135 1. Copiula oxyrhina (Blgr.).
Phrynixalus oxyrhinus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1898, p. 476, 480, pl. XXXVIII, fig. 3.
Copiula oxyrhina v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 243, pls. VIII, (mouth, skull &c.); X, fig. 6 (terminal phalanx). Copiula oxyrhina v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, V, pt. I, 1906, p. 168. Habit slender. Tongue oval, narrow, free in its posterior third or half. Head small, as long as broad; snout rather pointed, projecting, as long as or hardly longer than the upper eyelid, longer than deep; canthus rostralis distinct, obtuse; loreal region nearly vertical; nostril about equally distant from end of snout and eye; interorbital space much broader than the upper eyelid; eye small; tympanum distinct, '/, to 3/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers small, of toes larger, but smaller than the tympanum; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; third toe longer than fifth; subarticular tubercles and the elliptic inner metatarsal tubercle feebly prominent, no outer metatarsal tubercle; twe heel reaches the eye or the tip of the snout; tibia a little more than half the Fig. 19. (egies oxyrhina (Blgr.), X 1"/>. length of head and body.
Back smooth or finely granulate; lower parts smooth. Grey to brown above, with or without dark brown spots and marblings, which are largest on the sides; a brown or _blackish streak along each side of the head and some distance along the side of the body; groin and posterior surface of thighs whitish, with black spots or marblings; whitish beneath, the throat often dark marbled. Length 37 mm. Habitat: New Guinea (Cycloop mts.?!; Humboldt bay!; Timena riv.!; Njao!; Begowre riv.!; eorelbe Went mts., 1050 m.!; Hellwig mts.!). — St. jonah isl. 2. Copiula (’) rostellifera Wand.
Copiula (?) rostellifer Wandolleck, Abh. Zool. Mus, eke = A amas banal os #2 p- I1, figs. 47—49 and text- es A—B,
136 Habit very stout. Dermal ridge of palate divided into four parts. Snout very prominent, long, 2'/, times the length of the eye; the distance from eye to nostril twice the diameter of the eye and equal to the width of the interorbital space; tympanum feebly distinct. Fingers and toes with disks, except the first finger and the first and second toe, which have the tips not dilated.
Bluish grey; an hour-glass shaped brownish marking on the back; a small yellow spot at each side in the Jumbar region and a yellowish streak between the eyes; beneath yellow, finely mottled with grey. Length 19'/, mm.
Perhaps identical with Chocrophryne proboscidea, which has, however, two dermal ridges across the palate. Habitat: New Guinea (Torricelli mts.).
14. Choerophryne v. Kamp.
(v. KAMPEN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., XXXVII, 1914, p. 376). Pupil horizontal. Tongue narrow, oblong, slightly nicked, and free behind. Palate toothless. Two denticulated transverse dermal ridges across the palate, in front of the pharynx. Tympanum distinct. Fingers and toes free, with large disks. Outer metatarsals united.
No procoracoids or clavicles. Terminal phalanges T-shaped. Distribution: New Guinea.
1. Choerophryne proboscidea v. Kamp.
Choerophryne proboscidea v. Kampen, Zool, Jahrb., Syst., XXXVII, 1914, p. 376. Habit slender. Head small, its width '/, the length of head and body; snout acutely pointed, strongly projecting, once and a half the length of the upper eyelid, twice as long as deep; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region nearly vertical, flat; nostril close to tip of snout; interorbital space twice and a half the width of the upper eyelid; eye small; tympanum */, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers and toes equal in size and about as large as the tympanum, that of first finger a little smaller than the other ones; first finger shorter than second; fifth toe a little longer than third; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles feeble; the heel reaches the tympanum ; tibia a little less than half the length of head and body. Warty above, belly and lower surface of thighs granulate.
137 Brownish above; back with ill-defined dark spots; limbs with dark cross-bars; a light spot, bordered with black, in the loin; beneath speckled with white. Length 19 mm. Habitat: New Guinea (Tor riv.!; Njao!). 15. Hylophorbus Macl.
(MacLEAy, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.-S.-Wales, II, 1878, p. 136; Fry, Mem. Queensland Mus., II, 1913, p. 48).' Phrynixalus Boettger, Zool. Anz., XVIII, 1895, p. 133. Mantophryne Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XIX, 1897, p. 12. Guathophryne v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 225. Metopostira v. Méhely, ibid., p. 238. Pupil horizontal. Tongue large, oval, more or less free behind. Palate toothless. Two transverse dermal ridges across the palate, in front of the pharynx, the posterior one denticulated, the anterior one smooth. Tympanum more or less distinct. Fingers and toes free '), the tips dilated. Outer metatarsals united. No procoracoids or clavicles. Terminal phalanges T-shaped. Distribution: Philippines; Halmahera; New Guinea; Australia.
Sylopsis of the Species, A. Disks of fingers large.
I. The tarso-metatarsal articulation reaches the anterior, border, of-thel eyes... avers )) +. Spehs 1. H. biroi p. 138. II.Thetarso-metatarsalarticulationreachesbeyond the eye.
I, Interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid.
a. Tympanum 2/3 the width of the eye... 2. H. variegatus p. 138. 6. Tympanum less than !/, the width of GUOMEVE canter SEES Olt eRe tba. alae gpa fot 3. H. montanus p. 139. 2. Interorbital space as broadas the upper eyelid. 4. H. doetigeri p. 140. #. Disks of fingers small.
I, Loreal region nearly vertical.
I. Tympanum as large as the eye....... 5. Hf. rufescens p. 140. 2. Tympanum about !/, to3/,the widthoftheeye. 6. H. ocellatus p. 141. IJ. Loreal region oblique.
1. Interorbital space once to 1'!/, times the width of the upper eyelid.
1) See however ZH. (?) wewhaussi p. 144.
138 a. Tympanum about !/, the width oftheeye. 7. H. dubius p. 143. é. Tympanum about 2/; the width ofthe eye. 8. HY. robustus p. 143. 2. Interorbital space twice the width of the upper eyelid.
a. Tympanum about !/, the width of theeye. 9. WH. microtis p. 144. 6, Tympanum 5/, the width of the eye... 10. H.(?) weuhaussi p. 144. 1. Hylophorbus birdi (v. Meh.).
Phrynixalus Birodiv. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 247, pl. IX, figs. I—4 (eggs); XI, figs. 3—5 (palate, skull); XII, fig. 2. Tongue very feebly nicked and half free behind. Head about as long as broad; snout obtusely pointed, about as long as the upper eyelid, much longer than deep; canthus rostralis strong; loreal region almost vertical, concave; nostril twice as far from the eye as from the tip of the snout; interorbital space twice the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum not very distinct, about 14/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers rather large, of toes smaller; first finger much shorter than second; third toe longer than fifth; subarticular tubercles indistinct; a large and oblong, rather indistinct inner metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the tympanum, the tarsometatarsal articulation the anterior border of the eye. Skin smooth; lower surface granulated, at least on posterior part of belly.
Upper parts dirty pink-coloured, finely and rather densely dotted or marbled with reddish brown; a dark streak along the side of the head, which may be continued along the anterior part of the body, and sometimes another along each side of the back; whitish or reddish yellow below, throat and anterior part of breast sometimes blackish brown. Length 33 mm. As is stated by v. Méhely the egg-strings are deposited in the water, though the development is direct; the embryo has no gills, but breathes by the aid of the large tail. Habitat: New Guinea (Tor riv.!; Sattelberg, 750 m.). 2. Hylophorbus variegatus nova spec.
Tongue feebly nicked and nearly half free behind. Head as long as broad; snout obtusely pointed, projecting, as long as the eye, longer than deep; canthus rostralis obtuse; loreal region nearly vertical, almost flat; nostril nearer the tip of the snout than the eye; interorbital space a little broader
P39 than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, ?/, the width of the eye. Disks of fingers and toes large, triangular, those of second to fourth finger about as large as the tympanum, of first finger and of toes smaller; first finger much shorter than second, which is about as long as fourth; fifth toe longer than third; subarticular tubercles very feebly developed, no metatarsal tubercles; the heel reaches the eye, the tarsometatarsal articulation beyond the tip of the snout. Skin smooth.
Rufous brown with white markings, viz. a streak along the canthus rostralis; a cross-bar between the eyes; a longitudinal streak along each side of the back, each of them confluent with a spot at the side of the middle of the back; a large spot on the posterior part of the back; cross-bars on the limbs; whitish beneath. Length 18 mm.
Distinguished from /7. montanus by a larger tympanum and the characteristic design.
Type specimen in the Amsterdam Museum.
Habitat: New Guinea (Digul riv.!).
3. Hylophorbus montanus (Bttgr.).
Phrynixalus montanus Boettger, Zool. Anz., XVIII, 1895, p. 133. Phrynixalus montanus (part.) Boettger, Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., XXV, I90I, p. 368.
Phrynixalus montanus v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, I901, p. 251. Habit stout. Head broader than long; snout obtusely pointed, shorter than the eye; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region distinctly concave; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum rather distinct, '/, to ?/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers with very large, triangular disks, the largest of which is about as large as the tympanum; disks of toes large, triangular, much smaller than those of fingers; first finger much shorter than second; subarticular tubercles very feebly developed; a feeble, oblong, compressed inner metatarsal tubercle, outer metatarsal tubercle indistinct or none; the heel reaches to between eye and nostril. Skin slightly wrinkled and warty, the sides with more distinct warts; smooth below, or posterior part of the belly feebly granulate.
Reddish brown (green in life), spotted and marbled with blackish; a blackish triangular spot between the eyes, and a
140 broad, W-shaped figure of the same colour on the anterior part of the back; sometimes a broad, white vertebral line; limbs dark spotted, without distinct transverse bars; fingers and toes yellow, with blackish rings; brownish yellow below, throat, breast and thighs powdered or spotted with blackish. Length 26 mm.
Habitat: Halmahera, 670—760 m.
4. Hylophorbus boettgeri (v. Mch.).
Phrynixalus montanus (part.) Boettger, Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., XXV, 1901, p. 368, pl. XVI, figs. g—9d.
Guathophryne Boettgeri v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 229. Habit stout. Tongue large, broadly oval, with a longitudinal furrow, hardly free behind. Snout rounded, a little shorter than the eye, high; canthus rostralis rounded; nostril much nearer the tip of the snout than the eye; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; eye large; tympanum rather distinct, about half the diameter of the eye. Fingers and toes with large triangular disks, those of toes smaller than those of fingers; first finger much shorter than second, which is shorter ‘than fourth; third toe longer than fifth; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles feebly developed; the heel nearly reaches the nostril.
Skin smooth, with smaller and larger tubercles on the posterior part of the head, the upper eyelids, the shoulders and the sides of the body.
Brown above, with a yellowish white vertebral line and some dark markings, among which a W-shaped spot on the head, two white spots on the chin and one such spot in the middle of the lower jaw; limbs with transverse series of black spots; lower parts light brown; chin, throat, breast and lower surface of limbs with large, chestbrown spots. Length 39 mm. Probably Boettger is right in not separating this species from //. montanus.
Habitat: Halmahera, 670 m.
5. Hylophorbus rufescens Macl.
Hylophorbus rufescens Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.-S,-Wales, I], 1878, p. 136. Mantophryne lateralis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat, Hist., (6) XIX, 1897, p. 12, pl. Il, fig. 3.
t4t Mantophryne lateralis v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, p. 220, pls. IV; V; X, fig. 4.
Hylophorbus rufescens Fry, Mem. Queensland Mus., II, 1913, p. 48. Tongue broadly oval, entire, with a longitudinal furrow, slightly free behind, Head subtriangular, a little broader than long; snout obtusely pointed, shorter than the orbit; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region nearly vertical, concave; nostril nearer the tip of the snout than the eye; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum as large as the eye. Fingers and toes with small disks; first finger shorter than second; subarticular tubercles strong; a feeble oval inner metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the eye.
Skin smooth; sometimes several fine folds along the back; chin with a pair of more or less distinct small warts. Grey or brown above, with small blackish spots and a broad black streak on each side of the back from the eye to the groin; a dark blotch below the eye; the warts of the chin white; a black streak on the posterior surface of the thighs; brownish or white beneath, dotted and spotted with blackish. Length 55 mm.
Male with a subgular vocal sac.
The ovary contains but few, large eggs (diameter 4,3—5 mm.); the development is therefore probably direct (v. Méhely). Habitat: New Guinea (Sattelberg; Mt. Victoria, Owen Stanley range; Rigo, near Kapa Kapa; Moroka, Bartholomew range, 700 m.; Katow).
6. Hylophorbus ocellatus (v. Mch.).
Metopostira ocellata v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XXIV, 1901, °p. 239, pl. VI (skull, shoulder girdle, vocal sac); X, fig. 5 (terminal phalanx); XII, fig. 1. Metopostira macra v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, V, pt. 1, 1906, p. 167, pl. VI, figs. I, 2.
Metopostiia ccellata v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 1, 1909, p. 40; IX, pt. 3, 1913, p..461; Zool. Jahrb., Syst., XXXVII, 1914, p. 375. Tongue free in its posterior fourth or fifth part. Head broader than long; snout obtusely pointed, prominent, shorter than the eye and about as deep as long; canthus rostralis distinct, obtuse; loreal region nearly vertical, concave; nostril lateral, nearer the tip of the snout than the eye; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; eye large; tympanum distinct, about '/, to */, the width of the eye. Fingers and toes slender, disks of fingers small, of toes somewhat larger, but much
142 smaller than the tympanum; first finger shorter than second, which may be shorter to longer than fourth; third toe longer than fifth; subarticular tubercles well developed; a small inner, no outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the eye or farther, to beyond the tip of the snout.
Skin smooth or finely granulate above; back and sides of the body sometimes with small warts, usually arranged in more or less distinct longitudinal series; two small warts behind the chin may be present; smooth beneath, sometimes with small warts in the loin.
Greenish brown in life; a black spot, bordered by a red one in front and a larger, yellow one behind, in the lumbar Fig. 20. Hylophorbus ocellatus (v. Méh.), X 1!/4. region; often some ill-defined light spots on the back, behind the tympanum, at the insertion of the fore limbs and near the vent; posterior surface of thighs and lower parts of body marbled with reddish brown or blackish, helly usually immaculate. From snout to vent 42 mm.
Male with a subgular vocal sac.
The eggs in the ovary are few and large.
Habitat: New Guinea (Humboldt bay!; Mosso riv.!; Mt. Kohari, + 600 m.!; Bewani riv.!; Begowre riv.!; Sattelberg; Digul riv.!; Lorentz riv.!; Went mts., 800—1360 m.!).