ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 197 Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 411; Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 239.
XenocarahoplogenysRegan,1904,Trans.Zool.Soc.Londen,XVII,255. Chaetostomus alga Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., XXIII, 287, Rio Ambyiacu. Chaetostomus malacops Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 287, pl. v, fig. 2, Rio Ambyiacu; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 46; EigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,443. Chaetostomus tectirostris Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 288, pl. xv, fig. 2, Rio Ambyiacu; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (2), I, 46; EigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sei.,I,442. ChaetostomusleucostictusSteindachner,doubtful,1882(1883),Denksch.KIk.Akad.Wiss.Wien, XLVI, 7, Rio Huallaga, 1 specimen.
15370,1,110mm.,Iquitos,Amazon,Allen,November,1920. 15371,1,97mm.,creek,RioMorona,Allen,October,1920. 195. ANCISTRUS BUFONIUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes) Hypostomus bufonius Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 511, Rio Apurimac, elevation 2000 meters.
ChaetostomusbufoniusKigenmannandEigenmann,1889,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sci.,(2),I,46; EigenmannandHigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sei.,1,444. Xenocara bufonia Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 268. AncistrusbufoniusEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,411. Andes of Peru and Bolivia, moderate elevations 15367, 17, 37-106 mm., La Merced to Puerto Bermudez, Allen, July, 1920. 15368, 1, 68 mm., La Merced, Allen, July, 1920. 196. ANcisrRUs occLor Eigenmann (and Myers) Plate X, figs. 1 and 2 Ancistrus occloi Eigenmann (in Myers), 1928, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10), IT, 86. Upper Urubamba river 15067,2,thelargerthetype,115mm.,Ollantaitambo,Heller. Similar to A. bufonius. Taken at 9000 feet elevation on the Urubamba. Named for the wife of the Inca Manco, Occlo.
The type measures 89 mm. to the base of the plates at the origin of the caudal fin; head 36 mm., width of head 33 mm., depth of head at occipital process 15 mm., interorbital 14 mm., ramus of mandible 9 mm., snout 22 mm., orbit 3.5 mm.; lower caudal lobe 27 mm., upper lobe 24 mm.; base of dorsal 18 mm., distance between dorsal and adipose 14, length of dorsal spine 20 mm.; length of pectoral spine 23 mm.; length of ventral spine 22 mm.; lateral plates 25; D. I, 7; A. I, 3; length of caudal peduncle 25, its depth 9; interopercular spines 13-14, longest interopercular spine9.
Eleven or twelve plates between anal and caudal fins, six or seven between
198 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA dorsal and adipose spine; spiniferous portion of pectoral not quite reaching spiniferous part of the ventrals; ventrals reaching to near tip of anal; mouth with a double row of tentacles, in the middle a few tentacles between the two rows. Sides and top of head with obscure light spots about as large as the eye; dorsal rays alternately light and dark; caudal with two irregular cross-bands lighter in color; ventral and pectoral fins like the dorsal in color. A specimen of 54 mm. from the Rio Comberciato probably belongs here. It had only two small tentacles just before each interopercle, one belonging to the upper, the other to the lower series. General coloration of head and trunk uniform dark.
197. ANCISTRUS TEMMINCKII (Cuvier and Valenciennes) HypostomustemminckiiCuvierandValenciennes,1840,Hist.Nat.Poiss.,XV,514,Cayenne. AncistrustemminckiiBleeker,1864,SiluresdeSuriname,11,pl.1,fig.3;pl.1,fig.2,Surinam; Figenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 48; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., 1, 448; EKigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 43; figenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,ITT,411. AncistrustemminckiWigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,237. Xenocara temminckii Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 254. Guiana and Peruvian Amazonia 15369,2,127and162mm.,creek,Yurimaguas,Allen,November,1920. 15372, 1, 92 mm., Puerto Bermudez, Allen, July, 1920.
Largest nearly twice the size of the specimens from Guianas. Mandibular ramus 3.3 in the interorbital (Guiana specimens 2.33 to 3.0); D. 8 (Guiana specimens 6); eye 6.3 (Guiana specimens 5.5); 14 interopercular spines (Guiana specimens about 10); 3d pair of dorsal plates divided by dorsal fin (in Guiana specimens 3d pair lies between occiput and dorsal); in the Yurimaguas specimens 13 plates between anal and caudal (Guiana specimens 10); 5 between dorsals in both; lateral plates in Yurimaguas specimens 25 (Guiana 23). In our material the opercular spines clothed to near their extremities; dorsal spine equals length of head; spots on the fins form a wavy line. In other respects the Peruvian specimens conform very well to the descriptions of temminckii. Many of the above variations may be accounted for largely by the greater size and age of the material, and the juvenile character of the types. 198. ANCISTRUS OCCIDENTALIS (Regan) Xenocara occidentalis Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 257, pl. xiv, fig. 5. AncistrusoccidentalisEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,ITI,411. Canelos, Ecuador Seven specimens of the Buckley collection, up to 115 mm., referred by Boulenger to Ancistrus cirrhosus.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 199. ANcIsTRUS CIRRHOSUS (Valenciennes) 199 Hypostomus cirrhosus Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 511, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires; Valenciennes, in d’Orbigny, 1847, Voy. Amer. Merid., IX, atlas ii, pl. vii, fig. 3. Ancistrus cirrhosus Ixner, 1853, Denksch. KIX. Akad. Wiss. Wien, VII, 272, Rio Guaporé; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1889, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (2), II, 48; EigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,446; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 43; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,411; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,239.
ChaetostomuscirrhosusGiinther,1864,Cat.Fish.Brit.Mus.,V,247; Steindachner, 1882, Denksch. Kix. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 7, Huallaga; Boulenger,1887,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,277,Canelos. Xenocara cirrhosa Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 256; Regan, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), XII, 281, Rio Ucayali. Amazons to Huallaga and Guaporé rivers Fie. 23. Fishing with tarafa, or throw net, along the banks of the Ucayali during theupstreammigrationofthefishes.
Subfamily: HY POPTOPOMATINAE With no more than moderate elongation of the caudal peduncle, but differing from the nearer Hypostomatinae in the exposure of the lower transverse part of the clavicles and coracoids as two pairs of plates between the bases of the pectoral fins. Margin of snout more or less well plated; preopercle without spines; pharyngeals edentulous; teeth in single series; upper part of body enclosed in bony scutes forming five longitudinal series anteriorly on each side of caudal peduncle, 3 posteriorly.
200 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Genus 85: HYPOPTOPOMA Giinther HypoptopomaGimther,1868,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,234, Eigenmann and Kigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 388; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 263; Bigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 412. Type: Hypoptopoma thoracatum Gimther Upper Amazons Snout low, spatulate, somewhat movable; eyes lateral, as visible from below as above; teeth slender, bifid; adipose reduced to a vestigial spine; a dermal ossification of the clavicle and coracoid bones forming two pairs of granular plates. 200. HypopropoMA GULARE Cope Hypoptopoma gulare Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 679; Kigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 40; Eigenmann and Kigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 390; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soe. London, XVII, 265; Figenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, ITI, 412. The Maranon 201. HyporpropoMaA THORACATUM Ginther HypoptopomathoracatumGinther,1868,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,234,fig.2,onespecimen,Xeberos; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (2), II, 40; FKigenmannandEKigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,1,388; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 263, upper Amazon; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 412. HypoptopomabilobatumCope,1870,Proc.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XI,566,twotextfigs.,Pebas; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 679, Pebas; Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 7, Rio Huallaga, one specimen.
Upper Amazon northward 15737, 3, 51-59 mm., to end of middle caudal rays, mouth of Rio Pacaya, Allen, August, 1920. 202. HyporpropoMA JOBERTI (Vaillant) Otocinclus joberti Vaillant, 1880, Bull. Soc. Philom., (7), IV, 147; FKigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,412. HypoptopomajobertiRegan,1904,Trans.Zool.Soc.London,XVII,265. Hypoptopomathoracatum(inpart),EigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci., I, 389.
Rio Juruad and Solimoes to the Ucayali 15738,1,65mm.toendofmiddlecaudalrays,mouthofRioPacaya,Allen,August,1920. 15401,1,88mm.,LagoCashiboya,Allen,August,1920.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 201 203. HypopropoMA CARINATUM Steindachner Hypoptopoma carinatus Steindachner, 1879, Denksch. KIX. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLI, 49, pl. vi, Amazon near Peruvian boundary; BigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,390. Hypoptopoma carinatum Regan, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), XII, 281, Rio Ucayali. Solimoes and Ucayali rivers Genus 86: OTOCINCLUS Cope Otocinclus Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 283; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (2), II, 41; KigenmannandEKigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,390; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 265; HKigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,412. Type: Otocinclus vestitus Cope Rio Ambyiacu, southeastern Brazil and La Plata Distinguishable by the extreme size of the ventral plate and the unique perforations of the temporal plate.
204. OTOCINCLUS VESTITUS Cope Otocinclus vestitus Cope, 1871 (1872), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 283, pl. iv, figs. 2a, 2b, and 2c, tributariesofR.Ambyiacu; HigenmannandEigenmann,1889,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sci.,(2),IH,41; JigenmannandKigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,393; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 267; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,412. Rio Ambyiacu Known only from the types in the Philadelphia Academy. 205. OrocIncLUs MACROsPILUS Eigenmann and Allen, sp. nov. Plate XIII, fig. 1 15606,12,27-45mm.,thelargestthetype,RioMorona,Allen,October,1920. Head 2.8; depth 4; D. I, 7; A. I, 5; scales 25, eye 2 in snout, 4.5 in the head, 2.25 in the interorbital; depth of caudal peduncle about equal to the length of the snout; dorsal spine a little shorter than the head; pectoral reaching to the middle of the ventral fins, the length of its spine about equal to the length of the head less half the snout.
Back with dark cross-shades; top of head punctate; a black band from tip of snout along the middle of the sides to above the tip of the anal, tending to break up into spots toward the end; a very large, isolated spot across the entire end of caudal peduncle and base of the caudal; a curved dark bar across the caudal near the tip of the middle rays, another across the middle of the caudal lobes, more or less complete bars across the dorsal, and sometimes across the anal rays where they
202 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA fork; outer pectoral and ventral rays more or less punctate, the remaining parts of the fins hyaline. In the type the bars across the lobes are continuous with a submarginal bar across the middle caudal rays; there are also faint spots on the dorsal rays In a series below the series at the forks. Similar to affinis, with a larger eye, broader head, less pointed contours, more robust form; markings more numerous.
Subfamily: LORICARIINAE Tail region much elongated, becoming depressed posteriorly, with a single series of plates on the sides; intestine usually of much less length than that of the preceding subfamilies, and not greatly exceeding the body length; haemal spines of the vertebrae bifid in the region of the anal fin; fourth upper pharyngeals and the lowers dentate; Jaw teeth in one series; adipose fin wanting; first finrays rather usually adorned with filaments of extreme length. In Oriental Peru the general name shitari is applied to any member of the subfamily.
Genus 87: LORICARIA Linnaeus Loricaria Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. x, I, 307; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 453; Ikner, 1853, Denksch. Kx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, VI, 77; Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 80; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 254; Higenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (2), IT, 34; BKigenmannandEKigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sei.,I,360; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 270; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 413; EKigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,243.
Type: Loricaria dura Linnaeus = Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus Both slopes of Panama to Rio de la Plata, Guiana to Peru A genus of Loricariidae lacking a series of spines bordering the snout, which is only moderately produced; the lips terminating in tentacles; anal plate wanting; an orbital notch present, of greater or less extent; jaw teeth few or moderate in number and not setiform; tail with lateral keel and snout not expanded at the end. 206. LoRICARIA PUGANENSIS Pearson Loricaria puganensis Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), XXIII, 96, Pusoe and Tingo de Pauca, upper Maranon.
The upper Maranon 207. LORICARIA FILAMENTOSA Steindachner Loricaria filamentosa Steindachner, 1878, Denksch. Kk. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XX XIX, 29, pl. ix, Magdalena;
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 203 Boulenger,1887,Proce.Zool.Soe.London,277,Canelos; FHigenmannandEigenmann,1889,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sci.,(2),I],36; EigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Oce.PapersCal.Acad.Sei.,I,370; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, X VII, 274; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 413. Eastern Ecuador and the Magdaiena 208. LoricARIA WOLFEIL (Fowler) Rhineloricaria wolfe: Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCT, 241, figs. 33-35. Contamana Known from the unique type, 149 mm. in length, in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia.
Described as having the first pair of scutes adjoining the supraoccipital well separated by truncate end of the supraoccipital; length of third (last) predorsal scute subequal with the first.
209. LoRICARIA LANCEOLATA Giinther LoricarialanceolataGiinther,1868,Proc.Zool.Soc.London,235,fig.3,Xeberos; Boulenger,1887,Proc.Zool.Soe.London,277,Canelos,two; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 39; HigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,378; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 277, Canelos; HKigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,413. Oriental Peru and Ecuador 210. LoricartaA acuta Cuvier and Valenciennes Loricaria acuta Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 472; Gunther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 258; Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 289, R. Ambyiacu; EigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Oec.PapersCal.Acad.Sei.,I,375; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, X VII, 287; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 414. From the Amazon basin northward 211. LorIcARIA BRUNNEA Hancock LoricariabrunneaHancock,1828,Zool.Jour.,IV,247; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 479; EigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,370; Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,415. Loricarvichthys brunneus Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 247, pl. xxx, fig. 3, and pl. xxxl,fig.4,BritishGuiana.
Guianas and Peru 15398, 2, 105 and 109 mm. to tip of middle caudal rays, Yarinacocha, Allen, September, 1920.
204 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA The Peruvian specimens differ from the types taken in British Guiana (Loricartichthys brunneus) in having a distinct bar across the back, on the first two scutes opposite the dorsal, in addition to the five behind the dorsal; one of the specimens with the margin of the lower surface of the caudal plates dark, caudal with a basal dark spot; margin dark in one, the entire caudal fin behind the basal spot spotted in the other.
The lateral keels not completely coalescent.
15397, 2, 82-97 mm. to tip of middle caudal rays, Rio Pacaya, Allen, August, 1920. 15982, 1, 123 mm., Iquitos, Allen, September, 1920. Color of 15982 from Iquitos much lighter, markings indistinct, apparently accounted for by the greater amount of silt prevalent in most waters about Iquitos, although in this respect the Pacaya specimens are intermediate, and the river only moderately opaque at the time when I was there, brown in color, not turbid. The Rio Pacaya specimens lack the ocellus in front of the dorsal; the basal caudal spot present.
212. LorIcARIA KONOPICKYI Steindachner Loricaria konopickyi Steindachner, 1879, Denksch. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLI, 45, pl. vi, Amazon; Bigenmann and Higenmann, 1889, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 39; EKigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,378; Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 281; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 413. Rhineloricaria konopickyi Regan, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), XII, 282. Amazon; Calderon; Iquitos 15985, 2, 172 and 184 mm. to end of middle caudal rays, Iquitos, Morris, 1922. 213. LoRICARIA TyPuUS (Bleeker) Parahemiodon typus Bleeker, 1864, Nat. Verh. Holl. Maats., XX, 20, pl. vi, fig. 1; pl. xin, fig. 1. Loricaria typus Regan, 1904, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVII, 286. Loricaria stiibelii Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 7, pl. ii, figs. 2 and 2b, three, R. Huallaga; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 37; EigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Oce.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,370. Lower Amazons to the Huallaga Near L. maculata Bloch, L. spixti and L. acuta Cuvier and Valenciennes, but more rounded snout and extreme spotting of the fins separate it. 214. LortcartIA CHANJOO (Fowler) ParahemiodonchanjooFowler,1939(1940),Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,XCI,240,figs.30-32. Contamana Four specimens, type and paratypes, 170-225 mm., in the Philadelphia Museum.