ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 229 266. CTENOBRYCON HAUXWELLIANUS (Cope) Telragonopterus hauxwellianus Cope, 1870, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XI, 560, Pebas, collected by Hauxwell; Cope,1878,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XVII,691,PeruvianAmazon,Ortoncollection. Astyanax hauxwellianus Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVITT, 340, fig. 28. CtenobryconhauxwellianusEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,435; Eigenmann, 1927, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIII, iv, 331, pl. xxxu, fig. 2; pl. xevili, fig. 7; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XCI, 264, one, 80 mm. long, lower Ucayali, atBocaChica.
The Amazons to Paraguay and Bolivia 15874, 5, 47-63 mm., Rio Ucayali, Contamana, Allen, August, 1920. 15875,34,33-63mm.,samedata.
15876, 1, 56 mm., Yarinacocha, Allen, August, 1920. 15882, 1, 65 mm., mouth Rio Pacaya, Allen, September, 1920. 15883, 4, 37-60 mm., Gosulimacocha, Allen, October, 1920. 15884,10,36-59mm.,creek,Yurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. Occurring in great abundance in certain localities; more than fifty taken by Bourget at Tabatinga, fifty-nine by Orton, numerous specimens by Pearson in the Beni.
Compressed extremely; dorsal profile with ‘‘a distinct hump’’; ventral profile arched extremely and regularly, deepest point at the origin of the anal; the anal basis straight. Silvery lateral band interrupted by a faint vertical humeral spot about the 4th or 5th lateral line scale. Preventral scales serrate. Rakers on lower part of first arch appear to be ten in number and of less length than the corresponding gill-filaments.
Genus 1083: HEMIGRAMMUS Gill Hemigrammus Gill, 1858, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VI, 416; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 435; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,331; Eigenmann, 1918, Mem. Mus. Cemp. Zool., XLII, 1, 135. Type: Poecilurichthys unilineatus Gill Orinoco, Trinidad, Guiana southward to Paraguay Fishes small to minute in size; premanillary teeth in two rows; maxillary teeth wanting, or at least reduced in number and restricted to the upper part of its free margin; lateral line incomplete; caudal scaled; a genus of uncertain boundaries and rapid evolution at the present time.
267. HEMIGRAMMUS SCHMARDAE (Steindachner) Tetragonopterus schmardae Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. Kix. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 37, pl. vil, fig. 6, Tabatinga; Jigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XTV, 54. Hemigrammus schmardae Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., LVIII, 335, Peruvian Amazon;
230 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Figenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 436; Eigenmann, 1918, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, ii, 163, pl. xx, fig. 2; pl. Ixxviii, fig. 1. Amazons 268. HeMIGRAMMUS PAIPAYENSIS Pearson Hemigrammus paipayensis Pearson, in Eigenmann and Myers, 1929, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, suppl., 533, upper Maranon; Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (4), XXIII, 91. Upper Maranon basin A border species lying between Hemigrammus or Bryconamericus on the one hand and Knodus on the other, having characters pertaining to all three, in some individuals irregular. Myers in a footnote, page 534, throws doubt upon its being a Hemigrammus species. Dr. Pearson points out that the scales are larger than usual in the above group of genera; the second suborbital in contact with the preopercle below; the lateral line may be considered complete, and if so, and the caudal sealed, it is a Hemigrammus.
269. HeMIGRAMMUS PULCHER Ladiges HemigrammuspulcherLadiges,1938,Zool.Anz.,CXXIV,49. Peruvian Amazon Genus 104: HYPHESSOBRYCON Durbin HyphessobryconDurbin,1908,Bull.Mus.Comp.Zool.,LIT,100; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 436; Bigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,338; Eigenmann, 1918, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, i, 172. Type: Hemigrammus compressus Meek Mexico to Paraguay and Rio Sao Francisco Separated from Hemigrammus on the lack of caudal scales. 270. HyPHESSOBRYCON SP.
15914, 9, 34-44 mm., Moyobamba, W. H. Osgood, July, 1912. 271. HypHESSOBRYCON ROBUSTULUS (Cope) HemigrammusrobustulusCope,1870,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XI,561,Pebas,Hauxwellcollection; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 690, Peruvian Amazon, the Orton Collection ; Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., LVIII, 335, fig. 24, Pebas and Rio Maranon. TetragonopterusrobustulusKigenmannandHigenmann,1891,Proc.U.S.Nat.Mus.,XIV,54. HyphessobryconrobustulusEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,ITT,437; Figenmann, 1918, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIII, ii, 195. Peruvian Amazonia
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 231 272. HyPHESSOBRYCON INNESI Myers HyphessobryconinnesiMyers,1936,Proc.Biol.Soc.Wash.,XLIX,97. A single specimen, adult female, 22 mm., from a shipment of live fishes via Paris to Mr. W. T. Innes, of Philadelphia. Supposedly from near Iquitos. 273. HyPHESSOBRYCON LORETOENSIS Ladiges HyphessobryconloretoensisLadiges,1938,Zool.Anz.,CXXIV,51. Peruvian Amazon, locality not stated 274. HyPHESSOBRYCON PERUVIANUS Ladiges HyphessobryconperwianusLadiges,1938,Zool.Anz.,CXXIV,50. Peruvian Amazon, locality unknown Genus 105: MOENKHAUSIA Eigenmann MoenkhausiaEigenmann,1903,SmithsonianMisc.Coll.,XLV,145; EKigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,487; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,320; Eigenmann, 1917, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, 1, 65. Type: Tetragonopterus xinguensis Steindachner Amazonia to the Guianas, Parana, Paraguay and Doce Tetragonopterines of small size with lateral line only slightly decurved or not at all; separable from Hemigrammus by the complete lateral line and from Astyanax on the finely scaled caudal; two series of notched scales on the premaxillary; the maxillary with few teeth.
275. MOENKHAUSIA OLIGOLEPIS (Giinther) Tetragonopterustaeniatus(nonJenyns)MillerandTroschel,1848,inSchomburgk,Reisen,IIT,635. TetragonopterusoligolepisGiinther,1864,Cat.FishBrit.Mus.,V,327; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 53. Astyanax oligolepis Fowler, 1906, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LX VIII, 488, fig. 37, Peruvian Amazon, Orton collection.
MoenkhausiaoligolepisEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,437; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 321, pl. xlvi, fig. 3; Eigenmann, 1917, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIII, 1, 79, pl. vu, fig. 4; pl. xev, fig. 4; pl. e, fig.
5.
Tetragonopterus agassizii Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. KKK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XIV, 41, pl. vin, fig.2,TabatingaandBrazil; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 691, Marafion; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 53. The basin of the Maranon to the Guianas Separable from nearby species by its greater length, 29-32 lateral line scales, five between lateral line and dorsal, 34—4 rows ventral to lateral line; a broad, black band across the entire width of the caudal fin.
232 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 276. MOENKHAUSIA ATAHUALPIANA (Fowler) Astyanax atahualpianus Fowler, 1906 (1907), Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIIT, 436, fig. 36, Pebas,Ortoncollectionof1877.
Moenkhausia atahualpiana Figenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 437. Moenkhausia oligolepis (in part) EKigenmann, 1917, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, i, 79, Pebas. Rio Maranon 277. MoENKHAUSIA BONDI (Fowler) PhenacogasterbondiFowler,1911,Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,419. MoenkhausiaprofundaEigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,322. Moenkhausia bondi Eigenmann, 1917, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, 1, 69, pl. xiv, fig. 3; pl. ¢, fig.
7.
Caribbean coast to Para and Peru 15878, 28, 32-75 mm., brook, Rio Itaya, Iquitos, Allen, September, 1920. 15881,about70,830-75mm.,ponds,brooks,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920. 15885, 9, 48-53 mm., creek, Yurimaguas, Allen, November, 1920. Much compressed; depth considerably more than half the length; ventral profile an almost perfect arc; a humeral band followed by a faint band of lighter color, and that by a faint band of dark color. Close to Ephippicharax except for the absence of a movable predorsal spine. Our records extend the known distribution some two thousand miles.
278. MoOENKHAUSIA SIMULATA Eigenmann and Pearson AstyanaxsimulatusEigenmann,inPearson,1924(1925),Ind.Univ.Studies,no.64,41. MoenkhausiasimulataEigenmannandPearson,inEKigenmannandMyers,1929,Mem.Mus.Comp. Zool., XLIII, v, suppl., 523, pl. lvii, fig. 3.
Basin of Rio Pichis 15860, 10, type and paratypes, 35-72 mm., creek, Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis, Allen, July, 1920. Known only from this clear stream entering the Pichis, which is usually muddy, at the head of launch navigation and the end of the ‘‘Pichis trail’ and the foot of the “‘Cadena de la Sal’.
Alluded to under the name Astyanax simulatus by Pearson, 1924; finally deseribed by Eigenmann and Pearson in Myers’ supplement to Eigenmann and Myers, Part V of The American Characidae.
Near Moenkhausia latissima, differing most strikingly in the almost complete suppression of the humeral spot, which is vertical, and in the much more pronounced longitudinal stripes in the middle of the scale rows, while in latissima they are much broken and follow the boundaries of the scale rows. The caudal is but slightly scaled.
Suggests Bario steindachneri in coloration, but is readily separable by the small size of the nuchal scale, absence of crenulations on the scales, and the unbroken character of the stripes. No caudal spot, or at most an indistinct one.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 233 Head 3.5-3.8; depth 2.2; D. 10-11; A. 30-82;scalation 4.5-5, 32-35, 4.5-5.5: eye 2.3-2.7; interorbital 2.3-2.5.
Deep, very compressed, dorsal and ventral profiles about equal, concave over eye, ventral with very uniform curvature. Predorsal region sharply ridged and covered with a median series of scales, 10-12, bent saddlewise. Occipital process rather erect, with sides curved inward, about equal to eye; a median series of scales, about 9, not so sharply ridged, separating dorsal and adipose fins, and over the short caudal peduncle a more rounded series of about 4-6; preventral well rounded; postventral trenchant, keeled, with few or no median scales.
Dorsal fin but shghtly notched into profile, about equal to head; its origin two scales in front of vertical from anus and about equidistant from snout and base of upper caudal rays; pectoral smaller by about a pupillary diameter, reaching to end of the first fourth of the ventral fins; ventrals smaller by about the diameter of the eye, but reaching to within less than two scales the origin of the anal; anal exceeds the head length by about the diameter of the eye, its rays moderate in length, the first about double the last, its origin on the vertical from the last dorsal ray; caudal moderately furcate.
Premaxillary teeth four, the third weak, near the second, and out of line; six teeth in the second series; four mandibular teeth, larger, and several smaller. Scale rows even and rather uniform in size; scales entire, faintly rayed, with scattered chromatophores. Ground color in aleohol a rusty brass, brighter and more uniform than in Bario steindachneri, and less dusky dorsally; nine or ten longitudinal, mahogany-colored stripes, strongest near lateral line, more interrupted and shorter both dorsally and ventrally; stripes follow the middle of the scale-rows, that of the lateral line broken into a series of equality-signs; base of membrane between anal rays strongly pigmented and somewhat concealed by a sheath of scales; elsewhere the fins only slightly pigmented, especially along rays, and on the middle of the caudal fin; faint trace on some specimens of humeral and caudal spots. 279. MoENKHAUSIA COMMA Eigenmann MoenkhausiacommaEigenmann,1908,Bull.Mus.Comp.Zool.,LIT,102,two,Cudajas; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 437; Eigenmann,1917,Mem.Mus.Comp.Zool.,XLITI,1,77,pl.vi,fig.2.
Maranon basin and Cudajas, Brazil 15879and15880,2,67and49mm.,brook,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920. Known from the above four specimens and two localities.
€ 280. MOENKHAUSIA CRISNEJAS Pearson MoenkhausiacrisnejasPearson,inEigenmannandMyers,1929,Mem.Mus.Comp.Zool.,XLIII,v, suppl.,524,Paipay,RioCrisnejas; Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), X XIII, 91.
234 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA The upper, or intercordilleran, Maranon “A Knodus but for the nature of the second suborbital.”’ Base of caudal sealed, scales rather large and extending back along the middle of the caudal lobes; lateral line complete; second suborbital not in contact with the preopercle below, leaving a wide naked area. 281. MoENKHAUSIA OVALIS (Giinther) TetragonopterusovalisGiinther,1868,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,245,onefour-inchspecimenfrom theBartlettcollection,Xeberos; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 53; Fowler, 1906, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 441, fig. 38, Maranon; Regan, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), VIII, 281, Rio Ucayali. Tetragonopteruschalceusinpart,Cope,1878,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XVII,691,RioMarafion. MoenkhausiaovalisBigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,437; Eigenmann, 1917, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIII, i, 87, pl. vii, fig. 3. Maranon basin Depth 2; maxillary with two teeth and extending beyond anterior margin of eye; dorsal contour slightly convex and only slightly depressed at the head; a faint humeral spot; a caudal spot not reaching end of middle caudal rays, diffuse; iris reddish brown.
Genus 106: KNODUS Eigenmann Knodus Kigenmann, 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), VII, 216; Eigenmann, 1918, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIIT, ui, 114. Type: Anodus meridae Kigenmann Rios Tapajos, Tocantins and Paraguay to Venezuela Near Moenkhausia; second suborbital reaching preopercle below; four teeth in the second row of the premaxillary; caudal scaled at the base; lateral line slightly decurved.
282. KNopUS MOENKHAUsI (Higenmann and Kennedy) Poecilurichthys moenkhausii Eigenmann and Kennedy, 1903, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 522, Arroyo Trementina.
BryconamericusmoenkhausiiEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,434. Knodus moenkhausti Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), XXIII, 91, Rio Pusoe, upper Maranon.
Upper Amazon to Middle 283. KNopUS BREVICEPS (Higenmann) BryconamericusbrevicepsKigenmann,1908,Bull.Mus.Comp.Zool.,LIT,105,Goyaz; Rigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,434. Knodus breviceps Kigenmann, 1918, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, ii, 118, pl. x, fig. 2; Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), X XIII, 91, Tingo de Pauca and Rio Pusoc, upper Maranon.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 235 284. KNopUS MEGALOPS Myers Knodus megalops Myers, in Eigenmann and Myers, 1929, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIII, v, suppl., 527.
Rio Pichis, Oriental Peru 17668, 1, type, 59 mm., Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis, Allen, July, 1920. Genus 107: BARIO Myers Tetragonopterus(inpart)Cuvier,1817,RégneAnim.,II,166,argenteus. EntomolepisEigenmann,1917,Mem.Mus.Comp.Zool.,XLIII,i,63,preoccupied. Bario Myers, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., IT, 1, suppl., 35. Type: Tetragonopterus steindachneri Kigenmann Peruvian and Middle Amazons Caudal scaly; lateral line complete and but little curved; scales crenate; one scale enlarged on either side of occipital process; maxillary with few teeth; second suborbital withdrawn so as to leave a narrow naked area on the cheek. Differing from Moenkhausia chiefly in the crenate scales. 285. BARIO STEINDACHNERI (Eigenmann) Tetragonopterus lineatus Steindachner (non Perugia), 1891, Sitzb. Kk. Akad. Wiss. Wien, C, 368 pl.ui,fig.1,Iquitos,four,110mm.
TetragonopterussteindachnertEigenmann,1893,Proc.U.S.Nat.Mus.,XVI,53. Moenkhausia steindachnert Kigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 437. Entomolepis steindachnert Kigenmann, 1917, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIII, i, 64, pl. v, fig. 1, Peruvian Amazon.
Bario steindachneri Myers, 1940, Stanford Ichth. Bull., II, 1, 35. Middle and Alto Amazonas 15750, 35, 68-110 mm., brook, Rio Itaya, near Iquitos, Allen, September, 1920. Distinguished by the crenulations of the scales, compressed line of the preventral, and peculiar coloration.
A general silvery body color tinged with saffron, becoming brownish above; a faint humeral spot above the fourth scale of the lateral line; a series of dark longitudinal lines between the series of scales; a large caudal blotch not reaching the ends of the middle caudal rays.
The illustration of the species mentioned above is erroneously labeled (1917, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIII, i, pl. v). The figure which belongs with Bario steindachnert 1s no. 1, and should be so indicated; plate v, fig. 3 should be Moenkhausia jamest.
Genus 108: TETRAGONOPTERUS Cuvier TetragonopterusArtedi,Seba,1758,Locupl.Rerum,ITI,pl.xxxiv,fig.3,argenteus; Cuvier,1817,RégneAnim.,II,166,argenteus; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 438; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,319; Eigenmann, 1917, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, i, 54.
236 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Type: Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier Guianas to Orinoco, Rio de Janeiro, and La Plata basin Depth half the length or greater; occipital region elevated, with profile depressed at eye; premaxillary teeth in two rows, the outer series small, regular, inner series longer, multicuspid, graduated, the cusps of each tooth forming a curved figure, the middle cusp much the most elevated; several large, graduated, pointed teeth in the mandible at the middle, becoming abruptly minute at the sides; maxillary toothed or not at its upper, anterior edge. Preventral area flat, bounded by sharp angles; breast with a median series of scales. Fria.27.Anequipagesuitableforasomewhatnomadicbachelor. He had named it the “Thime Is Money.” The boat and its ownerwerehelpfulinassemblingthecollectionsmadeaboutthe Rio Pacaya.
286. TETRAGONOPTERUS ARGENTEUS Cuvier TetragonopterusargenteusCuvier,1818,Mém.Mus.Hist.Nat.,IV,455; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XXII, 132; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 318; Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KI<. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 13, Amazon, Iquitos, two specimens; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 52; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 438; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,319; Eigenmann, 1917, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLII, i, 55, pl. ii, fig. 1; pl. iv, fig. 2; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 263, five. Orinoco basin to that of the Plata 15615,1,97mm.,LagoSanango,Allen,November,1920. 15616, 5, 47-88 mm., Rio Morona, Allen, October, 1920. 15617, 2, 103 and 116 mm., Alto Maranon, Allen, October, 1920.