31 broader than long; snout rounded, as long as the orbit; canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region very oblique, slightly concave; nostril near the end of the snout; interorbital space twice the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, */, the diameter of the eye. Disks nearly as large as the tympanum ; fingers nearly entirely, toes entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles feeble; heel reaching the tip of the snout. Skin smooth, finely granulate on the head, coarsely on the belly and under the thighs; deep wrinkles form an areolation on each side of the anterior part of the body; an outer tarsal fold. Bright green above, yellowish white beneath; hand and arm, tarsus and foot, and upper eyelid with a white edge; arm and thigh colourless, the latter with a narrow green band in the middle. From snout to vent 52 mm.
Habitat: Northern British New Guinea, 275 m.
5. Hyla bernsteini Horst.
Hyla bernsteini Horst, Notes Leyden Mus., V, 1883, p. 241. Hyla mystax v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, V, pt. 1, 1906, p. 173, pl. VI, fig. 6 (head). Tongue oblong, nicked and little free behind; vomerine teeth in two short series or circular groups between the choanae, or absent. Head as long as broad; snout rounded, vertically truncate, shorter than the upper eyelid, longer than deep; canthus rostralis distinct, obtuse; loreal region oblique, slightly concave; nostril close to the tip of the snout; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, '/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of outer fingers nearly as large, or as large as the tympanum, of toes smaller; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; fingers broadly webbed, the web usually reaching the second and fourth, and nearly the outer border of third disk, first finger nearly free; third and fifth toe of equal length; toes nearly entirely webbed, the web reaching second, third and fifth disk and nearly fourth; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles moderate, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the nostril or the tip of the snout.
Skin smooth or feebly granulate above; belly and lower surface of thighs strongly granulate; a feeble ridge along the outer edge of fore-arm, hand and fourth finger, and another along that of tarsus and fifth toe; no fold across the chest; an
32 indistinct fold above the tympanum; sometimes a transverse dermal ridge below the vent.
Colour (in spirit) blue or bluish above, immaculate or dotted with dark blue; posterior surface of thigh and inner surface of tibia blackish; a white streak along the upper jaw from below the eye to the angle of the mouth or the shoulder; the dermal ridges white; yellowish beneath. Length 37 mm. Type specimen (from Gebe isl.) in the Leiden Museum examined.
Habitat: Gebe isl.!; Salawati; New Guinea (Moaif riv.!). 6. Hyla eucnemis Lonnb.
Hyla eucnemis Lonnberg, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) VI, 1900, p. 579. Tongue broadly heart-shaped, nicked and free behind; vomerine teeth in two large and confluent groups, behind the level of the choanae. Head large, about as broad as long; snout subtriangular, truncate, longer than the orbit; canthus rostralis very distinct, curved; loreal region concave; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, about ?/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers about as large as the tympanum; the three outer fingers extensively webbed, the web reaching the disks of the second and fourth; toes entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles well developed; the heel reaches just beyond the eye.
Upper surfaces very minutely, belly and lower surfaces of thighs coarsely granulate; throat covered with scattered warts; a series of similar warts along the margin of the lower jaw; a glandular fold above the tympanum; a well-developed denticulated fringe along the outer side of the fore-arm and the outer finger; a similar fringe along the outer side of the tarsus and the outer toe; heel with a triangular dermal appendage ; some smaller dermal flaps near the vent.
Colour (in spirit) dark plum above, uniform, with the exception of some very indistinct cross-bands on the hind legs; light below. From snout to vent 67 mm.
Habitat: New Guinea (Sattelberg, +800 m.).
7. Hyla obsoleta Lonnb.
Hyla obsoleta Lonnberg, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) VI, 1900, p. 580. Tongue nicked and free behind; vomerine teeth in two small groups between the choanae. Snout subtriangular, trun-
33 cate, longer than the diameter of the eye; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region concave; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; no tympanum. Disks about half the diameter of the eye; fingers webbed at the base, toes nearly entirely webbed; the heel reaches beyond the tip of the snout. Minutely granulate above; a fold from the eye to the axilla, another across the throat; belly and lower side of thighs granulate; a slight dermal fold with a row of tubercles along the outer side of the fore-arm; a less pronounced series of tubercles along the outer side of the tarsus; heel with a short dermal appendage. From snout to vent 34 mm.
Dark brown above, light below.
Perhaps the young of //. montana.
Habitat: New Guinea (Simbang, 50 m.).
8. Hyla montana Ptrs. & Dor.
fyla (Litoria) montana Peters e Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, XIII, 1878, p. 423, elo” WALES ater ag fyla montana Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 385. Hyla papua v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 1, 1909, p. 33, pl. II, fig. 2. > Hyla pulchra Wandolleck, Abh. Zool. Mus. Dresden, XIII, N°. 6, 1911, p. 12, figs.50—59.
fyla papua v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 3, 1913, p. 455, pl. XI, fig. 1 (tadpole).
Tongue subcircular, nicked and slightly free behind; vomerine teeth in two short transverse series between the large choanae. Head broader than long; snout rounded, vertically truncate, as long as the upper eyelid, longer than deep; canthus rostralis angular, curved; loreal region very oblique, concave; nostril close to the tip of the snout; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid (as broad as the upper eyelid in the young); tympanum distinct, about °/; diameter of eye. Disks of fingers and toes moderate, of second to fourth finger larger, of first finger smaller than tympanum, of toes smaller than those of fingers; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; web between the first and second finger only at the base, the other fingers '/, to '/, webbed; third and fifth toes of equal length; toes webbed to the disks, the two distal phalanges of the fourth toe being included only by a narrow fold; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes well developed, the distal ones heart-shaped; an oblong inner, and INDO-AUSTRALIAN AMPHIBIA. 3
34 a very small, roundish outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches beyond tip of snout; tibia ?/, length of head and body. Skin smooth above, granular on the head; a fold above the tympanum; belly and lower surface of thighs granulate; a dermal ridge along the outer side of the fore-arm and the fourth finger, and along that of the tarsus and the fifth toe; some large granules below the vent; a small triangular dermal appendage at the heel sometimes present.
Olive-brown (in life yellowish green) above; yellow beneath, sometimes dotted with brown; the inner fingers and the inner toes orange yellow; the dermal ridges whitish; limbs with indistinct dark cross-bars. Length 75 mm.
Male with an internal vocal sac.
Tadpole. — Length of body nearly once and a half its width; tail but little longer than the body, about twice and a half as long as deep, and but little deeper than its muscular portion at the base. Nostril about twice nearer the eye than the tip of the snout; eyes superior, nearer the spiraculum than the tip of the snout; distance between them a little greater than that between the nostrils; spiraculum sinistral, directed upwards and backwards, visible from above and from below, much nearer the vent than the tip of the snout; vent median. Tail with rounded tip; the crests not extending on to the body.
Mouth ventral, very large, nearly as broad and almost half as long as the body; lips without papillae; upper jaw with two short black streaks, lower with a single one; series of teeth 2/3, all series about equal in length; in the lower lip they are placed close to the mouth, the largest part of the lip being toothless. Brown above, colourless below; tail brown, with three colourless, dark-bordered cross-bars, the posterior one including the tip of the tail. Length 29 mm.
Habitat: New Guinea (Hatam, Arfak mts.; Pomora riv., +760 m.!; Torricelli mts.?; Gerekanumu, Astrolabe Range ; Sattelberg; Lorentz riv.!; Van der Sande riv.!; Went mts., 1050 m.!; Utakwa riv.; Setekwa riv.).
Hyla spec. ?
Hyla sp., v. Kampen, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., XXXVII, 1914, p. 370. Tadpole. — Differing from that of HY. montana in the following points:
55 Tail somewhat longer. Mouth a little shorter, bordered by a series of short papillae; an other series of very short and broad papillae on each lip around the series of teeth; both jaws with two black streaks. Tail without light cross-bars. Habitat: New Guinea (Bougainville mts., + 500 m.!). 9. Hyla rueppelli Bttg.
flyla rueppelli Boettger, Zool. Anz., XVIII, 1895, p. 137. Hyla rueppelli Boettger, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges., XXV, 1901, p. 373, pl. XVI, figs. 12—I2¢.
Tongue oval, slightly nicked and little free behind; vomerine teeth in two small, roundish groups on a level with the posterior borders of the choanae. Snout rounded, truncate, as long as the orbit; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region oblique, slightly concave; nostril close to the tip of the snout; interorbital space much broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, about '/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers and toes as large as or somewhat larger than the tympanum; three outer fingers about '/, to */, webbed; web between the two inner fingers only at the base; toes nearly entirely webbed ; subarticular tubercles feeble; the heel reaches the tip of the snout or a little beyond.
Skin smooth above; a strong fold from the eye to the shoulder; belly and lower surface of thighs strongly granulate; heel often with an indistinct light-coloured roundish tubercle. Upper parts in life yellow above, sometimes powdered with blackish; in spirit yellowish, greyish or blackish brown, uniform or spotted and marbled with lighter, sometimes light grey with two indistinct, darker, rhombic spots on head and back; usually an indistinct lighter spot on the upper lip, or the whole upper lip yellowish, powdered and spotted with blackish ; greyish white beneath. Length 48 mm.
Male with an internal subgular vocal sac and during the breading season a copulatory excrescence on the outer side of the first finger.
Habitat: Halmahera.
10. Hyla fallax Bler.
? Hyperolius pygmaeus Meyer, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1874, p. 132. Fiylella boulengert v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XX, 1897, p. 414, pl. X, fig. $ (non:ScyfopisboulengeriCope).
36 Hyla fallax Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1898, p. 482, pl. XXXIX, fig. 4. Hyla boulengert vy. Kampen, Nova Guinea, V, pt. 1, 1906, p. 175. Lyla boulengeri v. Kampen, Zool, Jahrb., Syst., XX XVII, 1914, p. 367. Hyla fallax Boulenger, Transact. Zool. Soc. London, XX, pt. 5, 1914, p. 248. Tongue subcircular, entire or slightly nicked and little free behind; vomerine teeth in two small, nearly circular groups on a level with the posterior borders of the choanae, absent in the young. Head broader than long; snout rounded, vertically truncate, as long as the eye, longer than deep; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region very oblique, concave; nostril nearer tip of snout than eye; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, “/5 to -4/5 the: diameter of the eye. Disks of second to fourth finger about as large as the tympanum, of first finger and of toes a little smaller; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; outer fingers almost half webbed, the web reaching the penultimate subarti- Fig. 4. Hyla fallax Blgr..X1. cular tubercles; third and fifth toe equal in length; toes nearly enttrely webbed, the web reaching the disks of third and fifth one; subarticular tubercles and inner metatarsal tubercle feeble, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout or to the tip of the snout; tibia half length of head and body, or a little more. Skin smooth above and on the throat, granular on the belly. Yellowish-brown above, whitish beneath, lower surface of thighs lemon yellow. Young specimens are purplish-brown above, with large white spots on the head and an often more or less discontinuous, white band on each side of the back; lower surfaces white or yeilowish brown; limbs brownish, with white dots or transverse bars. Length 36 mm. : Male with a subgular vocal sac.
Perhaps identical with 7. rueppell.
Habitat: New Guinea (Jamur lake!; Mamberamo riv.!; Van Rees mts.!; Humboldt bay!; Timena riv.!; Friedrich Wilhelmshafen ; Katow; Digul riv.!; Lorentz riv.!; Setekwa riv.); Jobi isl.?
a7 11. Hyla brachypus (Wern.).
Hylella brachypus Werner, Zool. Anz., XXI, 1898, p. 554. Hylella brachypus Vogt, Sitzungsb. Ges. naturf. Fr., Berlin, 1911, p. 427. Tongue oblong, entire; no vomerine teeth. Snout as long as the orbit; canthus rostralis rounded, but distinct; loreal region nearly vertical; nostril close to the tip of the snout; interorbital space once and a half to almost twice the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum not very distinct, '/, the diameter of the eye. Disks larger than the tympanum; fingers "/,, toes */, webbed; the heel reaches the posterior border of the tympanum.
Smooth, only the belly granulate.
Brown above; grey or white below, the throat sometimes finely mottled; in life the upper parts are blackish brown or olive green, the lower parts greenish yellow. Length 22 mm. Habitat: New Guinea (Sattelberg); Bismarck arch. 12. Hyla ouwensi Barb.
Hyla ouwensii Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél. Harvard Coll., LI, 1908, p. 325. Hyla ouwensii Barbour, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél. Harvard Coll., XLIV, 1912, DoYlTallyWallinSaezAy.
No vomerine teeth. Head short; loreal region rather concave ; tympanum about '/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers °/,, toes */, webbed; the heel reaches far beyond the tip of the snout. Skin of back rough; belly with very many small tubercles, largest and most abundant about the anal region. Upper parts greyish, vermiculated and blotched with blue (green in life); throat white, belly and lower surface of hind limbs yellowish. Length +38 mm.
Probably based on young individuals, and hardly distinguishable from 7. atropunctata.
Eiabitat: Jobi isl.
13. Hyla atropunciata nomen novum ').
Hyperolius nigropunctatus Meyer, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1874, p. 139. Hylella nigropunctata Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p.’421. > Hylella solomonis Sternfeld, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges,, XXXVI, 1918, p. 436, pl. XXXI, fig. Io.
1) Hyla nigropunctata is preoccupied (Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 366).
38 Tongue slightly notched behind; no vomerine teeth. Head as long as broad; snout rounded, as long as the upper eyelid, not much longer than deep; canthus rostralis obtuse, but distinct; loreal region slightly oblique, concave; nostril a little nearer tip of snout than eye; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, '/, to '/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of three outer fingers as large as the tympanum, those of first finger and of toes smaller; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; outer fingers almost half webbed, first finger nearly free; third and fifth toe equal in length; toes about 7/, webbed, two phalanges of fourth and one phalanx of third and fifth toe being free; subarticular tubercles distinct, single; no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the tip of the Ssmout or beyond; tibia more than half the length of head and body.
Coarsely granular above; an indistinct fold above the tympanum; belly and lower surface of thighs granulate. Bluish violet, dotted with blackish, above; upper arm and inner fingers and toes colourless; hind limbs with black crossbars or transverse series of blackish dots; colourless beneath, sides of throat sometimes blackish. Length 27 mm. The specimens from New Guinea and Jobi may be young individuals of H. zxfrafrenata, those from the Solomon islands perhaps of A. mzlitarza.
Habitat: New Guinea (Sattelberg?; Van der Sande riv. !); Jobi; Solomon islands?
14. Hyla longicrus (Blgr.).
Hyletla longicrus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) VIII, 1911, p. 56. Tongue subcircular, slightly nicked; no vomerine teeth. Head as broad as long; snout rounded, scarcely prominent, shorter than the orbit; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region oblique, concave; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, not quite half the diameter of the eye. Disks of the fingers as large as the tympanum; outer fingers half, toes nearly entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles very feeble; the heel reaches far beyond the tip of the snout; tibia */, the length of head and body.
Smooth or finely areolate above; belly and base of lower surface of thighs granulate; throat smooth; no fold across the chest.