55 jecting rudiment of pollex; outer fingers half webbed; the heel reaches the eye; tibia not half the length of head and body. Skin smooth above, strongly corrugated on the sides; granular on the belly and under the thighs.
Bluish lilac above (in spirit); a white streak, edged with dark purple, borders the lower jaw, and extends to above the shoulder; a whitish streak along the outer side of the forearm and outer finger and of the tarsus and outer toe, prolonged a short way up the inner side of the tibia. From snout to vent II5 mm.
Other characters as in H. znfrafrenata.
Habitat: New Guinea (Dinawa, Owen Stanley range). 33. Hyla militaria (Ramsay).
Pelodryas militarius Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.-S.-Wales, Il, 1878, p. 28, Hyla dolichopsis var. pollicaris Werner, Zool. Anz., XXI, 1898, p. 554. Hyla dolichopsis var. pollicaris Werner, Mitt. Mus. f. Naturk. Berlin, I, tgoo, p. 119 (with description of tadpole and figures of hand, sternal apparatus and tadpole).
Hyla militaria Boulenger, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. XV, 1, 1912, p. 214. Tongue notched and free behind; vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique series between the posterior borders of the choanae. Head as broad as or broader than long; snout rounded, twice the length of the eye; canthus rostralis rounded, indistinct; loreal region concave; interorbital space twice the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, half to nearly equal to the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers larger than the tympanum, those of toes somewhat smaller; a strong projecting rudiment of pollex; fingers */, to ?/, webbed, toes almost entirely webbed, the web reaching all disks, except the fourth; subarticular tubercles well developed; a small inner metatarsal tubercle; a tarsal fold; the heel reaches the anterior border of the eye, the tip of the snout or beyond. Finely granulate above; breast smooth, otherwise granulate beneath.
Blue or violet (in life green) above; lower lip bordered with a white streak, which is edged with brown below; a white streak along the outer edge of fore-arm and tarsus; fingers and disks often spotted with red; white beneath, only the throat of the same colour as the back. Length 124 mm. Male with an external vocal sac, an ossified omosternum and a group of black rugosities on the first finger.
56 Tadpole. — Length of body nearly twice its width; tail about once and a half the length of the body; eyes lateral; spiraculum sinistral, near the medioventral line; vent dextral. Grey, with a median and a pair of lateral dark longitudinal dorsal streaks. Length 50 mm.
The projecting rudiment of pollex seems to be the only character distinguishing this species from H. znfrafrenata. Habitat: Bismarck arch.
34. Hyla humeralis Blegr.
ffyla humeralis Boulenger, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. XV, 1, 1912, p. 216. Head more depressed than in HA. caerulea and H. infrafrenata; snout but little longer than the eye; tympanum ?/, the diameter of the eye. Disk of third finger nearly as large as the tympanum; no projecting rudiment of pollex; outer fingers nearly half webbed; heel reaching a little beyond the tip of the snout; tibia more than half length of head and body. Upper parts with scattered, small, granular warts, some of which are capped with deciduous, conical, black, horny tubercles; sides, belly, and lower surface of thighs granulate. Colour (in spirit) purple above, more pinkish round the eyes, on the arms, sides of thighs, and hands and feet; white beneath; no light border to the lower jaw; upper part of the lower eyelid veined with purple. From snout to vent 100 mm. Male with a moderately developed external subgular vocal sac, a curved, acutely pointed, spine-like process on the front side of the proximal part of the shaft of the humerus and two deciduous black horny plates, studded with spines, on the inner side of the inner finger.
Closely allied with /7. zxfrafrenata (Boulenger). Habitat: New Guinea (Madew, St. Joseph riv., between 600 and goo m.).
35. Hyla aruensis Horst.
Lyla aruensis Horst, Notes Leyden Mus., V, 1883, p. 242. Lyla infrafrenata part., Boulenger, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. XV, 1, 1912,-p. 214. Tongue oval, slightly nicked behind; vomerine teeth in two short, oblique series between the posterior borders of the choanae. Head broader than long; snout rounded, verticaily truncate, as long as or a little shorter than the upper eyelid,
oy longer than deep; canthus rostralis strong, straight; loreal region oblique, ‘feebly concave; nostril much nearer tip of snout than eye; interorbital space once and a half to twice the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum rather distinct, '/, the width of the eye. Disks of three outer fingers as large as the tympanum, of toes a little smaller than those of fingers; ‘outer fingers */,; webbed, first finger nearly free; toes nearly entirely webbed, the web reaching all disks, except fourth; subarticular tubercles moderate; a feeble inner, no outer meta- ‘tarsal tubercle; the heel reaches beyond the tip of the snout. Smooth above; belly, sides and lower surface of thighs granulate; a fold above the tympanum.
Upper surfaces blue; upper arm, thigh (except a narrow longitudinal blue streak, which however may be absent), fingers and the four inner toes colourless; upper lip very narrowly edged with white; beneath colourless. Length 43 mm. Male with a subgular vocal sac.
Type specimens in the Leiden Museum examined. Distinguished from H. infrafrenata by the absence of the light border along the lower lip, from the same species and FH. songuinolenta by the more extensively webbed fingers. Habitat: Misool!; Aru islands!.
36. Hyla sanguinolenta v. Kamp.
fiyla sanguinolenta v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. 1, 1909, p. 33, pl. J, fig. 3. _Hyla infrafrenata part., Boulenger, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. XV, 1, 1912, p. 214. ffyla sanguinolenta vy. Kampen, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., XXXVII, 1914, p. 366. Tongue nicked and free behind; vomerine teeth in two short transverse or oblique series between the posterior borders of the choanae. Head a little broader than long; snout rounded, vertically truncate, as long as the upper eyelid and longer than deep; canthus rostralis distinct, obtuse; loreal region very ‘oblique, concave; nostril about twice nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, ?/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of three outer fingers a little, of first finger much smaller than the tympanum, of toes smaller than those of fingers; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; fingers '/, to '/, webbed; third and fifth toe equal in length; toes ?/, to nearly entirely webbed, the web reaching all disks, except fourth; subarticular tubercles strong, the
58 distal one of third and fourth finger bilobate or double; an elliptic inner, no outer metatarsal tubercle; a tarsal fold; the heel reaches the tip of the snout or beyond; tibia more than half the length of head and body.
Skin granulate above; a fold above the tympanum; belly and lower surface of thighs coarsely granulate; sides sometimes areolated; a feeble dermal ridge along the outer side of fore-arm, tarsus and fifth toe.
Blue above (in spirit); upper arm, thigh (except a narrow band along the upper surface), inner fingers and toes, the webs and the tympanum colourless; upper lip and upper eyelid narrowly edged with white; a series of small white spots along the inner border of the upper surface of the tibia may be present; white beneath. In life the white parts may be spotted with red. Length 62 mm.
Male with an external vocal sac.
Closely allied with A. znfrafrenata, from which it is distinguished by the absence of a white streak along the lower lip and by the shape of the snout.
Habitat: New Guinea (Mamberamo riv.!; Idenburg riv.!; Humboldt bay!; Lorentz riv.!; Van der Sande riv.!). 37. Hyla caerulea (White).
Rana caerulea White, Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales, London, 1790, p- 248, with plate !), Pelodryas caeruleus Giinther, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1858, p. 119, pl. IX, fig. B. Hyla caerulea Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 383. Hyla caerulea v. Kampen, Nova Guinea, IX, pt. I, 1909, p. 34. fHyla caerulea Boulenger, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. XV, 1, 1912, p. 211. Tongue circular, slightly notched behind; vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique series on a level with the posterior borders of the choanae. Head a little broader than long; snout rounded, about as long as or a little longer than the orbit and longer than deep; canthus rostralis obtuse, but distinct; loreal region oblique, slightly concave; nostril nearer tip of snout than eye; interorbital space as broad as or broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, about */, tne diameter of the eye. Disks of second to fourth finger very 1) The description of White is very insufficient and the figures are very bad; it is doubtful, if they really represent a Aya, as is supposed by all the subsequent authors,
59 - variable in size: from smaller than tympanum (especially in young specimens) to nearly as large as the eye; disks of first finger much smaller than the other ones; disks of toes usually a little smaller than those of fingers; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; fingers '/, to'/, webbed; third and fifth toe equal in length; toes nearly entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles well developed, single; an oblong inner, and a very feeble circular outer metatarsal tubercle; a slight tarsal fold; the heel reaches the temple or the eye; tibia a little less than half the length of head and body. Skin smooth or granulate above, much thickened and studded with large pores on the hind part of the head and on the scapular region; this glandular region delimited outwards by a strong curved fold above the tympanum; throat, belly, sides of body and lower surface of thighs granulate. Blue or violet (in life green to brownish olive) above; a white streak along the outer side of the fore-arm and the tarsus may be present; inner fingers and toes white; whitish beneath. From snout to vent 100 mm.
Male with an external subgular vocal sac, and during the breeding-season brown rugosities on the inner side of the first finger.
Habitat: New Guinea (Dinawa, Owen Stanley range; Merauke!). — Islands of Torres strait; Australia. 38. Hyla angiana Bler.
fyla angiana Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) XVI, 1915, p. 402, pl. XVIII. Tongue circular, slightly notched behind; vomerine teeth in two oblique series between the choanae or on a level with their posterior borders. Head rather strongly depressed, as broad as long or a little broader; snout rounded, as long as the eye or a little longer; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region feebly concave; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, '/, to °/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers and toes with large disks; no projecting rudiment of pollex; fingers '/, webbed, toes webbed to the disks; subarticular tubercles well developed; heel reaching the eye or the tip of the snout; tibia about half the length from snout to vent.
Smooth above, granular beneath, areolate on the sides; a strong fold above the tympanum.
60 Slate blue above (in spirit), the sides of the body and the outer side of head, foot and tarsus sometimes crimson, with white spots or marblings; a white streak on the upper lip, at least from below the eye; a white streak, or white spots, on the lower lip; a white streak above the vent, another along the inner side of the leg and the outer side of the tarsus; throat blue or purple, belly white. From snout to vent 85 mm. Male without ossified omosternum, with an external gular vocal sac, and a patch of dark brown rugosities on the inner side of the basal part of the first finger.
Closely allied with H. caerulea, but differing in the smaller tympanum.
Habitat: New Guinea (Arfak mts., 1800—2400 m.). 39. Hyla congenita Ptrs. & Dor.
Hyla (Litoria) congenita Peters e Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, XIII, 1878, p. 427, pl. VI, figs. 4, 5- Hyla congenita Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 406, Hyla congenita Roux, Abh. Senckenb, naturf. Ges., XXXIII, I910, p. 230 (withtadpole).
Tongue rounded and little free behind; vomerine teeth in two small groups, close together behind the level of the choanae. Head about as long as broad; snout rounded, about as long as, or a little longer than the upper eyelid, a little longer than deep; canthus rostralis indistinct, rounded; loreal region nearly vertical, concave; nostril nearer tip of snout than eye; ‘interorbital space 1'/, to 1'/, the width of the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, a litthe more than half the width of the eye. Disks of fingers smaller than, or as large as tympanum, a little larger than those of toes; first finger shorter than second, which is much shorter than fourth; fingers '/, to ‘|, webbed; third and fifth toe equal in length; toes nearly entirely webbed, the penultimate phalanx of the fourth being nearly free; subarticular tubercles distinct; an elliptic inner, and a very small or indistinct outer metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches the eye or between eye and tip of snout; tibia half length of head and body. Skin smooth above, and on the throat and anterior part of belly; posterior part of belly and lower surface of thighs coarsely granulate; a fold above the tympanum and another across the breast between the shoulders.
61 Colouration variable. Some specimens-dark brown above, with lighter spots and with alight brown streak. above the tympanum to the side of the body; lower parts greyish white ; throat sometimes mottled with dark; the limbs light brown, spotted on their posterior surface. Other ones are light grey, finely brown speckled; thighs and posterior portion of the sides of the body lemon yellow; sometimes two irregular dark longitudinal streaks on the back and a black streak on each side of the body. From snout to vent 36 mm.
Male with a greyish brown outer subgular vocal sac, and in the breeding season a large, bean-shaped copulatory excrescence on the outer side of the first fingers. Tadpole. — Body once and a half as long as broad; tail 17/, the length of the body, 3'/, times as long as deep. Nostril nearer the tip of the snout than the eye; eyes lateral, nearer the tip of the snout than the spiraculum, the distance between them once and a half the distance between the nostrils and much greater than the width of the mouth; spiraculum a vertical slit on the left side, near the medioventral line, equally distant from the mouth and the hind limbs; vent dextral, near the free border of the subcaudal crest. Tail with an acutely pointed tip; both crests about equally deep, the upper one extending on to the back.
Lips with papillae in many series, especially on the lower lip and the sides; they are absent in the middle part of the upper lip; jaws bordered with black; series of teeth 2/3, the inner series of both upper and lower lip sometimes very feebly interrupted in the middle line; the series of the lower lip are about equal in length.
Back dark brown, spotted with black and often with a very fine medio-dorsal white line from the snout to the base of the tail; belly white, throat and sides dotted with brown; muscular part of tail brown above, grey, dotted with brown, beneath, and with a blackish streak along the middle of the side, reaching to the middle of the -tail, and a _ very distinct clear band above it; crests with numerous black dots. Length 45 mm.
Habitat: Aru islands!; New Guinea (Friedrich Wilhelmshafen; Maopa; Kapa Kapa; Upuli; Yule isl.; Borepata; Inawi; Kamali; Merauke!).
62 40. Hyla rubella Gray.
Tyla rubella Gray, Zool. miscell., London, 1831, p. 57. Hyla rubella Keferstein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., XXXIV, I, 1868, p. 283, pl. VIII, fig.29.
ae fates Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 405. fTyla rubella Spencer, Amphibia, in: Report Horn Scientific Expedition to Central Australia, Pt. II, Zoology, London and Melbourne, p. 170, pl. XV, figs. 26—28 (tadpole).
Hyla rubella v. Kampen, Bull. Dép. Agricult. Indes néerl., XXV, 1909, p. 6. Tongue oval, entire; vomerine teeth in two groups close together behind the level of the choanae. Head as long as broad; snout rounded, as long as the diameter of the eye, longer than deep; canthus rostralis obtuse; loreal region nearly vertical, slightly concave; nostril close to tip of snout; interorbital space as broad as, or a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum more or less distinct, '/, to ?/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers and toes very variable in size, those of the toes usually smaller than those of the fingers; first finger shorter than second, which is shorter than fourth; fingers free or with a slight rudiment of web; third and fifth toe of equal length; toes ?/, or */, webbed; subarticular and inner metatarsal tubercles well-developed; no outer metatarsal tubercle; a tarsal fold; the heel reaches between shoulder and tympanum.
Skin smooth above, granulate beneath; a strong fold across the chest.
Greyish or reddish brown above, uniform or speckled with darker; a dark band on the side of head and body; beneath whitish, immaculate. From snout to vent 39 mm. Male with a brown external subgular vocal sac and during the breeding-season brown rugosities on the inner side of the first finger.
Tadpole. — Length of body about once and a half its width and rather more than half the length of the tail. Nostril considerably nearer to the tip of the snout than to the centre of the eye; eyes superior; spiraculum sinistral, not visible from above and not very prominent; vent dextral. Tail pointed ; lower crest deep, the upper one reaching to the base of the tail. Lips with papillae, which are especially numerous at the sides; along the lower border of lower lip they are arranged in a single row and in the middle of the upper tip they are absent; jaws not very broadly edged with black; series of