tot first finger extending beyond second, which is as long as fourth; third toe much longer than fifth; toes with a very rudimentary web; subarticular tubercles much developed; an inner, oblong and a distinct, round, outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches between eye and tip of snout, rarely beyond. Granulate above, with symmetrical longitudinal ridges on the back; a strong fold above the tympanum; a tarsal fold; smooth below.
Brownish, olive or greyish above, with indistinct darker markings; loreal and temporal region blackish or with blackish vertical streaks; sometimes a light vertebral streak or two light dorso-lateral ones ; white beneath, immaculate or the throat speckled with brown; limbs with dark cross-bars. Length 66 mm. Male with two internal vocal sacs. .
Habitat: Halmahera, up to 700 m.; Kei islands; Batanta isl.; New Guinea (Dore; Andai; Mansiman; Arfak mts.; Manikion region!; Geelvink bay; Etna bay!; Mamberamo riv.!; near Idenburg riv., 400 m.!; Doorman riv.!; Tawarin riv.!; Sermowai riv., +70 and +400 m.!; Walckenaer bay!; Tanahmerah bay!; Tor riv.!; Jaona!; Humboldt bay!; Tami riv.!; Sentani lake!; Oinake!; upper current of Kaiserin Augusta riv.!; Erima; Stephansort; Sattelberg, +800 m.; Bara Bara; Bukana; Mimika riv.; Setekwa riv.); Jobi isl.; Meisor isl.; Schouten islands; Ferguson isl.; St. Aignan isl.; Duke of York isl. Goram isl; Faor isl.; Bertrand isl.; Bismarck arch.; Solomon islands. — Philippines; Pelew islands. Rana rugata, var. rubristriata (Barb.).
Cornufer corrugatus rubristriatus Barbour, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XXI 1908, p. 190.
Cornufer corrugatus rubristriatus Barbour, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zod]. Harvard Coll, XLIV, 1, 1912, p. 70, pl V, fig. 14.
Distinguished from the type by shorter legs, the heel reaching the eye, and by the absence of the fold above the tympanum. Brownish olive above, with a brick red vertebral stripe; inner sides of thighs yellow.
Perhaps identical with P. solomonts.
Habitat: Roon island, Geelvink bay.
19. Rana solomonis (Blgr.).
Cornufer solomonis Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1884, p, 212.
192 Cornufer solomonis Boulenger, Transact. Zool. Soc. London, XII, pt. 2, 1886, SnD S 4s) Dice elma:
Platymantis solomonis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 373. Platymantis solomonis Barbour, Proc. New England Zoél. Club, VII, 1921, ‘ p. 96, pls. II—IV.
Tongue without papilla; vomerine teeth in two rather long, transverse or slightly oblique, feebly arched series behind the level of the choanae. Head very large, moderately depressed, as long as broad, its length contained 2'/, to 2°/, times in the distance from snout to vent; snout rounded, not projecting, as long as, or slightly longer than the upper eyelid; canthus rostralis distinct, obtuse, straight; loreal region oblique, concave ; nostril much nearer to tip of snout than to orbit; interorbital space about */, the width of the upper eyelid, with a median ridge; tympanum very distinct, about half the width of the upper eyelid. Tips of fingers and toes swollen; first finger extending beyond second, and as long as third; second and fourth ones equal in length; toes with a very slight rudiment of web; subarticular tubercles very strong and prominent; an oval inner and a smaller, rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the centre or the anterior border of the eye. Upper surfaces more or less corrugated, with irregularly scattered, short, longitudinal folds, or smooth; a strong fold above the tympanum; belly and lower surface of thighs feebly granulate, otherwise smooth below.
Grey-brown or purplish brown above, with more or less distinct darker markings; sometimes a white vertebral line, extending along the hind limbs; loreal and temporal regions dark brown; lips with more or less marked dark vertical bars; tympanum chestnut-brown; limbs with dark cross-bars; whitish below, throat more or less mottled with brown. Length 78 mm. Male with two internal vocal sacs.
Eggs large (ripe egg 5 mm. in diameter).
Habitat: Bismarck arch.; Solomon islands.
20. Rana punctata (Ptrs. & Dor.).
Platymantis punctata Peters e Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, XIII, 1878, p. 420, pl. VII, fig. 3.
Cornufer punctatus Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 110. Platymantis punctata Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 373. Distinguished from R. corrugata by the equal length of the two inner: fingers.
193 Dark brown above, lighter on the snout and beneath; sides of head and body, the throat and the outer surfaces of the limbs dotted with orange; posterior surfaces of thighs vermiculated with the same colour. Length 50 mm. Habitat: New Guinea (Hatam, Arfak mts.). — Bismarck arch. ').
Subg. d. Hylarana Tschudi.
(Tscuup1, Mém. Soc. Sc. Neuchatel, II, 1839, p. 37). flylorana Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 123. Toes, and usually fingers also, with disks, the upper surface of which is separated from the lower one by a groove. Outer metatarsals separated nearly to the base, or, rarely, only in their distal half. Dorsolateral fold present or absent. Omosternal style not forked at the base, sometimes with a very small notch.
Distribution: Africa; southern Asia, including the Indoaustralian Archipelago to the Solomon islands; northern Australia.
21. Rana macrops Bler.
Rana macrops Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1897, p. 233, pl. XVI, fig. 1. Rana macrops Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 203. Vomerine teeth in two very small oblique groups between the choanae, or close together just behind them. Head as long as broad; snout rounded, projecting, shorter than the eye; canthus rostralis strong; loreal region nearly vertical, concave; nostril a little nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; eye very large; tympanum distinct, half the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers rather large, ?/, to °/, the diameter of the tympanum, of toes a little smaller; first finger as long as second; toes 2/, webbed; outer metatarsals separated nearly to the basc; subarticular tubercles moderate; a small oval inner, no outer metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches the nostril or the -tip. of, the snout; tibia */, to 9/, length of head and body; when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels are overlapping.
1) According to Sternfeld, Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., XXXVI, 1918, p. 434. INDO-AUSTRALIAN AMPHIBIA. 13
194 Skin smooth or finely granulate above, sometimes with a few small flat warts on the back; a very feebly developed and only anteriorly distinct dorsolateral fold; lower partssmooth. Olive-green above; a blackish streak below the canthus rostralis; a blackish band on the temporal region and above the shoulder, broken up into spots posteriorly; sides greyish, marbled with dark brown; a whitish streak from below the eye to above the arm; limbs with more or less distinct dark cross-bands; hinder side of thighs marbled with dark brown; brownish beneath, throat dark brown, with or without small white spots. From snout to vent 45 mm.
Male with internal vocal sacs and an oval flat gland at the base of the arm.
Habitat: Celebes (Takalekadjo mts., towards Lake Poso, goo m.; Matinan mts., 1000 m.; Mt. Masarang). 22. Rana glandulosa Blegr.
Rana glandulosa Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 73, pl. VII. Rana glandulosa Boulenger, Vert. Fauna Malay Penins., Rept. and Batr., London, 1912, p. 236.
Rana glandulosa Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 181. Vomerine teeth in two short oblique series between the choanae or extending a little behind the level of their posterior borders. Head as long as broad or a little broader; snout rounded or obtusely pointed, hardly projecting, as long as or slightly longer than the eye; canthus rostralis distinct, straight ; loreal region oblique, concave; nostril nearer tothe tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad as or slightly narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, °/, to */, the diameter of the eye. Fingers and toes with very small .disks; first finger extending much beyond second, which is shorter than fourth; third toe extending beyond fifth; toes /, to */, webbed; outer metatarsals separated nearly to the base; subarticular tubercles very prominent; an oval inner, and a smaller, round, outer metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches the eye or the tip of the snout; tibia about half the length from snout to vent; when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels are overlapping. Upper parts smooth or more or less distinctly granulate, with large flat warts, at least on the sides. Olive-brown or reddish brown, often spotted and speckled
195 with blackish; lips dark, with large whitish spots or bars; limbs with more or less distinct dark cross-bars; beneath whitish or buff, uniform or spotted with brown; eye fiery red. From snout to vent 95 mm.
Male with two external vocal sacs, forming folds, and a large oval gland on the inner surface of the arm. Habitat: Sumatra (Deli!; Serbadjadi, Serdang!); Borneo (Bongon; Baram riv., Mt. Mubu, Spitang, Mt. Batu Song and Miri in Serawak). — Burma; Siam; Malay Peninsula; Singapore; Pelawan.
23. Rana baramica Bttgr.
Rana baramica Boettger, Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., XXV, 1901, p. 391. Rana baramica vy, Kampen, Weber’s Zool. Ergebn., Leiden, IV, 1907, p. 399. Rana baramica Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 182. Vomerine teeth in two short oblique series between the posterior borders of the choanae, or extending a little behind them. Head a little longer than broad ; snout somewhat pointed, feebly projecting, as long as the upper eyelid; canthus rostralis angular; loreal region slightly oblique, concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad as or a little narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, 7/, to °/, the width of the eye; fingers and toes with very small disks, those of toes a little larger; first finger much longer than second, which is shorter than fourth; third toe extending beyond fifth; toes webbed at the base; subarticular tubercles very strong; two strong metatarsal tubercles, the inner one elliptic, the outer one round; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches between eye and nostril; tibia half the length of head and body.
Strongly granulate above; sides with granules and longitudinal warts; fold above the tympanum indistinct or absent; smooth beneath.
Light brown or dark greenish grey above; back and sides spotted and marbled with dark brown or black; sometimes a few lighter spots on the lips and around the brown tympanum ; hind limbs with dark cross-bars; throat and breast, sometimes the belly also, densely powdered or spotted with dark grey or blackish; a very distinct light median stripe from the chin to the middle of the, breast may be present. Length 62 mm. Male with a flat giand on the inner side of the upper arm and with two outer vocal sacs.
196 Distinguished from R. glandulosa by the shorter web between the toes.
Habitat: Banka!; Borneo (Baram riv.).
24. Rana luctuosa (Ptrs.).
Limnodytes luctuosus Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1871, p. 579. Limnodytes luctuosus Peters, Ann. Mus. Genova, III, 1872, p. 43, pl. VI, fig. 1. Rana luctuosa Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal, Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 68. Rana decorata Mocquard, Nouv. Arch. Mus. d’Hist. nat., (3) 11, 1890, p. 145, ~ pl. X, figs. 1—14.
Rana luctuosa Flower, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1896, p. 904, pl. XLVI (tadpole). Rana luctuosa Flower, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1899, p. 896. Rana luctuosa Boulenger, Vert. Fauna Malay Penins., Rept. and Batr., London, 1912, p. 238.
Rana luctuosa Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 183. Vomerine teeth in two small oblique groups or short series between the choanae. Head as long as broad; snout rounded, as long as or a little shorter than the eye, feebly projecting; canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region scarcely oblique, feebly concave; nostril in the middle between the eye and the tip of the snout; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, ?/,; to 3/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers with very small, toes with a little larger disks; first finger extending beyond second; toes '/, webbed; outer metatarsals */, separated; subarticular tubercles moderate; a small, oval inner, and a very small outer metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches the tip of the snout or between eye and tip of snout; tibia '/, the length from snout to vent or a little longer; when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels are overlapping. Skin smooth.
Upper surfaces of head and back bright red or rich dark chocolate-brown, bordered on each side, from the end of the snout to the base of the hind limbs, by a very distinct white or yellow line; sides of head and body very dark brown or black; tympanum dark reddish brown to nearly black; sides of body with a few white or yellow spots, sometimes forming an irregular line from angle of mouth to thigh; limbs very dark brown or bluish black with light marblings or transverse lines; beneath dirty buff, darker on the limbs, sometimes with small light spots; throat brown or black. From snout to vent 50 mm. Male without vocal sacs.
197 Tadpole. — Length of body once and a half its width and more than half the length of the tail, which is 3 to 4 times as long as deep. Nostril nearer to the end of the snout than to the eye; eyes superior, nearer to the end of the snout than to the spiraculum, the distance between them at least twice that between the nostrils; and much larger than the width of the snout; spiraculum sinistral, directed upwards and backwards, visible from above and from below, nearer to the vent than to the tip of the snout; vent dextral, close to the lower edge of the subcaudal crest. Tail acutely pointed, the upper crest convex, about equal in depth to the lower one, not extending on the back. Sides and lower border of lips bordered with papillae; jaws broadly edged with black; series of teeth 4'4/1,1 or 515/131, inner series of lower lip very narrowly interrupted. Younger larvae blackish brown above, white beneath, tail mottled with grey; the older ones have the upper parts brown, mottled with darker, the sides and lower parts yellow, mottled with brown, the tail mottled brown and yellow. Length 77 mm. Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Kina Balu!; Koung, Br. N.-Borneo; Akar riv. and Matang, Serawak). — Malay Peninsule, up to 1200 m.; Philippines ').
25. Rana debussyi v. Kamp.
Rana debussyi v. Kampen, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indié, LXIX, 1909, p. 23, pl. I, fig. 3. Rana debussyi v. Kampen, ibid., p. 40 (tadpole). Rana debussyi Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 184. Vomerine teeth in two short, oblique series between the choanae. Head longer than broad; snout rounded, projecting, once and a half as long as the eye; canthus rostralis rather sharp; loreal region somewhat oblique; nostril a little nearer to the tip of snout than to the eye; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, 7/, the diameter of the eye. Disks of fingers and toes small, but distinct, those of toes a little larger; first finger extending beyond second; toes webbed at the base, the web reaching only the proximal subarticular tubercles; only between fourth and fifth toe it reaches a little farther, at the fifth toe almost to the second tubercle; subarticular tubercles well developed; a small, oblong inner, and 1) According to; De Elera, Catalogo Sist, de toda la Fauna de Filippinas, J, 1895, p. 448. |
198 a still smaller, round outer metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; heel reaching the tip of the snout.
Skin very finely granulate.
Brown above; sides, from tip of snout to vent, black, with a white streak from the tip of the snout along the upper lip, below the tympanum, to the thighs; limbs pale brown, with dark cross-bars; yellowish white beneath. Length 50 mm. Tadpole. — The tadpoles, here described, probably belong to this species.
Length of body 1°/, times its width; tail nearly twice the length of the body and almost 4 times as long as deep. Nostril in the middle between the tip of the snout and the eye; eyes superior, equally distant from tip of snout and spiraculum, the distance between them once and a half that between the nostrils, which equals the width of the mouth; spiraculum sinistral, directed upwards and backwards, visible from above and from below, nearer to the hind limbs than to the tip of the snout; vent dextral, close to the lower border of the tail. Tail with rounded tip; the upper crest a little higher than the lower one, not reaching the base of the tail. Lips with papillae, which are arranged in two or three series along the sides and the lower border, not interrupted in the median line; jaws edged with black; series of teeth 414/131 (in younger specimens 3'3/'3!'), the four rows of the lower lip nearly equal in length, the inner one hardly interrupted.
Grey, lower surface of body a little lighter, and finely mottled with white; tail yellowish brown, darker marbled. Length 65 mm. Habitat: Sumatra (Bandarbaru, Batak mts., + 900 m.!). 26. Rana laterimaculata Barb. & Noble.
Rana laterimaculata Barbour and Noble, Proc. New England Zodl. Club, Cambridge, Mass., VI, 1916, p. 21, text-fig. 3 (foot).
Vomerine teeth in two small oblique groups, not extending behind the level of the choanae, the distance between them slightly greater than the diameter of each of the choanae. Canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region concave; nostril much nearer to tip of snout than to eye; interorbital space slightly broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum more than half the diameter of the eye. Tips of fingers and toes dilated, of toes a little