231 Oxyglossus laevis Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1897, p. 228 (with tadpole). Oxyglossus laevis Boulenger, Vert. Fauna Malay Penins., Rept. and Batr., London, 1912, p. 225.
Oxyglossus laevis Taylor, Philipp. Jrn. of Sc., XVI, 1920, p. 230, pl. I, fig. 1. Tongue oval, rounded behind. Head broader than long; snout rounded, feebly projecting, shorter than the upper eyelid, longer than deep; no canthus rostralis ; loreal region oblique, flat; nostril equidistant from eye and tip of snout; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum hidden. Fingers blunt, toes with very small disks; first finger not or Fig. 26. Oxyglossus laevis Gthr., X I.
but slightly extending beyond second, which is as long as fourth; third toe a little longer than fifth; toes entirely or nearly entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles small; inner metatarsal tubercle elliptic, compressed, outer one absent or very indistinct; a short tarsal fold; the heel reaches the temple or the posterior border of the eye, the tarso-metatarsal articulation the tip of the snout or a little beyond; tibia about ?/; length of head and body.
Skin smooth or with small warts on back and hind limbs. Brownish above, with or without rather indistinct darker spots; sometimes a light vertebral line, or a light spot on the snout; a light streak from the eye to the commissure of the mouth often conspicuous; hind limbs with dark cross-bands, which may be indistinct; lower parts whitish, throat often speckled with brown. From snout to vent 42 mm.
233 Male with an internal vocal sac.
Tadpole. — Length of body 1'/, to 1/, times its width; tail 2'/, times as long as body, 4 to 5 times as long as deep. Nostril nearer to the eye than to the tip of the snout ; eyes superior, nearer to the end of the snout than to the spiraculum, the distance between them twice that between the nostrils; spiraculum sinistral, directed upwards and backwards, equally distant from the eye and the posterior extremity of the body; vent median. Tail acutely pointed, the crests low. Mouth small, with a horseshoe-shaped lip without horny teeth, the closed mouth appearing as a vertical slit; jaws black. Olive above, white beneath; tail speckled with dark brown. Length 51 mm.
Habitat'): Simalur!; Mentawei islands (Sipora); Sumatra (Laut tador; Gunung Sahilan!; Lahat); Borneo (Mt. Dulit; Batam riv.; Seberuang riv.); Flores; Celebes (S.-Celebes, 600 m.; Luwu; Takalekadjo mts., 1100 m.; Lembongpangi, 520 m.; Matinang mts., + 250 m.; Mongondou!; Minahasa; Kakas, Tondano lake; Mt. Masarang).— Burma; Siam; Malay Peninsula; Philippines.
2. Oxyglossus lima (Kuhl).
Rana lima (Kuhl), Gravenhorst, Deliciae Mus. Zool. Vratislav., Fasc. I, Lipsiae, 1829, p. 4I.
Oxyglossus lima Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 5. Oxyglossus lima Flower, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1899, p. 886. Oxyglossus lima vy. Kampen, Weber’s Zool. Ergebn., Leiden, 1V, 1907, p. 384, pl. XVI, fig. 1 (tadpole).
Oxyglossus lima v. Kampen, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indié, LXIX, 1909, p. 44, pl. Il, fig. 9 (tadpole).
Oxyglossus lina Boulenger, Vert. Fauna Malay Penins., Rept. and Batr., London, 1912, p. 225, with figs.
Oxyglossus lima Smith, Jrn. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, II, 1917, p. 173 (tadpole; with figs.). Tongue oblong, pointed behind. Head broader than long; snout rounded or obtusely pointed, shorter than the upper eyelid, as deep as long; no canthus rostralis; loreal region oblique, nearly flat; nostril equidistant from eye and tip of snout; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum hidden. Fingers and toes acutely pointed; first finger 1) The Museum of Leiden possesses two specimens labelled ,Java (Boie and Macklot leg.)”. As, however, the species since never has been found in Java, this locality is probably erroneous,
233 not extending beyond second, which is as long as fourth; fifth toe extending beyond third and nearly as long as fourth; toes entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles very small; an oval, compressed inner, a smaller, subconical outer metatarsal tubercle, and a small tarsal tubercle near the heel; a short tarsal: fold; the heel reaches the eye, the tarso-metatarsal articulation the tip of the snout; tibia °/; length of head and body.
Back, lower surfaces and legs with numerous small, conical tubercles of unequal size, the largest ones forming a few longitudinal rows on throat and belly.
Greenish brown above, with small darker markings; sometimes a light (yellow or green) vertebral line; yellow beneath, with a dark brown band on the arm and along the hinder side of the thigh, and sometimes a brown L-shaped mark on each side at the base of the thighs; sometimes a brown band on each side from the chin to the breast. Length 35 mm. Male with an internal vocal sac.
Tadpole. — Length of body 1'/, to 1?/, times its width; tail about 2'/, times as long as body, about 4 times as long as deep. Snout pointed; nostril equally distant from eye and tip of snout; eyes superior, nearer to the end of the snout than to the spiraculum, the distance between them 3 to 4 times that between the nostrils; spiraculum sinistral, lateral, nearer to the posterior extremity ak the body than to the eye; vent median. Tail pointed, the lower crest low, thé\upper one high, reaching the base of the tail.
Mouth small, terminal, with a horseshoe-shaped lower, and a small upper lip; horny teeth and papillae absent; jaws edged with black.
Whitish, with brown markings; throat with four brown longitudinal bands, the outer ones connected with the eye by a vertical bar; crests of tail with dark spots, which are continued on the upper and lower parts of the muscular portion, which has also a brown lateral streak at its base; belly immaculate. Length 39 mm.
Habitat: Java (Tambun, Bantam; Batavia!; Krawang!; Buitenzorg!; Gadok; Sukabumi!; Djampang!; Gunung Sesuru! ; Tjitalahab!; Situ Bagendit!; Kediri!; Pasuruan). — From Bengal and S,-China to Malay Peninsula (and Philippines t).
234 5. Staurois Cope.
(Cope, Nat. Hist. Review, V, 1865, p. 114; BoULENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. EUISt.n(O))Ll.LOLS.apse72) Pupil horizontal. Tongue deeply notched and free behind. Vomerine teeth absent or feebly developed. Tympanum more or less distinct. Fingers free, toes. extensively webbed (the web involving the base of the disks); fingers and toes with large disks, which are broader than long and have a transverse groove across the lower surface, continuous with the groove between the upper and lower surfaces. Outer metatarsals entirely separated by web.
Omosternum and sternum with a bony style. No intercalary ossicle between the penultimate and terminal phalanges; the latter T-shaped.
Tadpoles. — A large sucking disk behind the mouth. Distribution: Malay Peninsula; Philippines; Borneo. Synopsis of the Species.
A. Tongue without papilla. Vomerine teeth present. I. Head as long as broad, much depressed .. . 1. S. larutensis p. 234. GH II. Head longer than broad, moderately depressed. 2. S. guttatus p. 235. £. Tongue with papilla. No vomerine teeth. I. Heel reaching tip of snout or beyond..... 3. S. nubilus p. 236. IJ. Heel reaching between eye and nostril... . 4. S. ¢udberilinguis p. 237. Synopsis of the Tadpoles.
ApebOthajawsEunaivided s.r. 2 cur vem oe aaceee hae, cake 1. S. larutensis p. 234. Sapper jawedivided TiptwOmpleCeS men twtr. celiriel sh: 2. S. guttatus p. 235. 1. Staurois larutensis (Blgr.).
Rana larutensis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 1, 1899, p. 273, pl. XI, fig. 1. Rana Jlarutensis Laidlaw, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900, p. 886, pl. LVII, figs. 3, 4 (tadpole).
Rana larutensis Boulenger, Vert. Fauna Malay Penins., Rept. and Batr., London, 1912, p. 245.
Staurois larutensis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 374. Tongue without papilla; vomerine teeth in two very small groups just behind the level of the choanae. Head as long as broad, much depressed; snout rounded or subacuminate, shorter than the orbit; canthus rostralis sharp; loreal region concave;
235 nostril equally distant from eye and end of snout; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, |, the diameter of the very large eye. Fingers with large disks, which are larger than the tympanum; disks of toes smaller than those of fingers; first finger shorter than second; toes very broadly webbed; subarticular tubercles feeble; a small, feebly prominent inner, no outer metatarsal tubercle ; the heel reaches the tip of the snout or beyond; tibia */; to */, length of head and body.
Skin smooth or faintly granular; a feeble, interrupted dorsolateral fold sometimes present.
Pale yellowish green above, head and body more or less blotched with black; limbs with black transverse bars; white below, the limbs pale green and grey, throat and under surfaces of thighs sometimes marked with black, hands and feet very dark, web between the toes black. From snout to vent J 45,9 75 mm.
Male with external vocal sacs.
The eggs are unpigmented.
Tadpole. — A ventral sucking disk extending from the lip to beyond the middle of the abdomen. Jaws minutely serrated, undivided. Series of teeth 545/'4'. Length 65 mm. Greenish white, mottled with dark green, above; white below. Habitat: Borneo. — Malay Peninsula, up to 1600 m. 2. Staurois guttatus (Gthr.).
Ixalus guttatus Giinther, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1858, p. 76, pl. IV, fig. D. Rana natatrix (part.), Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 71. Jxalus sp. Mocquard, Nouv. Arch. Mus. d’Hist. nat., (3) H, 1890, p. 154, pl. XI, figs. 4—4¢ (tadpole).
Rana guttata Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XIV, 1894, p. 87. Staurois guttatus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 374. Tongue without papilla; vomerine teeth in two small oblique groups between the choanae. Head longer than broad, moderately depressed; snout rounded, prominent, long; canthus rostralis angular; loreal region deeply concave; nostril near to the tip of the snout; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, about '/, to '/, the width of the eye. Disks of fingers very large, of toes moderate; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; fifth toe longer than third; toes very broadly webbed; subarticular
236 tubercles rather small; two small metatarsal tubercles; the heel reaches beyond the tip of the snout.
Skin coarsely granulate above; sometimes a distinct glandular dorsolateral fold; belly finely granular, otherwise smooth below.
Above brown, with large, rounded, sometimes confluent dark-brown spots; legs with dark cross-bars; hinder side of thighs blackish-brown, with a few small lighter spots; web between the toes black. Length 47 mm.
Male with two internal vocal sacs.
Tadpole. — A large sucking disk behind the mouth. Jaws with denticulated borders, the upper one consisting of two pieces. This tadpole has been referred to Staurois guttatus by Boulenger (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XIV, 1894, p. 87). It may belong as well to S. xudbzlus or tuberilinguis or to some species of Rana, allied with R. whitehead.
Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Kina Balu, 900 and 1300 m.; Baram riv.; Mt. Dulit; Seberuang riv.; Matang). , 3. Staurois nubilus Mocq.
Ixalus nubilus Mocquard, Nouv. Arch. Mus. d’Hist. nat., (3) II, 1890, p. 153, pleexdfig:33; Ixalus natutor var. nubilus Mocquard, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 195. Staurois nubilus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 374. A rounded papilla in the middle of the anterior part of the tongue; vomerine teeth absent. Snout obtuse, projecting, as long as the eye; canthus rostralis angular; loreal region vertical; nostril twice nearer to tip of snout than to eye; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, somewhat more than '/, the width of the eye. Fingers and toes with large disks, those of fingers larger than the tympanum; first finger as long as second; toes fully webbed; subarticular tubercles well developed; inner metatarsal tubercle narrow, rather prominent, no outer one; the heel reaches the tip of the snout or beyond.
Upper surfaces coarsely granulate; no fold above the tympanum; smooth beneath.
Dark brown above, uniform or with a few light veins; more or less distinct cross-bars may be present on the hind limbs; lower parts yellowish grey. From snout to vent 45 mm. Habitat: Borneo (Seberuang riv.), — Pelawan.
237 4. Staurois tuberilinguis Blgr.
Staurois tuberilinguis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 374. A large conical papilla in the middle of the anterior third of the tongue; vomerine teeth absent. Head longer than broad, moderately depressed; snout obtusely pointed, strongly projecting, as long as the eye; canthus rostralis sharp; loreal region feebly oblique, deeply concave; nostril a little nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad as or a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum moderately distinct, not quite '/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers with very large, toes with smaller disks; first finger longer than second; fourth toe not much longer than fifth; toes fully webbed, the web feebly notched; subarticular tubercles small, feebly prominent; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, flat, '/, the length of the inner toe, no outer tubercle; no tarsal fold; heel reaching between eye and nostril; tibia '/, length of head and body (from snout to vent), or slightly longer. Feebly granulate above, with flat glandules on the sides; belly smooth or feebly granulate.
Dark brown above and on the sides, including the upper lip, with a few very indistinct lighter vermicular markings on head and back; limbs with or without rather ill-defined dark cross-bands; hinder side of thighs dark brown, with small yellow spots or vermicular markings; web between toes blackish; lower parts white, throat brown or spotted with brown. From snout to vent 42 mm.
Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Kina Balu, 1300 m.; Mt. Batu Song, Serawak, 300 m.).
6. Simomantis Bler.
(BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 373). Pupil horizontal. Tongue deeply notched and free behind. Vomerine teeth absent. Tympanum not very distinct, small. Fingers and toes webbed (web of toes involving part of the disks), with very large disks, which are broader than long and have a transverse groove across the lower surface, continuous with the groove between the upper and lower surfaces. Outer metatarsals entirely separated by web.
QOmosternum and sternum with a bony style. No intercalary
238 ossicle between the penultimate and terminal phalanges; the latter T-shaped.
Distribution: Borneo.
Simomantis latopalmata (Blgr.).
Ixalus latopalmatus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) XX, 1887, p. 97. Ixalus latopalmatus Mocquard, Nouv. Arch. Mus. @Hist. nat., (3) II, 1890, pr 152, ple AI, tie. 2.
Simomantis latopalmata Boulenger, Ann. Mag, Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 373- Snout broadly rounded, obliquely truncate, very short; loreal region nearly vertical, concave; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum not very distinct, very small. Fingers dilated into enormous disks, the width of which equals 4/, the width of the eye; disks of toes about half the size of those of fingers; a broad web, extending nearly to the disks, between the outer fingers, and a short one between the second and third; toes very broadly webbed, the web enclosing '/, of the disks; subarticular tubercles oval, flat; no distinct metatarsal tubercles. Hind limb very long and strong; the knee reaches the shoulder; tibia as long as the distance between tympanum and vent.
Skin finely granulate above, smooth beneath.
Blackish above, with pale brown variegations on the back and whitish dots on the sides; limbs with lighter cross bands; hinder side of thighs blackish, speckled with whitish; lower surfaces whitish. From snout to vent 67 mm.
Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Kina Balu; Lawas).
7 icornuter isch.
(Tscuupt, Mém. Soc. Sc. nat. Neuchatel, I], 1839, p. 28; BoULENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 372).
Pupil horizontal. Tongue notched and free behind. Vomerine teeth present. Tympanum distinct. Fingers free, toes slightly webbed; tips of fingers, and usually of toes also, with large disks, which have a transverse groove across the lower surface, continuous with the groove between the upper and lower surfaces. Outer metatarsals united.
Omosternum and sternum with a bony style, which in the omosternum is forked at the base. No intercalary ossicle between the penultimate and terminal phalanges; the latter T-shaped.