broad as long; snout projecting, shorter than the upper eyelid, as deep as long; canthus rostralis angular, straight or feebly curved; loreal region vertical, almost flat; nostril nearer the tip of the snout than the eye; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum more or less distinct, about '/, to 1/, diameter of eye, close to the latter. Tips of fingers and toes swollen, those of the toes a little more than those of the fingers; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; fingers very slightly, toes narrowly webbed; subarticular tubercles well developed, single;