ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 93 not produced; barbels terete or flat. Fontanels obsolescent, occipital obsolete; free orbital margin.
19. RHAMDIA DUQUET Eigenmann and Pearson, sp. nov.
Bagre ,36,typeandparatypes,48-135mm.,RioUrubamba,SantaAna,Kigenmann,November, 1918.
Very closely related to R. micayi, from which it differs in the shorter adipose. Head 4—4.25; depth 5.87; D. I, 6; A. 12; eye 6-7; interorbital 3.5—4 in the head; width of the head in its length 1.4; flat above, the surface covered with thin skin, the surface of the bones striate; frontal fontanel not extending past the eye; occipital fontanel present in the young, remaining in the adults as a circular depression; occipital process extending ? of the distance from its base to the origin of the dorsal; eye elliptical, 1.5-1.8 in the interorbital width; teeth of the upper jaw in an uninterrupted band, the depth 7 or slightly less in the width; gill-rakers simple, slender, 3-6; maxillary barbels compressed or filiform, extending to the middle of the ventrals or slightly beyond; outer mental barbels to slightly beyond the base of the pectorals, inner mentals slightly beyond the gill opening; pores on the head regularly distributed; pectoral spine 2—2.5 in the head, the posterior margin slightly roughened, the anterior margin with 8 conspicuous recurved teeth in a specimen of 100 mm.; ventral inserted below the last dorsal ray; anal fin higher than long, the tips reaching to below the end of the adipose when depressed; distance of the dorsal fin from the snout 2.8-38 times in the total length. Dorsal spine pungent, 3.2-3.6 times in the head, its anterior margin rough; adipose fin separated from the dorsal by a distance equal to or slightly greater than the base of the dorsal, 3.5-8.8 in the total length; caudal deeply forked; the lower lobe rounded, broader than the upper. Color brown; humeral region darker; predorsal line dark; a dark area on the top of the head; dorsal with a light, transparent band, chromatophores above the band collected along the posterior edge of the interradial membrane; the other fins dusky.
For Don Carlos Duque of Santa Ana, whose hospitality and active participation have contributed to the success of this expedition and others in the Urubamba valley. Name supplied by W.R.A.
20. RHAMDIA QUELEN (Quoy and Gaimard) Pimelodus quelen Quoy and Gaimard, 1824, Voy. Uran. Zool., pl. xlix, figs. 8-4. Rhamdia quelen Eigenmann and Kigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 126, Brazil; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 127. Pimelodus quelent Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 123, Brazil. Rhamdia queleni Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 101. Amazons to the basin of Rio de la Plata 15791,many,50-282mm.,creeksatYurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. 15792,157and172mm.,Iquitos,Allen,1920.
94 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 15793, 1, 95 mm., La Merced, Allen, July, 1920.
15870, 1, Puerto Melendez, Pongo de Manseriche, Allen, October, 1920, too small for certain determination.
Near R. sebae, from which it differs most consistently in the barbel length, a character variable itself in some localities. Width of body less than depth, becoming compressed strongly toward the tail; head flattened dorsally; occipital process reaching half way to dorsal spine; large pores occurring in patches on the head; in the young, maxillary barbels reaching the posterior third of the adipose, but shortened with age; mental barbels falling short of pectorals, post-mentals beyond the base of the pectorals.
21. RHAMDIA SEBAE (Cuvier and Valenciennes) Pimelodus sebae Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 169. Pimelodus (Rhamdia) sebae Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. Kk. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX-XIV, 68. RhamdiasebaeKigenmannandKigenmann,1888,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sei.,(2),I,126; Yigenmann and Kigenmann, 1890, Oce. Papers Cal. Acad. Scei., I, 123; Fowler, 1914, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LX VI, 258; Fowler, 1915, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXVIT, 209; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 222, twelve, 120-214 mm., Contamana.
Magdalena basin to that of Rio Janeiro; throughout the Amazon 22. RHAMDIA MOUNSEYI Regan Rhamdia mounseyt Regan, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), XII, 281, seven, 75-135 mm., Rio Ucayali.
Known only from the types from an unnamed locality on the Rio Ucayali. 23. RHAMDIA BATHYURUS (Cope) Pimelodus bathyurus Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 674, Peruvian Amazon. Rhamdia bathyurus Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cak. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 124, Rio Maranon; EFigenmannandHigenmann,1890,Oce.Papers.Cal.Acad.Sei.,I,122; Zigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 385. Kknown only from the Cope specimens from the Maranon. 24. RHAMDIA HUMILIS (Giinther) Pimelodus humilis Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 129, Venezuela. Rhamdia humilis Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (2), I, 126; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sei., I, 127; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 385. Venezuela to the Maranon
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 95 25. RHAMDIA RIOJAE Fowler Plate X, fig. 3 ?Rhamdia dorsalis Gill, 1870, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 94, upper Amazon. Pimelodus humilis Cope, non Giinther, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 674, Rioja, near Moyobamba, Peru.
RhamdiariojaeFowler,1915,Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,2,Rioja,erectedonCope’sspecimensof P.
humilis.
Fie.15.PuertoBermudez,RioPichis.Theheadoflaunchnavigationduringtherainyseason, andtheendoftheViaCentral.Thespreadingdeciduoustreeonthefurtherbankisthedominant speciesoftheforest,thesilkcotton,orkapoktree.Fromtheverandahofthegovernmenttambo, or rest-house.
Along eastern fringe of Peruvian Andes -— — M.C.Z., 1, 1800 feet, Rio Comberciato, Edmund Heller. — M.C.Z., 11, 1800 feet, Rio Comberciato, Edmund Heller. ———— M.C.Z., 2, 3400 feet, Rio Comberciato, Edmund Heller. - —C.M., 2, Rio Comberciato, Edmund Heller. = C.M., 2, Santa Ana, Rio Urubamba, Edmund Heller. = C.M., 2, Rio Comberciato, Edmund Heller. — —].U.M., 6, Rio Comberciato, Edmund Heller. TheComberciatospecimensmeasure93-192mm.,thosefromSantaAna70-109mm. Head 4.24.3; depth 5.66—-6.33; D. I, 6 in eighteen specimens, I, 7 in two; A. 13-14; adipose fin 3.33-4; distance between dorsal and adipose one third to one half the length of the adipose. Maxillary barbel extending about to tip of ventrals, rarely to origin or middle of anal; eye 6-7 in the head, 2.3-3 in snout, 1.66—2.33 in interorbital; snout longer than interocular width; depth of caudal peduncle 9—9.5 in the length; width of head 0.66—0.8 in its length; depth of premaxillary band of teeth 6-8 in its width.
6 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Of nearly uniform depth from occiput to anal. Pores of head inconspicuous, not aggregated; a small fontanel at base of occipital process; premaxillary band of teeth very little wider at sides than at middle; outer mental barbels extending to about middle of pectorals; dorsal a little higher than long; caudal deeply cleft, but not to its base, the lower lobe much the broader; pectoral spine nearly half as long as the head.
Uniform ash color; a series of translucent areas near basal portion of dorsal. This species differs from the R. humilis of Giinther in ways pointed out by Cope long ago, and by Fowler.
26. RHAMDIA PENTLANDI (Cuvier and Valenciennes) Pimelodus pentlandi Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 183, pl. 435, tributaries of Lake Titicaca; Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. KKIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XIV, 48 (reprint page), Monterico, Tulumayo; Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 25 (reprint page), Rio de Huambo.
Rhamdia pentlandi Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, (2), I, 126; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Oce. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 127; Kigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 386. Peruvian Andes Its occurrence in a tributary of Lake Titicaca seems very questionable, as well as the identity of Steindachner’s material from northern-central Peru with that collected in the South by Pentland.
Native name Auntsche applied to this species (Steindachner). 27. RHAMDIA DORSALIS Gill Rhamdia dorsalis Gill, 1870, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., X XII, 94, Maranon or Napo basin; EKigenmann and Higenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 135; Kigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 386. Oriental Peru or Ecuador; known only from the types Genus 11: IMPARFINIS Eigenmann and Norris Imparfinis Eigenmann and Norris, 1900, Revista Mus. Paulista, IV, 351. Type: Imparfinis piperatus Eigenmann and Norris Southeastern Brazil to Upper Maranon A genus of doubtful validity. ‘Cheeks to opercle covered with thin skin; head depressed; anal short; dorsal spine not pungent; eye small, without free margin.’ (Gosline).
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 97 28. IMPARFINIS BOLIVIANUS Pearson Imparfinis bolivianus Pearson, 1924, Ind. Univ. Studies, no. 64, 12, pl. 11, fig. 3, Huachi, Bolivia; Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (4), XXIII, 92, Pusoc, Upper Maranon. Intercordilleran streams of eastern Peru and Bolivia Genus 12: PIRAMUTANA Bleeker Piramutana Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 99; Rigenmann and Higenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 186. Type: Bagrus piramuta Bleeker Amazon and tributaries Top of head and occipital processes granulated, covered with skin; occipital processes separated a little from dorsal plate; the teeth cardiform and forming an uninterrupted band on vomer and palatines; maxillary barbels flattened and bandlike.
29. PIRAMUTANA PIRAMUTA (Bleeker) Bagrus piramuta Wner, 1857, Sitzb. Kk. Akad. Wiss. Wien, X XVI, 382. Piramutana piramuta Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 99; Gunther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 111; HigenmannandHigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sei.,I,186; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 224, two, 233 and 248 mm., Contamana.
The Amazon and its tributaries Genus 13: NANNORHAMDIA Regan Nannorhamdia Regan, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) XII, 467; Eigenmann, 1922, Mem. Carnegie Mus., [X, 39. Type: Nannorhamdia spurrelli Regan Colombian streams to oriental Bolivia Closely allied to Rhamdia and especially to Chasmocranus, differing from the former in the much larger frontal fontanel and the large occipital fontanel, with the upper margin of the orbit free; differing from the latter in the narrower band of premaxillary teeth without the backward-projecting angle; the dorsal and pectoral spines much feebler than in Rhamdella.
30. NANNORHAMDIA LONGICAUDA (Boulenger) PimeloduslongicaudaBoulenger,1887,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,275,pl.xx,fig.2,Canelos. Rhamdia longicauda Eigenmann and Kigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 126; Higenmann and Kigenmann, 1890, Oce. Papers Cal. Acad. Sei., I, 135; EKigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 386; Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), XXIII, 92, forty-one specimens from Paipay andTingodePauea,upperMaranon.
98 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Inter-cordilleran streams of northern Peru and Ecuador Noteworthy for the great prolongation of the upper caudal lobe. Genus 14: PIMELODELLA Eigenmann and Kigenmann Pseudorhamdia Steindachner, non Pseudorhamdia Bleeker, 1876, Sitzb. KIX. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXIV, 46, lateristriga.
PimelodellaEigenmannandEigenmann,1888,Proce.Cal.Acad.Sei.,(2),I,131,cristatus; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sei., I, 147; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 338; Eigenmann, 1917, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 251-255, pls. xxxiii and xxxiv; Eigenmann, 1922, Mem. Carnegie Mus., IX, 28 and 41. Type: Pimelodus cristatus Miller and Troschel Panama and Pacific coast of Ecuador to La Plata Differing from the nearby Pimelodus in the remote nares; the persistent frontal and parietal fontanels; the occipital process narrow and uniform in width throughout, and extending to the dorsal plate; head covered with non-granular skin; anal short (11-15 rays), less than adipose; dorsal and anal rounded; maxillary barbels well-developed, reaching to end of pectoral or beyond the caudal; mental barbels two pairs, sometimes attached in a straight line transversely; pectoral spine shorter than its rays.
31. PIMELODELLA PURUENSIS Fowler PimelodellapuruenseFowler,1915,Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,214,fig.4,PeruvianAmazon. PimelodellapurwensisFKigenmann,1917,Mem.CarnegieMus.,VII,240. Peruvian Amazon A species known only from the type specimen, 52 mm. in length, which is possibly the young of another species; upper caudal lobe not strongly developed, but equal to lower; pectoral spine smooth in front, with about nine thorns on inner margin; no lateral band; maxillary barbels reaching origin of ventrals. 32. PIMELODELLA ROCCAE Eigenmann Plate X, figs. 4 and 4a PimelodellaroccaeEigenmann,1917,Mem.CarnegieMus.,VII,240,nom.nud. Pearson,1924,Ind.Univ.Studies,no.64,14,Benibasin,Bolivia,nom.nud. Middle Urubamba and Beni basin of Bolivia ———, M.C.Z., type, 182 mm., paratype, 118 mm., Rio Comberciato, 1800 feet elevation, Edmund Heller.
Description of the type: head 4.5—-5; depth 5.383-5.66; D. I, 6; A. 12; adipose fin 3 in the length; maxillary barbel extending to the base of the anal in the larger, to its tip in the smaller; outer mental barbel to near tip of pectoral; eye 6 in the head, 2.75 in the snout, 1.5 in the interorbital; interorbital 4 in the head; depth of
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 99 caudal peduncle 10-11 in the length; length of head in the type 30.5 mm.; dorsal spine 21 mm.; pectoral spine 23 mm.; dorsal spine roughened near the tip in front, its posterior margin smooth; basal two thirds of pectoral spine with about twelve small hooks and a ridge of coalesced hooks (nine hooks in the paratype and no ridge); humeral process extending not quite to middle of pectoral spine in the type, beyond middle in the paratype. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe much the longer, about 3.5 in the length.
Type with obscure lateral band; the paratype plain ashy. Pearson’s Bolivian specimens have the upper caudal lobe not much produced; maxillary barbels reaching beyond tip of ventrals; numerous minute teeth on the pectoral spine. The specimens collected in forest pools are of dark color, and the maxillary barbels reaching to or slightly beyond the anal. For the Inca Rocca, the first of the great Incas, proclaimed sovereign by the people, under direction of his mother, Siuyacu, the ladies of the court having an active part in shaping history, then as always.
33. PIMELODELLA LATERISTRIGA (Miller and Troschel) Pimelodus lateristriqus Miller and Troschel, 1849, Horae Ichth., III, 3. Pimelodas lateristriga Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 118. Pimelodella lateristriga Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 133, Brazil; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers. Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 156; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 389; Eigenmann, 1917, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 245.
Atlantic drainage Maranon and Parahyba northward 15867,2,121and135mm.,PuertoMelendez,AltoMaranon,Allen,October,1920. 34. PIMELODELLA BUCKLEY! (Boulenger) Pimelodus lateristriga Cope, non Miiller and Troschel, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 270, Rio Ambyiacu,two,160mm.
Pimelodus buckleyi Boulenger, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 275, pl. xx, fig. 1, two, 150 mm., Canelos.
Pimelodella buckleyi Eigenmann and EKigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 133, Brazil; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 158; Higenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 389; Eigenmann, 1917, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 240.
Amazon and tributaries, Peru to Rio Parahyba 15860, 7, 67-129 mm., Rio Ucayali, Contamana, Allen, August, 1920. 15861,1,92mm.,creek,Yurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. 35. PIMELODELLA HARTWELLI Fowler Pimelodella hartwelli Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XCI, 222, figs. 4-7. One specimen, the type, Contamana.
100 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 36. PIMELODELLA HASEMANI EHigenmann PimelodellalateristrigaEigenmannandEigenmann(part),1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I.156 Pimelodella hasemani Eigenmann, 1917, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 241, pl. xxx, fig. 1. Valleys of the upper Amazon and Madeira 15862, 6, 93-120 mm., Rio Morona, Allen, October, 1920. 15863, 9, 43-77 mm., creek Rio Morona, Allen, October, 1920. 15864, 4. 60-122 mm., Rio Huallaga, Yurimaguas, Allen, November, 1920. 15865, 8, 63-78 mm., Rio Paranapura, Yurimaguas, Allen, November, 1920. 37. PIMELODELLA BOLIVIANA Eigenmann Pimelodella boliviana Eigenmann, 1917, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VIT, 245, pl. xxxi, fig. 2, Santa Cruz delaSierra,Bolivia.
Peruvian and Bolivian piedmont 15866, 7, 60-92 mm., Lago Cashiboya, Allen, August 1920. 38. PIMELODELLA CRISTATA Miiller and Troschel Pimelodus cristatus Miller and Troschel, in Schomburgk, 1848, Brit. Guiana, 628; Miller and Troschel, 1849, Horae Ichth., III, 4, Essequibo; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 117; Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 4, Rio Huallaga. Pimelodella cristatus Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (2), I, 182; EKigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers. Cal. Acad. Sei., I, 150. Pimelodus agassizii Steindachner, 1876, Sitzb. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX XIV, 99, Peruvian Amazon.
Pimelodus ophthalmicus Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 675, Peruvian Amazon. PimelodellacristataEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,388; Eigenmann, 1917, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 236.
Whole of Amazon basin southward to C. San Roque 15958, , Iquitos, Morris, 1922.
39. PIMELODELLA MONTANA Allen, sp. nov.
Plate XIII, fig. 2 17830,5,86-91mm.,standardlength,RioHuallaga,Hudnuco,Allen,October,1918. While the Pimelodellas are generally fishes of moderate elevation, hitherto known to reach occasionally up to 1800 feet, the present species was collected at three times that height above sea level. Near cristata on the basis of the structure of the pectoral spine, but differing in the dark head and lateral band. Head 4.3-4.5; depth 5.3-5.4; adipose fin 3.2-3.7 in the length, tapering toward the head, the latter half being of about uniform depth; D. I, 6, truncate; P. 1, 8-9; V. 7; A. 8-9. Peetoral spine 1.8 in head, serrae on its hind margin smooth and not retrorse, strongest on the middle third, diminishing proximally, and wanting on the distal fourth; serrae of its cephalic margin strong on the distal half, diminishing to the point of extinction on the proximal half.