183 metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches the tip of the snout or beyond; tibia 1°/; to nearly 2 times in length from snout to vent; when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels are strongly overlapping. Skin nearly smooth; posterior half of upper eyelid warty; a fold above the tympanum, and a narrow glandular dorsolateral fold, beginning behind the upper eyelid. Brown or greyish brown above; sides of snout blackish or dark grey, with dark vertical bars on the lips; supratemporal and dorsolateral folds edged with dark brown or black on the outer side; a dark cross-bar between the eyes and a dark /\-shaped marking between the shoulders usually present ; limbs with regular dark cross-bands; lower parts whitish, uniform, or throat and breast spotted with brown. From snout to vent 43 mm.
Male with internal vocal sacs.
Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Kina Balu; Matang and Mt. Penrissen, Serawak); Celebes (Loka; Tasosso, 1200 m.; Takala mts., 1200—1600 m.; Poso; Matinan mts.; Tomohon; Rurukan; Mt. Masarang). — Pelawan.
Subs. o. Discodeles Bler.
(BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 238; Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 109).
Tongue with a large, obtuse papilla in the middle. Toes, and usually fingers also, with disks, the upper surface of which is separated from the lower one by a groove. Toes strongly webbed. Outer metatarsals bound together or only separated in their distal third. Dorsolateral fold, if present, not confluent with the temporal one.
Omosternal style forked at the base.
Distribution: India; Solomon islands.
11. Rana guppyi Blegr.
Rana guppyi Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1884, p. 211. Rana guppyi Boulenger, Transact. Zool. Soc. London, XII, pt. 2, 1886, p. 48, pl. IX. Rana guppyi Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 240. Rana guppyi Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. 113. Vomerine teeth in two short, straight or curved, transverse or slightly oblique series behind the level of the choanae and extending outwards beyond the vertical of their inner edges,
184 the space between the two series greater than the length of one of them; no tooth-like processes in the lower jaw. Head very large, broader than long; snout obtusely pointed, a little projecting, much longer than the eye; canthus rostralis angular, very slightly curved; loreal region very oblique, not or feebly concave; nostril much nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, '/, to '/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers and toes with small disks, with a groove in front, between upper and lower surface, those of toes a little larger than those of fingers; first finger longer than second, slightly longer than fourth, a little shorter than third; toes */, to entirely webbed, the web penetrating between the outer metatarsals; subarticular tubercles large; an elliptical, flattened, inner, and a smaller, roundish, less distinct outer metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; heel reaching the eye or the tip of the snout; tibia 1*/, to 2'/, times in the length from snout to vent; when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels are meeting or feebly overlapping.
Upper surfaces smooth or feebly warty; sometimes an interrupted dorso-lateral fold on the anterior part of the back; a strong fold above the tympanum; posterior half of upper eyelids warty; smooth beneath.
Dark olive or brown above, uniform or mith rather indistinct darker spots; upper lip sometimes with vertical bars; limbs sometimes with cross-bars; white or brownish below, uniform or spotted with dark brown. From snout to vent 220 mm. Terminal phalanges with a feeble transverse expansion at tie tip.
Male with two large external vocal sacs.
Habitat: Solomon islands.
12. Rana bufoniformis Blgr.
Rana bufoniformis Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1884, p. 210. Rana bufoniformis Boulenger, Transact. Zool. Soc, London, XII, pt. 2, 1886, p- 47. pl. VII:
Rana bufoniformis Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. I10 Habit very stout, toad-like. Vomerine teeth in two short oblique series behind the choanae and not extending outwards beyond the vertical of their inner edges; the space between the two series equal to the length of one of them; lower jaw
185 without tooth-like processes. Head very large, much. broader than long; snout rounded, slightly projecting, as long as or slightly longer than the eye; canthus rostralis distinct, obtuse, straight; loreal region very oblique, concave; nostril nearer to end of snout than to eye; interorbital space flat, as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, about '/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers with slightly swollen tips, toes with small disks; first finger extending beyond second, nearly as long as third; second one a little shorter than fourth; toes ?/, webbed, the web reaches the disks, except that of fourth toe, two phalanges of which are free; the web penetrating between the outer metatarsals; subarticular tubercles large; an oval, flattenedsinner, and a rather indistinct, roundish outer metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold; the heel reaches the temple; tibia about 2'/, times in the distance from snout to vent; when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels do not overlap.
Upper surfaces covered with prominent porous warts of different size; on each side of the back they are more elongate and confluent, so as to form an interrupted dorsolateral fold, which, however, does not extend beyond the sacrum; a strong fold above the tympanum; belly and lower surface of thighs feebly granulate, otherwise smooth below. From snout to vent 150 mm.
Uniform brown above, yellowish beneath.
Terminal phalanges with a feeble transverse expansion at the tip.
Habitat: Solomon islands.
13. Rana opisthodon Blegr.
Rana opisthodon Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1884, p. 211. Rana opisthodon Boulenger, Transact. Zool. Soc. London, XII, pt. 2, 1886, p. 50, pl. X.
Rana opisthodon Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus., XX, 1920, p. III. Vomerine teeth in two short oblique series behind the level of the choanae and not extending outwards beyond the vertical of their inner edges; the space between the two series equal to or less than the length of one of them; lower jaw without tooth-like processes. Head large, a little broader than long; snout rounded, hardly projecting, as long as or slightly longer than the eye; canthus rostralis obtuse, slightly curved; loreal
186 region oblique, concave; nostril much nearer to tip of snout than to eye; interorbital space as broad as or narrower than the upper eyelid, convex in the female, plane in the male; tympanum distinct, */, to '/, the diameter of the eye. Fingers blunt or with slightly swollen tips, toes with small disks; first finger not or slightly extending beyond second; toes ?/, to ?/, webbed, the web reaching the disks, except that of fourth toe, two phalanges of which are free; the web penetrating between the outer metatarsals; subarticular tubercles large, oval; inner metatarsal tubercle elliptic, flat, outer tubercle, if distinguishable, small and rounded; no tarsal fold; heel reaching the eye; tibia 2'/, to 2?/, times in length from snout to vent; when the hind limbs are folded at right angles to the body, the heels do not overlap.
Upper surfaces smooth or with numerous small, flat, porous warts, which may be elongate on the anterior part of the back; a strong fold above the tympanum; no dorsolateral fold; belly and lower surface of thighs slightly granulate, otherwise smooth below.
Olive or dark brown above, the warts blackish, or with a few dark spots and cross-bars on the limbs, vertical bars on the upper lip, and a cross-bar between the eyes; hinder side of thighs with small whitish dots; lower parts brownish white, the throat light brown. From snout to vent 125 mm. Male with two internal vocal sacs.
Terminal phalanges with a feeble transverse expansion at the tip.
Development without free larva. Eggs large (6 to 10 mm. in diameter).
Perhaps identical with A. dufoniformis, as Barbour (Proc. New England Zodél. Club, VII, 1921, p. 98) states. Habitat: Solomon islands.
14. Rana ventricosa Vogt.
Rana ventricosus (sic!), Vogt, Sitzungsber. Ges. naturf. Fr., Berlin, 1912, p. 8. Vomerine teeth in two oblique series, beginning at the inner edge and extending a little behind the level of the choanae. Head broad; snout blunt; canthus rostralis rather indistinct; loreal region oblique; nostril near the tip of the snout; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum ”/; the
187 width of the eye. Fingers and toes with small disks; first and second finger equal in length; toes webbed to the disks; subarticular tubercles large; a rather large, elliptic, blunt inner and a smaller, round outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the eye.
Back coarsely granulate; flat warts on the upper eyelids, the temporal region, the sides, near the vent and on the hind limbs; no dorsolateral fold; a strong fold above the tympanum; smooth beneath.
Dark olive green above; posterior surface of thighs rusty brown, with numerous white dots; white below, throat and belly marbled with light brown. From snout to vent 158 mm. Description completed by means of informations from Mr. VOGT. Differing from RR. opisthodon in the entirely webbed toes; it may be, however, that both species are identical. Habitat: Bismarck archipelago.
Subg. c. Platymantis Gthr.
(GUNTHER, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1858, p. 93; BouLENGER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 372).
Fingers and toes with disks, the upper surface of which is separated from the lower one by a groove. Toes free or slightly webbed. Outer metatarsals united. Dorsolateral fold absent. Omosternal style forked at the base.
Distribution: Philippines; Halmahera; Kei islands; New Guinea and neighbouring islands; New Britain; Solomon islands; Fiji islands.
15. Rana boulengeri (Btter.).
Cornufer boulengeri Boettger, Kat. Batr.-Samml. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., Frankf, a/M., 1892, p. 18.
Cornufer boulengeri Werner, Mitt. Mus. f. Naturk. Berlin, I, 1900, p. 114, fig. 115 (sternal apparatus).
Platymantis boulenger? Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 373. Vomerine teeth in two very long, curved series behind the level of the choanae. Head large, strongly depressed, broader than long; snout 1'/, to 1'/, times the length of the eye; canthus rostralis more or less indistinct (in the young sharp and distinct, straight); loreal region concave; nostril equidistant from tip of snout and eye, or nearer the latter; interorbital space twice, in the young equal to the width of the upper eyelid; crown
188 flat; tympanum vertically oval, */,; to °/, the diameter of the eye. Tips of fingers and toes hardly dilated; first finger extending beyond second; toes slightly webbed; subarticular tubercles much developed; an oblong inner and a very indistinct, rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches the anterior border of the eye (the tip of the snout in the young). Posterior part of back granulate, otherwise smooth, or with rather sharp longitudinal folds, above; a narrow dorsolateral fold, extending backwards to the sacral region; a fold above the tympanum; sides, belly and lower and posterior surfaces of thighs granulate.
Yellowish, greyish, brown or greyish violet above, marbled with brown; a brown cross-bar between the eyes; loreal and temporal regions black, with a light border above; upper lip red; limbs and sides of body reddish, the limbs with dark cross-bars; throat, breast and lower surface of limbs powdered and spotted with brown. Length 75 mm.
Habitat: Bismarck archipelago.
16. Rana moszkowskii (Vogt).
Cornufer moszkowskii Vogt, Sitzungsber. Ges. naturf. Fr., Berlin, 1912, p. 358. Vomerine teeth in two widely separated transverse groups behind the choanae; snout rather pointed; canthus rostralis strong; loreal region concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space somewhat broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum vertically elliptic, */, the width of the eye. Fingers and toes with dilated tips; first finger longer than second; toes free; subarticular tubercles small; a cylindrical inner, and a small, round outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches a little beyond the eye.
Granulate above, with sharp, short, longitudinal ridges; a sharp fold above the tympanum; upper eyelid warty ; smooth beneath. Dark above; upper surface of snout light coloured; two reddish white dorsolateral streaks; lips spotted; limbs with indistinct bars; yellowish beneath, chin and throat dark spotted. Length 56 mm.
Probably identical with R. rugata or boulengerz. It can perhaps be distinguished from rugata by the broader interorbital space, from doulengeri, as Mr. Vogt informs me, by less developed subarticular tubercles.
Habitat: interior of Dutch New Guinea,
189 17. Rana beauforti (v. Kamp.).
Cornufer beauforti v. Kampen, Bijdr. t. d. Dierk., pt. 19, 1913, p. 91. Platymantis beauforti Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 373. Tongue with a conical papilla; vomerine teeth in two oblique Fig. 24. Rana beauforti (v. Kamp.), type specimen, + X I. series behind the level of the choanae. Head as long as or hardly longer than broad; snout a little longer than the upper
190 eyelid, longer than deep; canthus rostralis strong; loreal region oblique, concave; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad as or somewhat narrower than the upper eyelid; crown flat; tympanum '/, to */, the width of the eye. Fingers and toes with small disks; first finger extending beyond second, which is much shorter than fourth; third toe longer than fifth; toes webbed at the base; subarticular tubercles strong; an oblong inner, and a small, round outer metatarsal tubercle; the heel reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout.
Skin smooth or finely granulate; the posterior half of the upper eyelid somewhat warty; a fold above the tympanum. Upper parts reddish violet, more or less spotted or marbled with bluish violet; a dark cross-bar between the eyes; sometimes a light vertebral line; a part of the tympanum and the posterior part of the temporal region, sometimes the loreal region also, darker; lips with dark spots; limbs with dark cross-bars; sides of the body and posterior and superior surfaces of the thighs marbled with blackish; yellowish beneath, sometimes dark marbled. Length 78 mm.
Type specimens examined.
Habitat: Waigeu!
18. Rana rugata nomen novum ').
Hylodes corrugatus A, Duméril, Ann. Sc. nat., (3) XIX, 1853, p. 176. Platymantis plicifera Giinther, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1858, p. 95, pl. VIII, fig. B. Platymantis plicifera var. Pelewensis Peters, Monatsber. Akad, Berlin, 1867, p. 33. Platymantis corrugata var. papuensis, Meyer, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1874, p. 139. Cornufer corrugatus Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. IIo. Cornufer corrugatus v. Méhely, Termész. Fiizetek, XX, 1897, p. 411, pl. X, figs. 1, 2 (sternal apparatus and terminal phalanx).
Platymantis corrugata Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) I, 1918, p. 373- Vomerine teeth in two oblique series behind the level of the choanae. Head about as long as broad; snout pointed, as long as, to 1'/, the length of the upper eyelid, longer than deep ; canthus rostralis angular, straight; loreal region oblique, concave ; nostril nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid (narrower in the young); crown flat; tympanum circular or vertically oval, */, the width of the eye. Tips of fingers and toes feebly dilated ; 1) Rana corrugata and R. plicifera are preoccupied.