ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 269 Cope, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 265, Rio Ambyiacu, Hauxwell collection; Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. Kk. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 13, one, Amazon at Iquitos.
Thoracocharax stellatus Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 452; Kigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 489. Orinoco, Amazons, and Paraguay basins 15619,2,76and80mm.,LagoSanango,Yurimaguas,Allen,October,1920. 15620,2,62and72mm.,Gosulimacocha,RioMorona,Allen,October,1920. 15621,27,40-58mm.,creek,RioMorona,Allen,October,1920. Head 3.33-3.8; depth 1.6-1.87; D. II, 12 to II, 15, usually II, 18; A. III, 35 to III, 39; lateral line 18-20; pectoral 1.8—2.0 in the combined length of head and trunk; eye 3.0; interorbital 2.0—2.66.
348. THORACOCHARAX PECTOROSUS (Garman) GasteropelecuspectorosusGarman,1890,Bull.EssexInst.,XXII,9. ThoracocharaxpectorosusEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,440; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XCI, 264, fig. 3, one, 94 mm., Contamana. GasteropelecussecurisFilippi,1853,Rev.Mag.Zool.,165,RioNapo. Gasteropelecus stellatus (non Kner) Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 452, Pebas. Peruvian Amazon Genus 1385: CARNEGIELLA Eigenmann Carnegiella Eigenmann, 1909, Ann. Carnegie Mus., VI, 13; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 439; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 378.
Type: Gasteropelecus strigatus Gunther Guianas and Peruvian Amazon Unlike Gasteropelecus in the lack of adipose fin; premaxillary with about nine tricuspid teeth in a series; maxillary with a single large, conical tooth at its upper anterior angle.
349. CARNEGIELLA STRIGATA (Gunther) Plate XIV, fig. 5 Gasteropelecus strigatus Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 343; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 57. CarnegiellastrigataKigenmann,1909,Ann.CarnegieMus.,VI,13; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 439; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 378, pl. lv, figs. 2 and 3. GasteropelecusfasciatusGarman,1890,Bull.EssexInst.,XXII,10; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 57. Peruvian Amazon and Guianas
270 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA This delightful miniature sailing fish, according to Stoye, was first introduced into aquaria by Fritz Mayer, in 1910, the source of the specimens unknown. ———, 5, 22-30 mm., woodland brook near Iquitos, Allen, September, 1920. Subfamily: AGONIATINAE Genus 136: PARAGONIATES Steindachner Paragoniates Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. Kix. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XIV, 117; Higenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 441. Type: Paragoniates alburnus Steindachner Maranon to southeastern Brazil Dorsal fin in a posterior position, short; body narrow, much compressed; anal fin very long; jaw-teeth in single series, larger incisors with 1-2 lateral cusps; gape long; scales large; lateral line poorly developed except on forward part of trunk. 350. PARAGONIATES ALBURNUS Steindachner Paragoniates alburnus Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. KKK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX-XIV, 117, pl. viii, fig.3,Canelos; Boulenger,1887,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,281; EKigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 441. Solimoes and Maranon valley ———, 5, 48-61 mm., Rio Morona, Allen, October, 1920. Determination by G. 8S. Myers; Boulenger points out the considerable width of the mouth, the interruption of the lateral line, and slight precedence of the anal with respect to the backward dorsal.
Genus 137: LEPTAGONIATES Boulenger LeptagoniatesBoulenger,1887,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,281; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 441. Type: Leptagoniates steindachneri Boulenger Range that of the one species Body very elongate and compressed; gape of mouth narrow; premaxillary, maxillary, and mandible with single series of tricuspid teeth; dorsal fin short, posterior to middle of body, and remotely beyond ventrals; anal very long, nearly two-thirds total length of the fish; lateral line complete. 351. LEPTAGONIATES STEINDACHNERI Boulenger Leptagoniates steindachneri Boulenger, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 282, pl. xxi, fig. 3; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 441. Sarayacu, Peru Known from the unique type 95 mm. in length.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 271 Fifth Division—Hepsetine Group of Subfamilies Sarcodacinae Gregory and Conrad, 1938, Zoologica, XXIII, 321, 338. HepsetinaeHubbs,1939,Copeia,168,byreplacementofSarcodacesGiintherwithHepsetusSwainson. Subfamily: CYNODONTINAE Genus 188: RHAPHIODON Agassiz RhaphiodonAgassiz,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pise.Bras.,59; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 444. Cynodon Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 15. Type: Rhaphiodon vulpinus Spix Range that of the one species Little compressed, large oblique mouth; teeth sharp both Jaws; maxillaries long, narrow set with smaller teeth; tongue large, free; branchiostegals four, slender; body long, compressed, carinate; pectorals large, ventrals small, anal the broadest. 352. RHAPHIODON VULPINUM Spix RhaphiodonvulpinusSpix,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pisce.Bras.,59; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 467, two, Orton collection; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 444. Raphiodon vulpinus Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 688. Cynodon vulpinus Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 15, Rio Huallaga,threespecimens,310-390mm.
Orinoco basin to that of La Plata 15726,4,240-328mm.,czrca,mouthRioPacaya,Allen,September,1920. 15727,1,305mm.,RioHuallaga,Yurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. ,1,180mm.,LagoCashiboya,Allen,August,1920.
Chambira-challhua is a name reported by Steindachner, its significance not clear, the first part of the name applying to a species of palm used for fiber, the suffix challhua being Quichua for fish. Numbers of specimens believed to belong here were taken in gill-nets, but more or less completely mutilated by caymans and ptranhas.
Genus 139: CYNODON Spix CynodonSpix,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pisce.Bras.,59,76; Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. Kix. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 15; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 444; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 395.
Type: Cynodon gibbus Spix Range that of the type species Separable on the great elongation of the anal fin, about 80 rays, much longer than the preventral area; pectorals reaching anal, dorsal fin above it; scales cycloid.
272 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 353. CYNODON GIBBUM Spix CynodongibbusSpix,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pisce.Bras.,76; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X XII, 333, Amazon; Castelnau, 1855, Anim. Amér. Sud, Poiss., 75, Amazon; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 359; Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KIX. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 15, Rio Huallaga, three specimens } Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 59; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proe. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., LVIII, 467, pl. xxvu; EKigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, II, 444; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 395. Fra.30.ThelowerHuallagariverandnavigationbyraftconstructedofbalsa-wood. Raphiodon gibbus Cope, 1878, Proe. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVI, 688, Peruvian Amazon, two, Orton collection.
Amazon to Rio Mamoré 15734,6,152-230mm.,LagoSanango,Yurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. The popular name dentén (long-tooth) is reported by Steindachner. I found the name peje-perro (dog-fish) commonly current. Genus 140: HYDROLICUS Miller and Troschel Hydrolicus Miller and Troschel, 1844, Arch. Naturg., 93; Miller and Troschel, 1845, Horae Ichth., I, 18;
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 273 Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 444; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 396. Cynodon (part) Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 15. Type: Hydrocyon scomberoides Cuvier Rio Orinoco and Guianas to Rio Araguay and Peru Caudal fin rounded and anal fin short; dorsal in advance of the anal; anal and caudal fins scaled, the scales ctenoid, with pectinate or serrate margins; anal rays about thirty-five.
354. HyDROLICUS SCOMBEROIDES (Cuvier) HydrocynusscomberoidesCuvier,1817,RégneAnim.,IT,168. HydrocyonscomberoidesCuvier,1819,Mém.Mus.Hist.Nat.,V,357,pl.xxvii,fig.2. Hydrolicus scomberoides Miller and Troschel, 1845, Horae Ichth., I, 19, pl. v, fig. 2; Cope, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 292, between Rios Ucayali and Negro, Perkins collection; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 59; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 466; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 444; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,396; Fowler,1939(1940),Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,XCI,267,three,143-180mm.,Contamana. CynodonscomberoidesCuvierandValenciennes,1848,Hist.Nat.Poiss.,XXII,324; Castelnau, 1855, Anim. Amér. Sud, Poiss., 75, pl. xxxix, fig. 2; Ginther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 358; Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 15, Iquitos, two, 230 and260mm.
Caribbean countries to Amazon and Araguay 15733,1,210mm.,czrca,LagoSanango,Allen,November,1920. ,1,260mm.,czrca,Manaos,Allen,December,1920. 15728,1,253mm.,LagoCashiboya,Allen,August,1920. 15729,1,295mm.,Gosulimacocha,Allen,October,1920. 355. HybpROLICUS PECTORALIS (Giinther) Cynodon pectoralis Giinther, 1866, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3), XVIII, 30; Giinther,1868,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,247,Xeberos. Hydrolicus pectoralis Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 688, Nauta, six, Orton collection; Fowler, 1907, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., LVIII, 466, Maranon; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 444. Maranon basin 356. Hyprouicus copetr Gill Hydrolicus copet Gill, 1870, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXII, 93; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 444. Maranon basin Known from the four types collected by Orton.
FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA bo aTS Subfamily: X1PHOSTOMINAE HydrocyninaeEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,446,(hererestricted to African genera).
Niphostomidae Regan, 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), VIII, 13; Jordan, Evermann and Clark, 1928 (1930), Rept. U.S. Comm. Fish., Part IT, 100. Sarcodacinae (in part) Gregory and Conrad, 1938, Zoologica, X XIII, 338. Genus 141: XIPHOSTOMA (Agassiz) HydrocynusandHydrocyonCuvier(inpart),1817,RégneAnim.,IT,167. NXiphostomaAgassiz,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pisce.Bras.,60,78; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 446; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,411; Jordan, 1917, The Genera of Fishes, 132 (Restricting Hydrocynus to the African forskdli Cuvier).
Type: Niphostoma cuvierit Agassiz Guiana to the Peruvian Amazon Body long and cylindrical; snout and mandible much prolonged, forming a beak; both jaws with a series of minute conical teeth; dorsal fin in a posterior position, but nearer the level of the ventrals than to that of the anal; anal short; scales with denticulate margins; lateral line complete. 357. XIPHOSTOMA MACULATUM (Cuvier and Valenciennes) Hydrocynus maculatus Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XXII, 509; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 446. NiphostomamaculatumSteindachner,1882(1883),Denksch.KIx.Akad.Wiss.Wien,XLVI,15,Rio Huallaga, three specimens; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 463. NXiphostoma taedo Cope, 1871 (1872), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XXIII, 267, pl. xin, fig. 2, two, R.Ambyiacu,Hauxwell; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 688, Marafion, Orton. Upper Amazons The garza-challua (challhua) or anas-challua of Steindachner, the former name aptly meaning heron-fish in allusion to the beak. Subfamily: ACESTRORHYNCHINAE AcestrorhamphinaeEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,447; Eigenmann,1922,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,165.
AcestrorhynchinaeEigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,406. Genus 142: ACESTRORHYNCHUS Eigenmann NXiphorhynchusAgassiz,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pisce.Bras.,76,preoccupiedinbirds,1827. NXiphorhamphusMillerandTroschel,1845,Horae.Ichth.,I,17,preoccupiedinbirds,1843. AcestrorhynchusEigenmann,1903,Smithson.Misc.Coll.,XLV,146; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, HI, 447; Rigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,406.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES ? “Jon Acestrorhamphus Eigenmann, 1903, Smithson. Mise. Coll., XLV, 146. Sphyraenocharax Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 460, Xiphorhamphus abbreviatus Cope.
Type: Salmo falcatus Bloch Guiana and Peru to Rio Sao Francisco and Paraguay Premaxillary horizontal, its teeth conical, in a single series; the second tooth (or first) and penultimate are exaggerated, sharp, canine; anterior, upper part of maxillary but little oblique, its teeth similar to those of the premaxillary, the first and fourth or fifth being canine; posterior part of the maxillary abruptly very oblique, and, with the exception of the teeth, entirely concealed by the first suborbital when the mouth is closed; posterior part of the mandible with minute, recurved teeth, preceded by three widely spaced canines, the middle one the largest. Pectorals not reaching the remote ventrals, at any rate not overlapping them; scales cycloid; lateral line complete; tongue long, free. 358. ACESTRORHYNCHUS ABBREVIATUS (Cope) NXiphorhamphusabbreviatusCope,1878,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XVII,687,PeruvianAmazon,Orton collection.
AcestrorhamphusabbreviatusEigenmann,1903,Smithson.Mise.Coll.,XLV,146; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 447. Acestrorhynchus abbreviatus Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 461, fig. 49; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 274, two, 175 and 180 mm., Bajo Ucayali.
Peruvian Amazon and tributaries 359. ACESTRORHYNCHUS FALCIROSTRIS (Cuvier) Hydrocyon falcirostris Cuvier, 1819, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat., V, 361, pl. xxvii, fig. 3. NXiphorhynchusfalcirostrisAgassiz,1829,Sel.Gen.etSpec.Pisce.Bras.,76. NXiphorhamphusfalcirostrisMillerandTroschel,1845,HoraeIchth.,I,18; Ginther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 354; Giinther,1868,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,247,Xeberos,Pebas; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 688, Peruvian Amazon; Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KIX. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 15, Rio Huallaga, one specimen; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV, 58. Acestrorhynchus falcirostris Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 462; Yigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 447; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 273, five, 195-264 mm., Bajo Ucayali. Peruvian Amazon to Guiana and Matto Grosso The vernacular name canero was reported to Steindachner, doubtless meaning carnero. This name is well-earned, but evidently is not in common currency today for these fishes, but is employed only for Hemicetopsis and certain other Pygidiids.
bdo “I =r) FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 360. ACESTRORHYNCHUS HETEROLEPIS (Cope) Xiphorhamphus heterolepis Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 687, Rio Marafion, Orton collection.
AcestrorhynchusheterolepisEigenmann,1903,Smithson.Misc.Coll.,XLV,146; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, 462, fig. 50; HKigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 447. Peruvian Amazonia 361. ACESTRORHYNCHUS FALCATUS (Bloch) Salmo falcatus Bloch, 1794, Ausl. Fische, VIII, 120, pl. 385. NXiphorhynchusfalcatusCuvierandValenciennes,1848,Hist.Nat.Poiss.,XXII,337,part,Surinam; Castelnau, 1855, Anim. Amér. Sud, Poiss., 75, Amazon. XiphorhamphusfalcatusMillerandTroschel,1845,HoraeIchth.,I,17; Gunther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 354. Acestrorhynchus falcatus Eigenmann, 1903, Smithson. Mise. Coll., XLV, 146; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 447; Jigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 407, pl. Ixi, fig. 3. NXiphorhamphus ferox Giinther, 1863, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), XII, 443; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 355; Ginther, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 229, R. Huallaga, Bartlett. Guianas to Rio Paraguay 362. ACESTRORHYNCHUS MICROLEPIS (Schomburgk) HydrocyonmicrolepisSchomburgk,1841,Fish.Brit.Guiana,I,247. Xiphorhamphus microlepis Miller and Troschel, 1845, Horae. Ichth., I, 18; Miller and Troschel, 1848, in Schomburgk, Reisen, ITI, 636; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 355; Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. Kx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 14, Rio Huallaga and Iquitos, two; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV, 58. Acestrorhynchus microlepis Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, II, 447; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 408. Guianas to Rio Huallaga 363. ACESTRORHYNCHUS CACHORRO Fowler Acestrorhynchus cachorro Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 274, fig. 61, Bajo Ucayali.
Known from the types at Philadelphia.
Near A. microlepis (Schomburgk). Cachorro a local name. Sixth Division—Erythrinine Group of Subfamilies Subfamily: LEBIASININAE By reason of the close affinity shown by Gregory and Conrad to exist between the Erythrininae and the more primitive Characinae, such as Brycon, Piabucina,