103 longer than deep; canthus rostralis distinct, straight; loreal region vertical, concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum nearly as large as the eye, rarely hidden under the granulate skin. Tips of fingers and toes blunt or slightly swollen; first finger a little shorter than second, which is longer than fourth; third toe longer than fifth; toes half or nearly half webbed; subarticular tubercles very prominent; two more or less distinct rounded metatarsal tubercles; the tarso- Fig. 12. Calophrynus pleurostigma S. Mill., X 1. metatarsal articulation reaches the shoulder or the eye; tibia */, the length of head and body.
Skin of the back smooth or granular, very thick, glandular ; belly and lower surfaces of thighs coarsely granular; a more or less distinct lateral fold, commencing from the eye. Brown, black or reddish, usually with round, black spots or a large, hour-glass shaped spot above; usually a large dark spot, sometimes bordered with white, in the loin; at each side a light stripe, dark edged beneath, from tip of snout to thigh; limbs with or without dark cross-bars; yellowish beneath, throat and breast sometimes marbled with black. From snout to vent 47 mm.
Male with an internal vocal sac.
Habitat: Sumatra (Deli!; Agam; Padang!; Palembang’); Natuna islands; Borneo (Baram riv.; Mt. Dulit; Seberuang riv. ;
104 Meratus mts.; Pagat, distr. Batangalai; Semberrah riv.!). — S.-China; Burma; Tonkin; Siam; Malay Peninsula, up to goo m.; Singapore; Philippines ').
2. Calophrynus heterochirus Bler.
Calophrynus heterochirus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900, p. 186 pl. XVII, fig. 4.
?
Tongue large, pyriform, covering the floor of the mouth. Snout truncate, slightly prominent, very short; canthus rostralis strong; loreal region nearly vertical; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum feebly distinct, about ?/, the diameter of the eye. Tips of fingers and toes bluntly pointed; first and second fingers very short, not half the length of third, fourth shorter still, almost reduced to a knob; toes short, third longer than fifth; toes '/, webbed; subarticular tubercles and the two metatarsal tubercles feebly prominent; the heel reaches the eye.
Skin smooth.
Uniform purplish brown above, yellowish white beneath and on the sides of the head; a few large round yellowish-white spots on the lumbar region and on the back of the thighs. From snout to vent 27 mm.
Eggs large.
Habitat: Borneo.
3. Calophrynus punctatus Ptrs.
Calophrynus punctatus Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1871, p. 579. Calophrynus punctatus Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 158. Calophrynus punctatus Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) XIV, 1895, p. 617. Fingers and toes remarkably short; fourth finger extending as far as second; third toe not extending beyond fifth. _ Dark brown, punctated with black above. Length 27 mm. Habitat: Mentawei islands (Sipora); Borneo (Serawak). 3. Sphenophryne Ptrs. et Dor.
tigen (PETERS e Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, XIII, 1878, p. 430). Chaperina Mocquard, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 194. Austrochaperina Fry, Rec. Australian Mus., IX, N°. 1, 1912, p. 87. a) According to Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1871, p. 579 (perhaps C. stellatus Stejn.?).
105 Pupil horizontal. Tongue entire or feebly nicked, and free behind. Palate toothless. One or two transverse dermal ridges across the palate, in front of the pharynx. Tympanum distinct or hidden. Fingers. free, toes free or webbed at the base, with disks. Outer metatarsals united.
Procoracoids and clavicles present, the latter reaching the scapulae; no omosternum. Terminal phalanges T-shaped. Distribution: Borneo; Philippines; New Guinea; northern Queensland.
Sy mopsis, ofthetS pecies:
A. Disks of fingers larger than those of toes .... 1. S. cornuta p. 105. #4, Disks of toes larger than those of fingers. I. Snout not longer than the eye.
1. The heel reaches to between eye and tip OfSnOUlbycosSycteysteelsalesCaneMENseelas2WHLOSSEsDaLO}. 2. The heel reaches the tympanum or the eye. 3. S. macrorhyncha p. 107. 3. The heel does not reach the tympanum .. 4. S. polysticta p. 108. II. Snout longer than the eye.
1. Lympanum’ distinct. 5. ./cis.. eee we iso" 5. S. fusca p. 109. 2, Iixpmppninin MoSoMs ASA 555 Ao HAS 6. S. deyert p. 110. I. Sphenophryne cornuta Ptrs. & Dor.
Cornufer unicofor part., Tschudi, Mém. Soc. Sc. nat. Neuchatel, II, 1839, p- 28, 711).
Sphenophryne cornuta Peters e Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, XIII, 1878, p. 430, pl. VII, fig. 4.
Sphenophryne cornuta Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 157. Chaperina ceratophthalmus v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 1, 1909, p. 43, pl. IJ, fig. 8.
“Sphenophryne cornuta Wandolleck, Abh, Zool. Mus, Dresden, XIII, N% 6, 1911 p- 4, figs. I—9.
Chaperina ceratophthalmus vy. Kampen, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., XX XVII, 1914, p. 378. ?>Chaperina friedericii Sternfeld, Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., XXXVI, 1918 P- 435, pl. XXXI, fig. 8.
’ z) Tongue entire or slightly nicked behind; a denticulated dermal ridge across the palate, and sometimes a median tubercle in front of it. Head as long as broad; snout pointed, projecting, as long as or a little longer than the upper eyelid and much longer than deep; canthus rostralis angular; loreal region vertical, nearly flat; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout 1) I examined the specimen in the Leiden Museum, mentioned by Tschudi,
106 than to the eye; interorbital space 1'/, to 2 times as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum more or less distinct, '/, to */, the diameter of the eye. Second to fourth fingers with large disks (diameter of that of third finger */, of, to equal to that of the tympanum), first finger only swollen at the tip; disks of toes smaller than those of fingers; first finger much shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; third toe longer than fifth; toes with a very rudimentary web; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles flat or very indistinct, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the eye or to between the eye and the tip of the snout; tibia about half length of head and body.
Smooth or finely granulate above; often a small pointed flap on the margin of the upper eyelid and another one at the Le Fig. 13. Sphenophryne cornuta Pts. & Dor., X 1. heel; a series of small tubercles along the outer side of the tarsus and the fore-arm; beneath with small, scattered, rounded tubercles.
Brown above, sometimes spotted and marbled with blackish ; beneath lighter, sometimes vermiculated with dark, and with an irregular dark longitudinal streak on the throat; a fine light mediodorsal and medioventral line may be present. Length 41 mm.
Clavicles strongly curved.
Eggs large (ovarial eggs 3,5 mm. in diameter). Habitat: New Guinea (Samson riv.; Mt. Kohari, +600 m.!; Sangke riv.!; Pomora riv., +760 m.!; Torricelli mts., 650—700 m.; Vikaiku, St. Joseph riv.; Lorentz riv., 40 m.!; Went mts., 800 m.!; Hellwig mts., goo to +2500 m.!; Setekwa riv.).
107 2. Sphenophryne klossi Bler.
Sphenophryne klossi Boulenger, Transact. Zool. Soc. London, XX, pt. 5, 1914, p. 251, pl. XXVII, figs. 3—30.
Tongue entire. Head broader than long; snout obtusely pointed, projecting and obliquely truncate, as long as the eye; canthus rostralis strong; loreal region moderately oblique, slightly concave; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum moderately distinct, about */, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers very small, of toes a little larger; first finger shorter than second; toes free; subarticular and metatarsal tubercles not very prominent; the heel reaches to between the eye and the tip of the snout. Smooth, with a few small warts above and two chevronshaped fine glandular ridges on the scapular region, pointing towards each other (> <);-a narrow glandular fold from behind the eye to the side of the body; a fine glandular ridge along the middle of the back.
Yellow above, with an interrupted blackish bar between the eyes, another, A-shaped, on the scapular region, and a third on the sacral region; loreal and temporal regions blackish brown, this shade sometimes continued to the side of the body below the glandular lateral fold; limbs with dark brown cross-bars; hinder side of thighs blackish brown; lower parts white, throat and lower surface of hind limbs mottled with brown; a fine white line from the tip of the snout to the gular region. From snout to vent 42 mm.
Dr. Boulenger informs me, that in this species a slender clavicle, reaching the scapula, is present.
Habitat: New Guinea (Setekwa riv.).
3. Sphenophryne macrorhyncha (v. Kamp.).
Chaperina macrorhyncha and basipalmata v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, V, pt. 1, 1906, p. 168, 169, pl. VI, figs. 3—5.
Chaperina macrorhyncha v. Kampen, ibid., IX, pt. 1, 1909, p. 43. ? Sphenophryne schlaginhaufeni Wandolleck, Abh. Zool. Mus, Dresden, XIII, N°. 6, IQII, p. 5, figs. Io—1I7.
? Chaperina quatuorlobata Wandolleck, ibid., p. 9, figs. 36—46. Chaperina punctata and basipalmata vy. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 3, 1913, p. 463, 464, pl. XI, fig. 7.
Chaperina basipalmata and punctata v. Kampen, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., XX XVII, 1914, p. 377, 378.
Tongue entire or feebly nicked behind; a denticulated dermal
108 ridge across the palate, between the tubae, and in front of it another smooth one, which may be substituted by one or three tubercles or be entirely absent. Head a little broader than long; snout more or less pointed, projecting, about as long as or shorter than the upper eyelid, and longer than deep; canthus rostralis obtuse; loreal region nearly vertical, feebly concave; nostril equally distant from tip of snout and eye; interorbital space as broad as to twice the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum hidden or feebly distinct, '/, to ?/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers and toes with distinct disks, those of toes a little larger than those of fingers, the largest one at most as large as the tympanum; disk of first finger smaller than the other ones; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; third toe longer than fifth; toes free or slightly webbed at the base; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercies very flat; no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the tympanum or the eye; tibia about half the length of head and body.
Skin smooth.
Upper parts brownish or grey, uniform or with dark, round spots or marblings; often a dark streak along loreal and temporal regions, sometimes continued along the side of the body; limbs spotted or cross-barred; whitish beneath, throat and lower surface of limbs usually more or less vermiculated with grey or brown. Length 35 mm.
Clavicles strongly curved.
Type specimen in the Leiden Museum examined. The existence of specimens intermediate between the three species I formerly distinguished make it necessary to unite them. Habitat: New Guinea (Mamberamo riv.!; near Doorman riv., +850 m.!; Manikion region!; Tawarin riv.!; Air Mo riv.!; Humboldt bay!; Timena riv.!; Pomora riv., +760 m.!; Begowre riv.!; ? Torricelli mts., 650—700 m.; Went mts., 8oo—1050 m.!; Hellwig mts., g00—-+2500 m.!; Mimika riv.). 4. Sphenophryne polysticta (v. Méh.).
Chaperina polysticta v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 258, pl. X, fig. 3 (shoulder-girdle), XII, fig. 4.
Tongue large, oblong, entire; a denticulated dermal ridge across the palate behind the tubae, and a round tubercle in
109 front of it. Snout obtusely rounded, a little shorter than the eye; canthus rostralis rounded ; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, somewhat more than ?/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers small, that of first finger still smaller than those of the other ones, those of the toes a little larger, but not more than half the diameter of the tympanum; first finger much shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; third toe much longer than fifth; toes free; subarticular tubercles very indistinct, inner metatarsal tubercle small; the tarso-metatarsal articulation reaches the tympanum.
Skin. smooth.
Yellowish red, back more brownish, upper parts with rather large, irregular, reddish brown spots; eyelids and snout blackish; a few light spots on the upper lip; a dark lateral band from the eye to the middle of the body; throat and breast marbled with reddish brown. Length 16,5 mm.
Habitat: New Guinea (Sattelberg).
5. Sphenophryne fusca (Mocq.).
Chaperina fusca Mocquard, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 194, pl. VII, figs.2—24, Chaperina fusca v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 257, pl. VI, figs. 4—5 (skull), X, fig. 7 (terminal phalanx), XII, fig. 3. Tongue large, oval, entire; a denticulated dermal ridge across the palate behind the tubae, and a round tubercle in front of it. Head a little broader than long; snout rounded, hardly longer than the eye; canthus rostralis very obtuse; loreal region oblique; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space nearly twice the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, somewhat less than half the diameter of the eye. Fingers and toes with small disks, those of the toes somewhat larger than those of the fingers; first finger shorter than second; third toe longer than fifth; toes free; subarticular and the oblong inner metatarsal tubercle feebly developed; the heel reaches the eye.
Skin smooth; a fold above the tympanum.
Brown above; throat and breast brownish, dotted with white; belly and lower surface of thighs yellowish, finely speckled or marbled with brown. Length 24 mm.
The description given above has been taken from v. Méhely,
itd who describes specimens from New Guinea. Probably a coms parison of specimens of this island and Borneo will show, that they belong to two different species, if not genera. The specimens of Borneo, after the description of Mocquard, have an other colouration: their upper surfaces are very dark brown, nearly black, their lower parts are covered with a network of brown lines, including yellow meshes. It is possible that they belong to quite another family; they may even be identical with Nectophryne picturata Smith.
Habitat: Borneo (Sintang); New Guinea (Sattelberg). 6. Sphenophryne beyeri (Taylor).
Chaperina beyeri Taylor, Philipp. Jrn. of Sc., XVI, 1920, p. 333, pl. III, fig. 3. Tongue entire; a rather indistinct, small dermal ridge across the palate. Head broader than long; snout short, truncate, a little longer than the eye, nostril nearer the tip of the snout than the eye; interorbital space more than 17/, times the width of the upper eyelid; no tympanum. Fingers and toes with well-developed disks, except that of first finger, which is small; first finger very short, much shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; subarticular tubercles large ; third toe much longer than fifth; toes free; the heel reaches the eye. Skin smooth; elbows and heels each with a distinct dermal spine. Above grey-brown to black; sides, posterior part of back and limbs with or without small yellow dots; limbs with irregular dark cross-bars; dermal spines on limbs yellow; lower surface yellow to orange spotted, and reticulated with brownish, forming rather rounded yellow spots. From snout to..vent 23, mm, Tadpole. — Nostril nearer to tip of snout than to eye; eyes lateral, the distance between them more than twice their distance to the end of the snout; spiraculum sinistral. Blackish ; lighter below. Length 23 mm.
Habitat: Philippines, incl. Pelawan.
4. Oreophryne Btter.
(BorrtcER, Zool. Anz., XVIII, 1895, p. 135, and: Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., XXV, 1901, p. 371; V. MEHELY, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 254). Sphenophryneautt.,part.
Méhelyia Wandolleck, Abh. Mus. Dresden, XIII, N°. 6, 1911, p. 6. Pupil horizontal. Tongue entire or slightly nicked, and free