ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 00 on 5. BUNOCEPHALUS MELAS Cope BunocephalusmelasCope,1874,Proc.Acad.Nat.Sei.Phila.,XXVI,132,Nauta; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 681, Nauta; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 18, Peruvian Amazon; RHigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,380. Known only from the Peruvian Amazon.
15841,1,37mm.,RioMorona,Allen,October,1920.
A small number of the specimens listed or described below were collected in Brazil by Dr. John Haseman for the Carnegie Museum, where his material was in charge of Professor EKigenmann, at the time Curator of Fishes there. _Haseman’s types and all but a few duplicates were returned to the Carnegie Museum. 6. BUNOCEPHALUS RETROPINNIS Eigenmann, sp. nov.
Plate II, fig. 3 14332,2,cotypes,86mm.,Cacequi,Brazil,Haseman,Feb.1909.
Extralimital.
Distinguished by the backward position of the dorsal, the origin of which is sometimes nearer the caudal than the snout.
Head 5-5.5; depth 5.5-6; D. 5; A. 8, width at origin of pectorals 3 in the length; depth of head 6.5-7; distance between snout and pectoral 4—4.25 in the length; nuchal plate narrow, terminating in a knob, sloping forward from knob to a point between the posterior end of the bases of the pectorals; two lower knobs between the larger knob and the dorsal fin; snout truncate, general shape not unlike that of a guitar; coracoid processes converging, about equal to the space between their bases; interorbital equal to snout and eye; maxillary barbels reaching just beyond the base of the last pectoral ray; mental barbels reaching the postmentals which reach in turn beyond the gill-opening. Teeth minute, feeble; a large pectoral pore; dorsal rays coterminous; caudal rounded, a little longer than the head; anal rounded, its basis about 7 in the length; ventrals distinctly behind origin of dorsal, reaching to, or nearly to, the anal; pectoral spines not reaching ventral. No parts showing great prominence.
General color gray, sides and back spotted, dorsal dark at base, becoming speckled and rusty toward margin; caudal light at basis, shading into marble, the extreme margin light; anals hyaline or marbled toward the tips, the pectoral similar to the predorsal area.
15415,1,85mm.,Uruguayana,Brazil,Haseman,February,1909.
This specimen, probably belonging to retropinnis, had the origin of the dorsal shghtly in advance of the middle; the coracoid processes flaring outward toward their tips; the ventral just reaching the anal.
o2) for) FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 7. BUNOCEPHALUS BIFIDUS Eigenmann, sp. nov.
Pl. II, fig. 2 BunocephalusbifidusEigenmann,inPearson,1924,Ind.Univ.Studies,XI,no,64,9,LakeRogagua (nom.
nud.)
15412,5,typeandcotypes,40-47mm.,creek,Yurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. 15413,2,40and44mm.,lagoon,LagoRogagua,Bolivia,Pearson,November,1921. This Bunocephalus was named and not described in the Pearson veport. Clearly differentiated from all other species of Bunocephalus by the bifid postmental barbel.
Head 5.5; depth about 8; D. 5; A. 7-9; width at base of pectoral 3.66-3.8 in the length; depth of head 2 in the distance between snout and pectoral; distance between snout and dorsal 2.6 in the length; nuchal plate a thin, low crest, entire, or with very slightly indented margin; dorsal knob scarcely, if at all, distinct; tail slender (Plate II); coracoid processes short, scarcely reaching the middle of the short pectoral spine, their length scarcely half the distance between their bases; interorbital equals snout and eye; teeth very minute.
Maxillary barbel reaching to or beyond base of pectoral; mental barbels about reaching the postmentals; postmental barbels bifid, one of the rami always shorter; pectoral pore large.
Dorsal rounded or the first ray longest; caudal shghtly rounded, 4 in the length; anal basis 5-7 in the length; pectoral spines not near reaching ventrals, not quite equal to the head length.
Ashen, dorsal and posterior part of the caudal black, margined with light and with a few light spots; basal portion of caudal lighter; pectorals, ventrals, and anal spotted or mottled. Back in front of the dorsal and two or three spots behind the dorsal ashen; sides dark with fine vertical light lines.
The specimens from Rogagua are lighter in color than the rest. The postmental barbels have a scale-like bract at their base, in one of the specimens; the left barbel with a short outer branch near its base, the right one a small wart in place of it; in the second specimen only the bracts are present besides the barbel. The vertical white lines on the sides are largely due to large, white papillae. 8. BUNOCEPHALUS HAGGINI Eigenmann and Allen, sp. nov.
Petite 15408,1,94mm.,type,AmazonatIquitos,Allen,September,1920.
15979,4,45-115mm.,paratypes,Iquitos,Morris,1922.
15409,2,68and69mm.,Maciel,Brazil,Haseman,1909.
15410,1,61mm.,Santarem,Brazil,Haseman,1909.
Head 4.6; depth at tip of coracoid process 7 or 8; D. 5; A. 7 or 8; width at base of pectorals 3-3.3; head depressed, its depth about 2 in the distance between the snout and pectoral; distance between snout and dorsal 2.2—2.5 in the length; nuchal plate a thin crest with two feeble knobs, a separate knob in front of the dorsal; crests on head all low; snout truncate; tail tapering; coracoid processes very
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 87 slightly converging, longer (16 mm.) in type and large specimens than the space between their bases (11 mm. in type); the processes shorter than the space in the smallest; interorbital equals the snout plus the eye; maxillary barbel reaching to or a little beyond origin of pectoral; teeth feeble or none; a large pectoral pore. Dorsal rays nearly coterminous; caudal rounded, equals distance between snout and pectoral; anal rounded, its base 5.5—6.6 in the length; ventrals not reaching the anal; pectoral spines much longer than the head, reaching beyond coracoid process, to the ventrals; both margins with strong hooks. A rhomboidal area in front of the dorsal, including the entire top of the head, lilac to brown; two blotches of similar color behind the dorsal; the body dark, with a few small light spots, barbels banded; fins black with a few lighter spots, the tips narrowly light. Near coracoideus, differing as indicated above.
9. BUNOCEPHALUS CORACOIDEUS (Cope) DysichthyscoracoideusCope,1874,Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,XXVI,133,Nauta; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 681, Nauta; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 20; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 380. BunocephalusbicolorHaseman(part),1911,b,Ann.CarnegieMus.,VII,321. Cope erected the genus Dysichthys upon the supposed absence of all barbels except the maxillary. Haseman examined the types and says that all barbels are present, although minute in small specimens and increasing with age. Known only from the types collected at Nauta, in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy, and from Haseman’s specimens at Pittsburgh. Family II: Pimelodidae A family of many genera and species, many individuals, widely dispersed, many of extreme size, both large and small. Catfishes with nares remote, with six barbels, and with well-developed adipose; teeth villiform, in bands. In common with the Siluridae having the reduced maxillaries, the margins of the upper jaws formed by the premaxillaries alone. Gill-membranes usually free from the isthmus, but sometimes freely united across it; nares widely separated, without barbels. Subfamily: CALLOPHYSINAE Distinguished from the Ariinae by the well-developed adipose, the six barbels, and the widely spaced nares; from the nearby Pimelodinae by the incisor-like teeth, which form a double series above, and a single series below. Genus 3: CALLOPHYSUS Miiller and Troschel CallophysusMiillerandTroschel,1849,HoraeIchth.,IIT,1,sp.; Bleeker,1863,Nederl.Tijdsch.Dierk.,I,101,macropterus; EigenmannandEKigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sei.,1,94; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,148.
@ 9) FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA PimelotropisGill,1859,Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,196,lateralis=macropterus. PseudocallophysusBleeker,1863,Nederl.Tijdsch.Dierk.,I,102,ctenodus=macropterus. Type: Pimelodus macropterus Lichtenstein The Amazons northward Only one series of teeth in lower jaw, two in the upper, the inner much the smaller and more or less concealed; first dorsal and pectoral rays not spine-like nor longer than the following rays; adipose long and narrow; wedge-shaped fontanel between the eyes and a circular one at the base of the occipital crest. 10. CALLOPHYSUS MACROPTERUS (Lichtenstein) PimelodusmacropterusLichtenstein,1819,Wiede.Zool.Mag.,I,iii,59,Brazil. CallophysusmacropterusMillerandTroschelinSchomburgk,1848,Brit.Guiana,629,Essequibo; Ginther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 137; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 95; Kigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 382; EKigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,148; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XCI, 222, Contamana. Pimelotropis lateralis Gill, 1859, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 196. Callophysus lateralis Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 136; Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. Kk. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XIV, 105, Tabatinga; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 676, Peruvian Amazon; Regan, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), XII, 281, Rio Ucayali. PimelodusctenodusCastelnau,1855,Anim.Amér.Sud,Poiss.,35. Amazon valley northward to Caribbean Subfamily: PIMELODINAE That division of the family having a free union of gill-membranes and teeth in villiform bands.
Genus 4: PIMELODINA Steindachner Pimelodina Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. Kix. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XIV, 101; BigenmannandHigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,101; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 383. Type: Pimelodina flavipinnis Stemdachner Throughout Amazon valley A genus distinguished for its elongated, nearly conical snout projecting beyond lower jaw; teeth weak and in narrow bands; adipose fin long; dorsal and pectoral fins with first rays elongated and articulated; dorsal and anal fins emarginate. 11. PIMELODINA FLAVIPINNIS Steindachner Pimelodina flavipinnis Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXIV, 102, pl. xii, fig.2,Para;
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 89 EigenmannandHigenmann,1890,Oce.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,101; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,383.
The Amazon from Peru to Para 15759,1,315mm.,Manaos,Brazil,Allen,December,1920.
15952,1,275mm.,Iquitos,Morris,1922.
Genus 5: MICROGLANIS Eigenmann MicroglanisEigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,155.
Type: Microglanis poecilus Kigenmann Small Pimelodids having a very broad, naked head, very short occipital crest not approximating the dorsal fin; premaxillary teeth lacking a backward-projecting angle on the sides. Our collections extend the range from the Guianas to the upper Maranon.
12. MicroGLaNis zoNATUS Eigenmann and Allen, sp. nov.
Plate III, figs. 1 and 2 15890, 1, 24 mm., type, Rio Morona (?), Allen, 1920.
This minute specimen might be Microglanis poecilus Eigenmann if it were not for the hooks on the anterior edge of the pectoral spine. In two of the cotypes of M. poecilus the anterior hooks of the pectoral spine are in part retrorse, part antrorse, the hook on the dividing line near the center of the spine being Y-shaped, the outer arm being antrorse like the hooks toward the end of the spine, the inner being retrorse like the hooks toward the base of the spine. In the specimen of the present species the hooks are all retrorse on one of the pectoral spines, and all but the ultimate one on the other spine. (Plate ITI, fig. 2.)
Length of base of caudal 19 mm.; width of head equal to its length, 5.5 mm.; snout 2 mm., interorbital 3 mm., eye 1 mm., dorsal spine 3 mm., pectoral 4 mm.; D. I, 6; A. 9 (2); maxillary barbel reaching a little beyond tip of humeral spine; outer mental barbel a little beyond base of pectoral; color as in poecilus; snout variegated; top of head dark, the dark area continued as a bar to the lower angle of the opercle; a light bar from pectoral across opercle to opposite pectoral; a dark bar from humeral process to humeral process, joined above to similar bar from base of all but the last dorsal ray to the level of the humeral process; a Y-shaped band encircling the body near origin of anal, the anterior arm of the Y continued as a quadrate spot on the back, the posterior arm narrowly continued across the adipose, the lower arm across the anal; a narrow black band across the base of the caudal rays continued forward on the caudal peduncle, a narrow arm of the continued portion meeting its fellow at the anterior end of the dorsal fulcra of the caudal; margin of the dorsal white, a submarginal dark band; base of spine colorless, bases of the dorsal rays except the last black, the basal black united with the submarginal band in front; a wedge-shaped hyaline area with a few dots between the basal and
90 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA submarginal band from the second ray back; irregular cross-bars on the caudal becoming more intense backward; anal speckled, with the black cross-band in front; ventrals speckled; pectorals speckled, with a dark band across its middle. Genus 6: ZUNGARO Bleeker ZungaroBleeker,1863,Nederl.Tijdsch.Dierk.,I,101,zuwngaro; Kigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, II, 384. PseudopimelodusEigenmannandEigenmann(part),1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,112. Type: Pimelodus zungaro Humboldt La Plata and upper Amazon basins Restricting Pseudopimelodus to the raninus-group of species, and retaining Bleeker’s genus Zungaro, 1t may be characterized as having an intermanxillary band of teeth with a backward-projecting angle; the eye small and anterior; dorsal and pectoral spines short with thick cord of skin covering and prolonging them. Head as wide as long, frontal very narrow, occipital process short and notched at the tip for the reception of the much longer dorsal plate. 13. ZUNGARO ZUNGARO (Humboldt) PimeloduszungaroHumboldt,1833,Obs.Zool.,II,170,pl.xlvi,fig.1,Marafion; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss, XV, 160. Zungaro zungaro Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 101; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 384. Pseudopimelodus zungaro Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (2), I, 122; Jigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sei, I, 112. Pimelodus bufonius Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 155; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 675, Peruvian Amazon. Throughout upper Amazon and La Plata Popularly known throughout Loreto as the zungaro. Other large Pimelodinae given the same name, sometimes qualified by such an adjective as blanco or negro. Often seen, but not collected, mostly by reason of the size and attendant difficulty of preservation.
Genus 7: PSEUDOPIMELODUS Bleeker Pseudopimelodus Bleeker, 1858, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Siluri, 196, sp.; Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, bufontus = zungaro; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 108. Type: Pimelodus raninus Cuvier and Valenciennes Rio Magdalena everywhere to Rio de La Plata Head rather broad and not produced; teeth well developed, vomer edentulous; head covered by skin, neither plated nor granulated; eye beneath skin, without free orbital margin; intermaxillary teeth without angle projecting backward; adipose fin short; barbels terete.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 91 14. PsrUDOPIMELODUS PULCHER Boulenger Pimelodus(Pseudopimelodus)pulcherBoulenger,1887,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,276,pl.xxi,fig.1, Canelos.
PseudopimeloduspulcherEigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sei.,I,111; Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Scei., (4), X XIII, 92, Tingo de Pauea, Alto Marafion. BatrachoglanispulcherEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,383. Eastern Ecuador and Upper Maranon 15. PSEUDOPIMELODUS RANINUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes) Pimelodus raninus Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 157, Rio de Janeiro. Pseudopimelodus raninus Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KKK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 4, one specimen, 100 mm., Rio Huallaga; Kigenmann and Kigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 111. Batrachoglanis raninus Gill, 1858, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y., VI, 389; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 383. Rio Huallaga to the Guianas and Rio de Janeiro Genus 8: CHASMOCRANUS Eigenmann ChasmocephalusEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,384,preoccupied. ChasmocranusEigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,160. Type: Chasmocranus longior Eigenmann The Guianas to the upper Maranon and southeastern Brazil Cranial roof naked, fontanel narrow and reaching base of occipital, interrupted in interorbital region and again back of eye level; occipital crest short and narrow; eye superior, without free orbital margin. First rays of dorsal and pectoral soft; origin of ventrals nearly under the origin of the dorsal; adipose fin low and free from caudal; anal short; caudal forked. Premaxillary tooth-area subrhomboidal, its outer posterior angle extending caudally. Snout not prolonged, barbels not flattened.
16. CHASMOCRANUS QUADRIZONATUS Pearson ChasmocranusquadrizonatusPearson,1937a,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sei.,(4),XXIII,93,TingodePauca andPusoc,upperMaranon,twospecimens,types.
17. CHASMOCRANUS PERUANUS Eigenmann and Pearson, sp. nov. Plate ITI, figs. 3 and 4 15869, 2, cotypes, 60 and 63 mm., Puerto Melendez below Pongo de Manseriche, Rio Maranon, Allen, October, 1920.
Related to C. longior from which it differs in possessing a deeply forked caudal, a narrower head, and longer barbels.
Head 4.66—4.8; depth 8 and 9; D. 7; A. 10; eye 4.25 and 5; width of the head
92 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 1.33 in its length; eye about equal to the interorbital width; head slightly convex; tail compressed; tip of the occipital crest nearer the origin of the dorsal than the tip of the snout; anterior nostril much nearer the snout than to the posterior nostril; mouth subterminal, the upper jaw slightly the longer; depth of the premaxillary band of teeth 2 times in its length; maxillary barbels extending slightly beyond the origin of the ventrals, outer mentals to the base of the pectorals, inner mentals to the gill opening; distance of the dorsal from the tip of the snout 2.6 times in the length; origin of the ventrals below the second dorsal ray; origin of the anal posterior to the origin of the adipose; adipose fin 3.5 in the length; caudal rather deeply forked, the upper lobe the longer, considerably longer than the head. Brownish, a dark humeral spot, otherwise unmarked.
Genus 9: NANNOGLANIS Boulenger NannoglanisBoulenger,1887,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,278,pl.xxi,fig.3,Canelos; EKigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 146; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 385. Type: Nannoglanis fasciatus Boulenger Eastern Ecuador to southeastern Brazil Anal short, having only 8 rays; dorsal entirely behind the vertical from the ventrals; dorsal lacking a pungent spine; fontanel continued to the base of the occipital process which does not reach the dorsal plate; head longer than broad, but not produced into an elongated snout; vomer and palatine edentulous; narial barbels wanting; eye superior; head enclosed in skin; adipose large, caudal truncate. 18. NANNOGLANIS FAScIATUS Boulenger NannoglanisfasciatusBoulenger,1887,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,278,pl.xxi,fig.3,Canelos; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Oce. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 147; tJ Sa Higenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 385. Eastern slopes of Ecuador, piedmont zone Genus 10: RHAMDIA Bleeker Pimelodus Lacépéde, 1803, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, sp.; Cuvier, 1817, Régne Animal, II, 203, sp.; Ginther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, sp.
Rhamdia Bleeker, 1858, Iechth. Arch. Ind. Siluri, I, 197, 207, sp; Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 101, quelenz; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci, I, 116; ERigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, HI, 385. Type: Pimelodus quelen Quoy and Gaimard Mexico to La Plata and Peru Fontanel terminating at the eye level; occipital process not reaching dorsal plate; top of head enclosed in skin, not granulated; head longer than broad, snout