ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 125 Genus 34: PTERODORAS Bleeker Doras Valenciennes, in Humboldt, 1833, Rec. d’Obs. Zool. Anat., IT, 184; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sei., I, 220; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 392. Pterodoras Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 15, 16, and 86; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 311. Type: Doras granulosus Valenciennes Peru to Buenos Aires and Uruguay Similar to Megalodoras in the forward continuation of the adipose, and other characters, but differing in having many more and narrower scutes and a single air bladder, the latter with many diverticula along the side; head wide and depressed; caudal peduncle naked above and below; scutes 25-30, very narrow, and strongest over the anal; eye in anterior half of head; dorsal spine with about twenty hooks on the posterior border.
76. PTERODORAS GRANULOSUS (Valenciennes) DorasgranulosusValenciennes,inHumboldt,1833,Rec.d’Obs.Zool.Anat.,IT,184; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 229; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 392. PterodorasgranulosusBleeker,1863,Nederl.Tijdsch.Dierk.,I,15; EKigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 312, pl. i, figs. 1-3; pl. ii, fig. 6; pl. vin, figs.1-5;textfig.17.
15659,2,95and117mm.,MaranonbelowPastaza,Allen,October,1920. 15846, 2, 203 and 216 mm., Contamana, Rio Ucayali. Allen, July, 1920. 15847,14,87-182mm.,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920.
15848,4,150-200mm.,RioPuinagua,mouthRioPacaya,Allen,September,1920. Genus 35: PLATYDORAS Bleeker DorasLacépéde,1803,Hist.Nat.Poiss.,V,116,carznatusandcostatus; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 267; ERigenmann and Higenmann (part) 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 220; EKigenmann(part)1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,III,392. Platydoras Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijsch. Dierk., I, 16 and 86, costatus; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 315. Type: Doras costatus (Linnaeus) The Doradid genus of widest distribution, from our territory to the Guianas, the Orinoco, Sao Francisco, and Paraguay.
Plated area extended to cover most of sides and leaving only a narrow naked zone across the back; first three scutes in contact with the dorsal plate; serrae of posterior surface of dorsal spine growing obsolete with age; mouth slightly inferior; air bladder double, of simple form, somewhat depressed anterior chamber, posterior chamber subconical.
126 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 77. PLATYDORAS cosTaTus (Linnaeus) SiluruscostatusLinnaeus,1766,Syst.Nat.,ed.xu,506. Cataphractus costatus Bloch, 1794, Ausl. Fische, VIII, 82, pl. 376. DorascostatusLacépéde,1803,Hist.Nat.Poiss.,V,116,part; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 268; Castelnau, 1855, Anim. Amér. Sud, Poiss., 48, Amazon; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 201; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 231; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 393. Doras armatulus Miller and Troschel, in Schomburgk, 1848, Reisen, III, 629; Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 5, one, 90 mm., Rio Huallaga.
PlatydorascostatusBleeker,1863,Nederl.Tijdsch.Dierk.,I,16,86; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 316, pl. 1, figs. 5 and 14; pl. ii, figs. 1 and 2; pl.ix,figs.1-3.
Widely dispersed from the Guianas and Para to the Andes of Peru and Bolivia. 15874,3,59-81mm.,Yarinacocha,Yurimaguas,Allen,September,1920. 15875,5,77-81mm.,RioMorona,Allen,October,1920. Genus 36: AGAMYXIS Cope Doras Cope, 1870, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XI, 568, Pebas; Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X XIII, pl. iii; Kigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Aead. Sei., I, 241. Doras(Agamyxis)Eigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,393. Agamyxis Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 101; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 322. Type: Agamyxis pectinifrons Cope Peruvian Amazon Distinguished from nearby genera Acanthodoras and Astrodoras by the covering of spiny plates over caudal peduncle above and below; alike in lack of serrae on rear of dorsal spine; nasal plate erect and pectinate; eye in anterior half of head; caudal rounded.
78. AGAMYXIS PECTINIFRONS (Cope) Doras pectinifrons Cope, 1870, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XI, 568, Pebas; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 241. Agamyxis pectinifrons Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 679; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XII, 322, pl. xvi, fig. 4; text fig. 19. Known from the type in the Philadelphia museum. 79. AGAMYXIS FLAVOPICTUS (Steindachner) Doras flavopictus Steindachner, 1908, Sitzb. KK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, VII, 3, Iquitos. Doras(Agamyxis)flavopictusEigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,IIT,393. Agamyxis flavopictus Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 323.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 127 Known only from the two types, 90 and 110 mm., in the Vienna Museum; from Iquitos.
Genus 37: LIOSOMADORAS Fowler Liosomadoras Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 226. Type: Liosomadoras morrowi Fowler Contamana, Rio Ucayali Near Lithodoras and Agamyzxis; robust; lacking lateral scutes on the trunk and tail.
80. LiosoMADORAS MORROW! Fowler LiosomadorasmorrowiFowler,1939(1940),Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,NCI,226,figs.11-14. Known from the type, 100 mm. in length, from Contamana. Genus 38: AMBLYDORAS Bleeker Doras Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 267; Jigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 220. Amblydoras Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 86, affinis; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 325. Zathorax Cope, 1872, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 271. Type: Doras affinis Kner Amazonia to the Guianas and Bolivia A large breastplate representing the coalesced granulations of coracoid and clavicle; coracoid process shorter than humeral; dorsal spine without lateral spinules, grooved and ridged; lateral scutes numerous and large, totalling more than half the sides; adipose fin not continued as a keel; eye midway of the head; mouth terminal.
81. AMBLYDORAS HANCOCKII (Cuvier and Valenciennes) DorascostataHancock,1828,Zool.Jour.,[V,242,Demarara. Doras hancockii Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 279; Gunther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 202; EigenmannandHigenmann,1890,Oec.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,234; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 393; Eigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,187.
Amblydoras hancocki Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 326, pl. 1, fig. 9; pl. xiii, figs.
1-4.
AmblydorashancockiiFowler,1939(1940),Proc.Acad.Nat.Sei.Phila.,228. Doras affinis Kner, 1855, Sitzb. KKK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XVII, 121, pl. xi, fig. 1; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 202; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 238. Doras (Amblydoras) affinis, Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 393,
128 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA Guiana to Guaporé and Peru 15887, 1, 65 mm., Rio Itaya, Iquitos, Allen, September, 1920. 82. AMBLYDORAS MONITOR (Cope) Zathorax monitor Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 272, pl. iv, fig. 1, Rio Ambyiacu. DorasmonitorEigenmannandHigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,245. Doras (Astrodoras) monitor Bigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 393. AmblydorasmonitorEigenmann,1925,Trans.Amer.Phil.Soc.,XXIT,326,fig.20. Iknown only from the type specimen at the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, Rio Ambyiacu.
Genus 39: ANADORAS Eigenmann Doras Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 270. Anadoras Kigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 327. Type: Doras grypus Cope Amazon basin to Pilcomayo Serrations lacking on the nasal; a space between granulations of right and left coracoids and clavicles covered only by skin; coracoid process shorter than humeral; adipose fin not continued as a keel; dorsal spine grooved and without serrations; caudal truncate; scutes numerous and covering less than one fourth of the sides; air bladder heart-shaped with a median groove and without marginal diverticula. 83. ANADORAS GRYPUS (Cope) Doras grypus Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 270, pl. xv, figs. 1 and la, Rio Ambyiacu; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 163; Eigenmann and Bigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sei., I, 239. DorasweddelliiFigenmann,1910,Rept.PrincetonUniv.Exped.Patagonia,ITT,393. Anadoras grypus Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 328, pl. iv, fig. 7; pl. xv, figs. 1-3. Maranon and Solimoes drainage 15849, , 50-139 mm., Lago Cashiboya, Allen, August, 1920. 15961,3,80-150mm.,Iquitos,Morris,1922.
84. ANADORAS NAUTICUS (Cope) Zathorax nauticus Cope, 1874, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXVI, 133, Nauta; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 678.
DorasnauticusEigenmannandHigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sei.,I,246. Doras (Astrodoras) nauticus Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, IIT, 393. Anadoras nauticus Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXIT, 329. Nauta, former head of steamboat navigation of the Amazon, has furnished the only specimen, 82 mm. in length, at the Philadelphia Museum of Natural Sciences.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 129 Genus 40: HYPODORAS Eigenmann Hypodoras Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 329. Type: Hypodoras forficulatus Eigenmann Iquitos Readily distinguished by the large rhomboidal plate over the anterior two thirds of the adipose; air bladder reniform, without coeca, constricted longitudinally, the constriction prolonged into the posterior lobe, which is forked in its posterior three fifths; dorsal spine grooved and hookless; adipose little shorter than the anal and not keeled in an anterior direction; lateral scutes in contact with the plates above and below, and with a single hook; those forward of the peduncle with two to five hooks above and one or two below; humeral process very strong and spiniferous; eye just before middle point of head. Iknown only from the type, one specimen.
85. Hypoporas FORFICULATUS Eigenmann Hypodoras forficulatus Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 330, pl. iv, fig. 1; pl. xxv, fig.3;textfig.12,I.
15876,1,type,123mm.,Iquitos,Allen,September,1920.
Sole species and sole specimen of the genus.
Genus 41: PHYSOPYXIS Cope Physopyxis Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXTIT, 112, 272; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 220; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 392; EFigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 330. Type: Physopyxis lyra Cope Known only from one specimen of the one species, from the Rio Ambyiacu collections.
Devoid of adipose; coracoid processes lyriform, much larger than humeral processes which do not reach to first lateral scute; caudal rounded; eye small and in forward half of head; serrae present on proximal half of anterior border of dorsal fin; pectoral spine overlapping origin of anal; extensive buckler consisting of coracoid and clavicles.
86. PHysopyxIsS LYRA Cope Physopyxis lyra Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XXTIT, 112, 272, figs. la-le, Rio Ambyiacu; JigenmannandEigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,220; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 392; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, pl. xvi, figs. 1 and 2; text fig. 22.
130 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA A 35 mm. specimen in the collections of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, collected from the Rio Ambyiacu by John Hauxwell. Genus 42: PSEUDODORAS Bleeker PseudodorasBleeker,1858,Ichth.Arch.Indici.,Siluri,53,DorasnigerValenciennes; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 331. Oxydoras Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 14, D. niger. Type: Doras niger Valenciennes Peru to the Guianas and Rio Sao Francisco The genus Pseudodoras was abandoned by Bleeker on grounds shown by Eigenmann to be based on false assumptions of Kner. It therefore has priority over the Oxydoras of Kner with Doras niger Valenciennes as its type. This and succeeding genera are characterized by less breadth than the preceding, the width at the clavicle less than the length of the head. Adipose continued forward as a low ridge longer than the anal; eye laterally oriented, back of middle of the head; dorsal spine with serrae antrorse or vertical to it on the posterior margin; the serrae of the anterior margin stronger and more numerous; fontanel with a bridge; lateral plates not numerous, 3 + 18-238; head not depressed, snout conical, mouth inferior; premaxillaries rhomboidal; anterior nares remote from lips; caudal emarginate.
Groups of tentacles on the roof of the mouth before the first gill arch and between the second and third pairs; air bladder double; first division cardiform with the beginnings of coeca; the second twice as long as wide, and less than two in the length of the anterior chamber.
87. PSEUDODORAS NIGER (Valenciennes) DorasnigerValenciennes,inHumboldt,1833,Rec.d’Obs.Zool.Anat.,II,184; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 291; Kigenmann,1912,Mem.CarnegieMus.,V,190,Rupununi.
PseudodorasnigerBleeker,1858,Ichth.Arch.Indici,Siluri,53; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., XXII, 333, pl. i, fig. 16; pl. xvii, figs. 1-4; pl. xxiii, fig. 1; text figs. 2, 6, 7, and 10; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 228, Contamana. Rhinodoras niger Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 209; Cope, 1874, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XX VI, 134, Nauta; Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 678, Nauta. RhinodorasprionomusCope,1874,Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Phila.,XXVI,1384,Nauta. OxydorasnigerEigenmannandEKigenmann,1890,Occ.PapersCal.Acad.Sci.,I,247; Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 393; Fisher, 1917, Ann. Carnegie Mus., XI, 420.
Guianas to Rio SAo Francisco and Amazons to more than 3000 miles and 2500 feet above its mouth.
15651and15960,4,170-260mm.,Iquitos,Allen,1920;Morris,1922. 15450,1,250mm.,Yarinacocha,Allen,September,1920.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 131 15845,1,200mm.,LagoCashiboya,Allen,August,1920.
15850,1,skin,650mm.,LaMerced(about2500feet),SenorEcuadorPraeli,1918. 16004,1,273mm.,toendofscutes,RioPacaya,Allen,August,1920. The colloquial name foro is supplied by Fowler.
Genus 48: TRACHYDORAS Eigenmann Trachydoras Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XII, 337. Fig. 18. The Cocamita, steam-launch with the least draft, and ascending streams the farthest, of the Iquitos fleet. Carries mail and passengers. Rio Pachitea.
Type: Trachydoras atripes Eigenmann Amazonia to basin of Rio Paraguay Maxillary barbels fringed and just reaching the gill opening or shorter; the bases of the mental barbels united by a membrane; eye beyond the middle of the head; the dorsal spine serrate on both margins; caudal forked; adipose short and sometimes continued as a ridge; second air bladder minute or wanting; opercle, preopercle and coracoid process granular; first lateral scute large, connecting with humeral process and dorsal plate; fontanel not continued backward as a groove; snout short, anterior nares nearer snout than to posterior, or equidistant; mouth narrow; teeth weak or wanting.
88. TRACHYDORAS NATTERERI (Steindachner) Oxydoras natterert Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Sitzb. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLIII, 104, pl. i, fig. 2; pl.iv,figs.l1-la,Teffé.
132 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA HemidorasnatterertEigenmannandEKigenmann,1888,Proc.Cal.Acad.Sci.,(2),I,158; Eigenmann and Figenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 253; figenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 394; Fisher, 1917, Ann. Carnegie Mus., XI, 421.
Trachydoras nattereri Kigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 338, pl. xviii, figs. 1 and 2; pl. xxvi, figs. 2 and 3; Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 228, two, Contamana. Upper Amazon of Peru and Bolivia to Brazil 15967,1,1830mm.,Iquitos,Morris,1922.
89. TRACHYDORAS ATRIPES Eigenmann Trachydoras atripes Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 339, pl. ii, fig. 5; pl. xviii, figs. 6-8; pl. xxvi, fig. 4.
Maranon to basin of Rio Mamoré 15877, 1, type, 72 mm. over all, brook at Hacienda Ica, Rio Itaya, near Iquitos, Allen, September, 1920.
Specimens were collected by John Haseman in Bolivia. Genus 44: DORAS Lacépéde Doras Lacépéde, 1803, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 116, Stlurus carinatus and costatus Linnaeus; Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 13, carinatus; Jordan,1917,TheGeneraofFishes,65; Eigenmann, 1925, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X XII, 340. Oxydoras Kner, 1855, Sitzb. KIx. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XVII, spp. HemidorasBleeker,1858,Ichth.Arch.Indici.,Siluri,stenopeltis; Eigenmann and Higenmann, 1890, Oec. Papers Cal. Acad. Sei., I, 250. nonDorasGiinther,EigenmannandEigenmann,ete.
Type: Silurus carinatus Linnaeus Peru to Guianas and Bolivia The Eigenmann monograph of the Doradidae regards Doras as a polyphyletic group, or the residuum of the family after the several specialized genera have been removed. If the air bladder is of as great taxonomic value as indicated throughout the monograph, we do have several possible genera still accepted as Doras. This is a question which may hinge upon embryological studies of numerous species. Here as in many like situations systematic ichthyology halts for the lack of detailed studies in the field upon the life histories and biology of living fishes. Maxillary barbels fringed; bases of mental barbels united by a membrane; eye in posterior half of the head; adipose short and not continued as a low ridge; caudal forked; origin of the ventrals nearer the caudal than the snout; fontanel not prolonged into a groove; lateral scutes moderate, the first connecting the dorsal plate, the first rib, and the humeral process. Only one species recognized In our area.