ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 165 BKigenmannandHigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,348; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 315. CyclopiumsabaloEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,ITI,417. From the Urubamba to upper Huallaga tributaries —— 1, 135 mm., Ollantaitambo, Rio Urubamba, 9000 feet elevation. ———, 5, 58-80 mm., Puquiura, 9500 feet, E. Heller, E. C. Erdis. The latter specimens in bad condition,andidentificationuncertain.
15070,9,107-168mm.,Urubamba,RioUrubamba,Kigenmann,November,1918. NEO , Ollantaitambo, Eigenmann, November, 1918. 15443,1,114mm.,Torontoy,RioUrubamba,Higenmann,November,1918. 15444, 4, 183-180 mm., San Miguel, Urubamba, Eigenmann, November, 1918. 15445,3,180-220mm.,MandorPampa,Eigenmann,November,1918. 15446,19,62-91mm.,Culpani,Eigenmann,November,1918. 15447,many,25-75mm.,SantaAna,RioChupapa,Eigenmann,November,1918. 17820,13,85-115mm.,Ollantaitambo,Eigenmann,November,1918. 17825, 8, 483-89 mm., Huancayo, Mantaro valley, Eigenmann, September, 1918. 17826,1,102mm.,Huancachupacreek,Hunuco,Allen,October,1918. 17827,1,110mm.,mouthRioTingo,Huanuco,Allen,October,1918. Thelastaveryemaciatedspecimenwiththin,nearlymembraneousadiposefin. 17828,4,72-118mm.,RioHuallaga,Hudnuco,Allen,October,1918. 9971-9983, Field Mus., 13, 123-204 mm., Culeui, J. T. Zimmer, Dec. 1922. Of the material collected at Culeui, and determined by N. E. Pearson, I examined numbers 9971, 9972, 9977, and 9982. (W.R.A.) They show certain consistent differences in comparison with the material collected on the Urubamba: Dorsal basis in length without caudal fin Head in length Astroblepus sabalo from Culeui........... 7.1-7.6 3.7-4.0 | Much longer dorsal Astroblepus sabalo from the Urubamba 10.1-10.8 3.3-3.7 | Larger head Specimens of about equal length were used.
129. ASTROBLEPUS PRENADILLA (Cuvier and Valenciennes) Brontes prenadilla Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 343, pl. 445, Cotopaxi; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 224. Arges prenadilla Steindachner, 1882, Denksch. KIX. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 20, pl. vi, fig. 5, Peru; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Oce. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 348; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 316. Cyclopium prenadilla Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 417. The Andes of Peru 15069, , Rio Yanahuana, Cerro de Pasco, Murdock, December, 1918. 130. ASTROBLEPUS BOULENGERI (Regan) StyogeneshumboldtiiGiinther(nonSwainson),1864,Cat.Fish.Brit.Mus.,V,223; Boulenger,1887,Proce.Zool.Soe.London,276,pl.xxi,fig.2. Argesboulenger?Regan,1904,Trans.Zool.Soc.London,XVII,310. Cyclopiumcyclopum(inpart)EigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,T,350. CyclopiumboulengeriEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,417.
166 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Canelos, Ecuador known only from three specimens of the Buckley collection; length 70 mm. 131. ASTROBLEPUS LONGIFILIS (Steindachner) Arges longifilis Steindachner, 1882, Denksch. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 19, pl. v, fig. 3 and 3b; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sei., I, 349; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soe. London, XVII, 314. Cyclopium longifile Kigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 417. Astroblepus longifilis Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), XXIII, 94, one, 27 mm., Balsas, upper Maranon.
North-central Peru, mountain streams Specimens from Rios Totora and Huambo reached 180 mm. 132. ASTROBLEPUS SUPRAMOLLIS Pearson Astroblepus supramollis Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (4), X XIII, 94, many, 24-80 mm., Tingo de Pauca and Balsas, Upper Maranon. Upper Maranon Distinguished from A. sabalo chiefly on the basis of the lower adipose fin and spots of uniform brown rather than marbled effect. [Known only from Pearson’s collection.
133. ASTROBLEPUS LABIALIS Pearson Astroblepus labialis Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), X XIIT, 95, pl. xii, fig. 4, seven, Balsas, upper Maranon.
Upper Maranon Known only from the Pearson collection; noteworthy for the extreme width of the lips, and their fleshy form. 134. ASTROBLEPUS PERUANUS (Steindachner) Arges peruanus Steindachner, 1875, Sitzb. KIX. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XII, 601, pl. ix, figs. 3-6; Steindachner, 1879, Denkseh. IkIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLI, 173, four, Amable Maria, Tambillo, Peru; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Oce. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 349; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 317. Cyclopium peruanus Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 417. Astroblepus peruanus Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), X XT, 94, many, Cajamarca, 24-62mm.inlength.
Peruvian Andes 135. ASTROBLEPUS SIMONSII (Regan) Arges simonsti Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soe. London, X VII, 317, pl. xxi, fig. 9. Cyclopium simonsii Pigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, II, 417.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES Near Huaraz, Peru Five specimens up to 80 mm. in length, collected by P. O. Simons at elevation 10,700 feet; it is doubtful whether this record belongs to the Atlantic drainage; if the elevation given is correct, the nearest point of such low altitude on the Atlantic side is far to the interior from Huaraz. Ri Fia. 20. Fishing-camp on the Rio Pacaya. My party, at its noontime bivouac,encountersPadreAugustino,whoseparishwouldmakeanempire. 136. ASTROBLEPUS TACZANOWSKIU (Boulenger) Arges sabalo (in part) Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. Kx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX.XIT, 598. ArgestaczanowskiiBoulenger,1890,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,451,pl.xh,fig.1; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soe. London, XVII, 315. Cyclopium taczanowskii Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 417 Amable Maria, Peru 137. ASTROBLEPUS MANCOI Eigenmann (and Myers) Plate XI, figs. 1-7 Astroblepus mancot Eigenmann (in Myers), 1928, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10), II, 85. Alto Urubamba river = : , Rio Comberciato, Urubamba, Peru, elevation 1800 feet, Heller. A species similar to A. trifasciatus and A. taczanowskii, named for the Inc: Ayar Manco, colonizer of Cuzeo, the ‘‘Moses of the Peruvian Indians,” AY M l fe tl M f the Peruvian Indian about 1100 A. D. led the exodus from Tampu-tocco. who,
168 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Head 3.5; depth 5.33-6.0; D. I, 6; A. I, 5 or I, 6.
Adipose fin high, arched, beginning at the tip of the depressed dorsal spine or farther forward, terminating at root of caudal in a minute spine, much more rarely continued without notch to the caudal.
Maxillary barbel ending about midway between posterior margin of lip and gill opening; teeth of anterior premaxillary series rather large, pointed or truncate, the median pair usually bicuspid; nasal flap pointed, not produced in a barblet; interorbital less than the distance between the eyes and the posterior nares; width of head very little less than its length; distance between snout and dorsal 2.25—-2.4 in the length; dorsal spine prolonged, equal to head less space in front of anterior nares, the length of the rays diminishing from the first backward; adipose spine fleshy, bearing a few spinules, its tip usually continuous with the margin of the adipose ridge, a distinct notch behind it, a small membrane attaching the spine to the back, the spine rarely absent, the ridge with or without a posterior notch; caudal deeply emarginate, the lobes as long as the head or considerably longer; anal in male with second ray slightly shorter than those in front of or behind it; anal in female with the spine longest, the rays graduated; origin of the ventrals under or in front of the origin of the dorsal, reaching about three-fourths to the anus, about equal to the length of the head behind the nares; pectoral filament about as long as the head, reaching a little beyond the middle of the ventrals. Color variable, rarely uniform dark brown, without spots on the fins, sometimes with a variable, light margin along posterior half of adipose ridge and a variable light band downward from the adipose spine. In addition there is a series of individuals with regular modifications from the smallest to the largest: in the smallest are three large, light areas, one in front of the dorsal, one behind it, and one across posterior portion of adipose, with a dark band across the caudal; these light areas become marbled and gradually fade with age, and the caudal becomes spotted.
138. ASTROBLEPUS UBIDIATI (Pellegrin) Cyclopium ubidiai Pellegrin, 1931, Rev. Suisse Zool., XX XVITT, 113-115, fig. 1. Ecuadorean highlands 139. ASTROBLEPUS LONGICEPS Pearson Astroblepus longiceps Pearson, 1924, Ind. Univ. Studies, XI, no. 64, 15, pl. ui, fig. 5, Rio Colorado, lowerBopi,Bolivia.
Eastern slopes of Peru and Bolivia 15069 and 17584, many, 20-58 mm. without caudal, Rio Yanahuana, Murdock, December, 1918. A species near A. prenadilla, more attenuated, although the width of the head in the length is the same as in A. sabalo; no indication of marbling in our specimens. Appears to be confined to the Atlantic drainage.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 169 140. ASTROBLEPUS PRAELIORUM Allen, sp. nov.
Plate XIII, figs. 6-7 17821,31,30-54mm.,Tarma,Kigenmann,September,1918.
17822,many,46-78mm.,withoutcaudal,Palea,Eigenmann,September,1918. 17823,4,47-54mm.,Huancayo,Eigenmann,September,1918.
17824,1,55mm.,Oroya,EigenmannandAllen,September,1918.
17829,2,38and58mm.,Huancachupacreek,Hudnuco,Allen,October,1918. Upper Mantaro and Huallaga basins Similar to A. sabalo and longiceps, less robust than the first, and more so than the latter; characterized by the truncate caudal fin, short, low adipose, small eye, and lack of filamentous prolongation of the pectoral, ventral, and caudal fins, except for the occasional slight growth of one or more of them. Head 3.9-4.1; width of head about equal to the length; D. I, 4, short; distance from eye to first dorsal ray 3.5-3.8 in the length (3.8-4.5 in an A. sabalo of the same length); adipose variable, but short and separated from dorsal by more or less the length of the folded dorsal, membrane of adipose not well developed, adipose never deep, spineless; P. I, 8-9, its spine slightly protracted, 1.25-1.3 in the head, and overlapping first third of the ventrals; V. I, 3-4, its spinous ray slightly protracted, or not at all, and well separated from the anus; A. 5-6, small; the first rays of the fins close set with curved spines directed posteriorly; ventral spine especially broad; caudal fin truncate.
Eye small, and nearly concealed; triangular nasal flap separating nares, not extending into a barbel at its tip; nares 1.25-1.33 times the interocular space from the eye; maxillary barbel not, or scarcely, reaching the edge of the opercle. The Tarma specimens show faintly the marbled effect which characterizes our specimens of A. sabalo; Palca specimens have it in a scarcely perceptible degree; general color a light, chocolate brown.
Complimentary to the Hermanos Praeli, merchants of Tarma and La Merced, who were instrumental in procuring facilities and who aided the collecting in person. Family TX: Callichthyidae G7l/ Callichthyoidet Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 82. Siluridae proteropodes (in part) Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 4. (In part Hypostomatinae).
CallichthyidaeGill,1872,ArrangementoftheFamiliesofFishes,19; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Oce. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 449; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 401; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 214; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 1-29.
South American Nematognathi, best characterized by the two series of lateral plates, one above the other, meeting along their length in a serrated line; mouth terminal, small, lower lip not reverted; teeth villiform; cavity of the air bladder communicating with the exterior by means of a long narrow slit in the temporal plate and by the last of a series of slits below the long one. Panama to La Plata basin, foothills of the Andes to the Atlantic
170 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Genus 65: CALLICHTHYS Linnaeus Callichthys Linnaeus, 1754, Amoen. Acad., I, 317; Gronow,1763,Zoophyl.,127; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 294; Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 82; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sei., I, 451; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 401; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 6. CataphractusBloch.1794,Ausl.Fische,VIII,80,preoccupied; Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 124; Swainson, 1839, Fish. Amph. Rept., II, 304. Type: Silurus callichthys Linnaeus Trinidad to La Plata basin Two pairs of nuchal plates between occiput and dorsal plate; suture between coracoid processes extending almost horizontally to the posterior margin of the pectoral armature; a large opening between coracoid and clavicle below and in front of the pectoral spine; coracoid covered with skin; sides of the head without bristles; mental barbels wanting; lower jaw with bands of teeth on the sides, small; a naked area along dorsal and ventral surfaces; suborbital bones concealed; dorsal spine rudimentary; caudal rounded.
141. CALLICHTHYS CALLICHTHYS Linnaeus CallichthystamoataLinnaeus,1754,Mus.AdolphiFred.,734; Bleeker,1864,SiluresdeSuriname,22.
Silurus callichthys Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 307, America; Linnaeus,1766,Syst.Nat.ed.12,I,506; Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., I, 1361.
CataphractuscallichthisBloch,1794,Ausl.Fische,VIII,86,pl.377,fig.1; Bloch and Schneider, 1801, Syst. Ichth., 107; Lacépéde, 1803, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 124. CataphractuscallichthysEigenmannandEigenmann,1888,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sei.,(2),I,164. CallichthyscallichthysEigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,452; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 402; Higenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 215; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 6. Callichthys asper Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 226; Castelnau, 1855, Anim. Amér. Sud, Poiss., 38; Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 275, Rio Ambyiacu; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 681, Nauta. Patagonia to the Guianas and Peruvian Andes 15711,6,68-123mm.,creek,Yurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. 16133, 1, 136 mm., Lago Cashiboya, Allen, August, 1920. Genus 66: HOPLOSTERNUM Gill Callichthys (part) Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 294. Hoplosternum Gill, 1858, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VI, 395;
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES wal EKigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 164; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Oce. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 456; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 402; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 216; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 6. Type: Callichthys laevigatus Cuvier and Valenciennes Trinidad to Rio Plata and Peruvian Andes Coracoid process naked, the bone united to clavicle for the entire length; mandibular symphysis and lower lip without barbels; two at each rictus; a long naked area on venter; dorsal spine low and flat; pectoral spine in young serrate on inner margin.
142. HopLosTERNUM LITTORALE (Hancock) Callichthys littoralis Hancock, 1828, Zool. Jour., IV, 244, Demarara; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 227, British Guiana; Steindachner, 1882, Denksch. KIX. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 6, one, 105 mm., Rio Huallaga. HoplosternumlittoraleEigenmannandEigenmann,1888,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sci.,(2),I,164,Surinam to Tabatinga; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sei., I, 456; Jigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 402; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 217, pl. xxiv, fig. 1; Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 8. Trinidad to Rio Plata and Peruvian Andes 16136,1,218mm.,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920.
The single specimen of good size appears to belong here. The occipital plate reaches to the fontanel; the azygous plates, ten in number, reach the dorsal. 143. HopLosTERNUM THORACATUM (Cuvier and Valenciennes) Callichthys thoracatus Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 309, pl. 443; Gunther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 228; Regan, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), XII, 281, Rio Ucayali. Hoplosternum thoracatum Gill, 1858, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VI, 396; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 164; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers. Cal. Acad. Sei., I, 458; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 402; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 218, pl. xxiv, fig. 2. HoplosternumthoracatumthoracatumGosline,1940,StanfordIchth.Bull.,II,1,7. Hoplosternum longifilis Gill, 1858, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VI, 396; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., X VII, 681, Nauta. Amazon northward 15710, 2, 63-69 mm., creek, Yurimaguas, Allen, November, 1920. 16135,3,143-168mm.,creek,Yurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. 16134, 4, 77-93 mm., brook near Rio Itaya, Iquitos, Allen, September, 1920. Considerable variation in form and color.
172 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Caudal with three bands; pectoral reaching ventrals or far beyond origin of the latter; occipital reaching the elongate fontanel; caudal rounded or slightly emarginate.
In 16135, the occipital is truncate behind, with a narrow naked stretch between the occipital and the pair of bones behind it.
15712, 1, 141 mm., Iquitos, Allen, September, 1920. 15793, 1, 163 mm., Iquitos, Morris, 1922.
16130, 2, 142 and 144 mm., brook near Rio Itaya, Iquitos, Allen, Sept. 1920. 16131, 15, 46-141 mm., creek, Yurimaguas, Allen, November, 1920. Caudal without a band; fontanel circular in 16130, 15712, and 15973; the occipital pointed in front, not reaching the fontanel; in 16131 the occipital reaching the fontanel or not.
Caudal bands in all cases faint at base and extremity of fin; in middle of fin broad, deep, irregular, as though formed by the coalescence of many minute spots. The younger specimens (16134) have three faint bands on ventral; in older specimens either more diffuse, or two fainter bands. One specimen alone has pectoral extended to middle of ventral (16135). This one also has a cirrus caudal of the anus; coracoid plates broader than in other specimens, nearly meeting in middle line (sexual characters?). The Amsterdam specimens from Guiana have coracoids meeting for whole length. 144. HopLOSTERNUM MELAMPTERUM (Cope) CallichthysmelampterusCope,1871,Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,275,pl.xiv,fig.4,Ambyiacuriver. HoplosternummelampterusEigenmannandEigenmann,1888,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sci.,(2),I,165. HoplosternummelampterumEigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sei.,I,461. Cataphractops melampterus Gosline, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., I, 1,9. Rio Ambyiacu. Known only from the types at the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. 145. HopLosTERNUM SHIRUI Fowler Hoplosternum shirui Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 232, figs. 18-20, two, type andparatype,122and125mm.,Contamana,Peru.
HoplosternumlittoraleGosline,1940,StanfordIchth.Bull.,IT,1,8. Near Hoplosternum melampterum Cope.
Known only from the types.
Genus 67: DECAPOGON Eigenmann and Eigenmann DecapogonEigenmannandEKigenmann,1888,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sci.,(2),I,165; figenmannandEKigenmann,1890,Oce.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,461. Type: Callichthys adspersus Steindachner Porto do Moz and Rio Huallaga Separable from Hoplosternum on the basis of its 4-6 barbels on the lower lip; plates extended ventrally to cover belly; dorsal spine high and pointed, subterete; pectoral spine serrate on inner margin, more finely toothed on outer margin.