SYNODONTIS. 453 4 times in total length. Head as long as broad, finely granulate above ; snout rounded, 2 or a little less than 4 length of head; eye superolateral, 34 to 44 times in length of head, 14 to 2 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; preemaxillary teeth forming a short, broad band; movable mandibular teeth hardly 4 diameter of eye, 40 to 65 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, at least twice as long as head, reaching or nearly reaching base of ventral ; mandibular barbels with long, slender branches, outer twice as long as inner and longer than Synodontis greshoffi.
Type.
head. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield finely granulate, tectiform, longer than broad, with obtuse or rounded posterior processes. Humeral process at least twice as long as deep, striated and keeled, acutely pointed, extending as far back as, or a little beyond, occipito-nuchal process. Skin villose on the sides. Dorsal I 6-7; spine scarcely curved, as long as head, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3% to 4 times as long as deep, 2 to 3 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IIt 8-10. Pectoral spine at least as long as. head, singly serrated on both sides, ~ Venbulaeaehfog.or not anal, Cauda
454 SILURID.E.
deeply notched, upper lobe often prolonged into a filament. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. Yellow or pale brown above, marbled with dark brown, the rayed fins spotted with dark brown; young dark brown, with two or three vellow wavy cross-bands. Total length 240 millim.
Congo.
IBA: Matadi, Lower Congo. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 2. Type. Kinshassa, Stanley Pool. M. A. Greshoff (C.) ; Utrecht University (H.).
3: Ad: Monsembe, Upper Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). 4-6. Hgr. & yg. Bikoro, L. Tumba, Upp. Congo. M. P. Delhez (C.). 7-9. Ad. Upper Congo. Brussels University. 10. Her. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 11. Ad. Aruwimi R. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.) ; Ruwenzori Expedition.
43. SYNODONTIS ALBERTI.
Schilthuis, Tijdschr. Nederl. Dierk. Ver. (2) iii. 1891, p. 88 ; Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 118, pl. xii. fig. 1; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 317 (1901).
Synodontis alberti.
Type.
Depth of body 3 to 5% times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head 1} to 1} times as long as broad, rugose above from between the eyes; snout rounded, 4 to 2 length of head; eye supero-
SYNODONTIS. 455 lateral, 3 to 34 times in length of head, equal to interorbital width ; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short, broad band; movable mandibular teeth hardly 4 diameter of eye, 18 to 25 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, 3} to 43 times length of head, reaching caudal peduncle or caudal fin; mandibular barbels with long, slender branches, outer at least twice as long as inner and 1% to 2 times length of head. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose like the occiput, obtusely keeled, with obtuse or rounded posterior processes. Humeral process rugose, striated above, short and broad, its point obtuse or truncate, hardly extending so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine scarcely curved, as long as or a little longer than head, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3 to 4 times as long as deep, narrowly separated from rayed dorsal. Anal III-IV 8-9. Pectoral spine as long as or a little shorter than head, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral not quite reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched, upper lobe more or less prolonged into a filament. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Olive or brownish above, uniform or spotted with dark brown ; caudal fin, often also dorsal and anal, with very numerous small dark spots, forming transverse series.
Total length 160 millim.
Congo.
1, 2. Hgr., types. -Kinshassa, Stanley Pool. M. A. Greshoff (C.) ; Utrecht University (1.).
3. Ad. Leopoldville, Stanley Pool. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 4. Ad. 5 x M. P. Delhez (C.).
Bo Wie. Kondue, Kasai R. M. Luja (C.) ; Luxemburg Museum (P.).
6-7. Ad. Monsembe, Upper Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (C.). 8. Ad. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.).
44, SYNODONTIS BATESILI.
Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xx. 1907, p. 50.
Depth of body 34 to 44 times in the total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head a little longer than broad, rugose above; snout obtusely pointed, as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 4 to 5} times in length of head, 1% to 24 times in interorbital width ; premaxillary teeth forming a short, broad band ; movable mandibular teeth not half diameter of eye, 30 to 40 in number; maxillary barbel not
456 SILURIDE.
distinctly margined, extending about to middle of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with obtuse or tubercular branches, outer at least twice as long as inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, not or but slightly longer than broad, posterior processes rounded. Humeral process rugose, acutely pointed, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine nearly as long as head, striated, strongly serrated in front, with a few very feeble serra behind. Adipose dorsal rather small, not longer than its distance from the rayed dorsal. Anal III 8-9, rounded or obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine strongly serrated on outer side, still more strongly on Fig.342.
Synodontis batesit.
Type.
inner. Ventral nearly reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Brown, blotched and marbled with darker, with three broad irregular dark bands, the first below the dorsal fin, the second below the adipose, the third in front of the caudal fin; fins pale brown or whitish, with black spots.
Total length 115 millim.
Ja River (Congo System), South Cameroon.
1-8, 9-10. Types. Bitye. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.).
11-108 Nd: b ‘ 13. Ad. Efayong. 5 14, Skel.
ce) ”
SYNODONTIS. 457 45. SYNODONTIS SERRATUS.
Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 8, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1829) ; Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 263 (1840) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 212 (1864), and Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 234 (1869); Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 136 ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 372, pl. Ixx. & pl. Ixxi. fig. 2 (1907). Pseudosynodontis serratus, Bleek. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 55. Depth of body 3} to 4} times in total length, length of head 34 to 43 times. Head 13 to 14 times as long as broad, more or less rugose above, behind the snout, the rugosities sometimes concealed under a rather thick skin ; snout rounded or obtusely pointed, longer than postocular part of head ; eye supero-lateral, 5 (young) to 11 times in length of head, 2 to 4 times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed ; Fig.343.
Synodontis serratus.
Nubia (F. N.). +.
premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band ; movable mandibular teeth not 4 diameter of eye, 30 to 48 in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane in its proximal third, 3 to 14 times length of head, reaching between base and middle of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner, the former with long slender branches, which may bear secondary branches, the latter with tubercular ramifications. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral fin. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 to 13 times as long as broad, posterior processes pointed or truncate. Humeral process a little longer than broad, flat or with a very distinct keel, rugose, acutely pointed, extending
458 SILURIDA.
as far back as occipito-nuchal process or not quite so far. Dorsal 17; spine curved, feebly serrated behind, distinctly but finely serrated in front, as long as or a little shorter than head, the soft terminal part usually produced into a short filament. Adipose dorsal 3 to 4 times as long as deep, 5 to 8 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal V 7-8, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine nearly as long as or a little longer than dorsal, reaching or nearly reaching root of ventral, outer border finely, inner more strongly serrated. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer and sometimes prolonged into a filament. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or deeper than long. Uniform grey or brownish above, white beneath ; young with minute dark specks on the back and on the adipose fin. Total length 470 millim.
Nile.—Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort (M.). 1-2. Ad. Near Samannud, Damietta L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Nile.
3. Her. Beni Souef, Lower Nile. 95 4-8. Ad. Ghgr. Assuan.
9-10. Ad. &hgr. Abu Hor, Upper Nile.
11. Her. Mirrwau, is ; 12. Ad. El Maharraka, ,, 13-15. Ad.&hgr. — Ibrim, , an 16. Her. Abaad, ie BS 17-18. Ad. &hgr. Fergunt, ie es 19-20. Ad. Abu Simbal, —,, a 21. Skel 5 3 xp 22. Her. Wady Halfa, __,, ; 23-24. Har. Kosheh, eS Fe 25, 26,27. Ad. & Khartum. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). ye:
28. Ad. Ahmed Aga, White Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 29. Her. Between Khartum and the Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; Sobat. W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.).
46. SYNODONTIS GELEDENSIS.
Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 220, fig. ? Synodontis serratus, Vineig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xvii. 1896, p. 351. Depth of body 33 times in total length, length of head 32 times. Head 1} times as long as broad, rugose above from between the eyes; snout pointed, a little longer than postocular part of head ; eye superolateral, 8 times in length of head, 2% times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad
SYNODONTIS. 459 band; movable mandibular teeth 2 diameter of eye, 18 in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane at the base, 14 times length of head, reaching middle of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel as long as head, about twice as long as inner, former with long slender branches, latter with shorter, ramified branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral fin. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, with a blunt keel, 14 times as long as broad, squarely truncate posteriorly. Humeral process much longer than broad, with feeble keel, rugose, acutely pointed, extending as far back Fig.344.
Synodontis geledensis.
Type. 4.
as occipito-nuchal process. Skin strongly villose on the sides. Dorsal 17; spine nearly straight, ¢ length of head, strongly serrated in front, smooth behind. Adipose dorsal 4 times as long as deep, nearly 4 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as head, nearly reaching ventral, outer border strongly, inner rather feebly serrated. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Brownish above, whitish beneath.
Total length 270 millim.
Webi Shebeli, East Africa.
1. Type. Geledi, Shebeli R. Dr. Donaldson Smith (C.).
460 SILURIDA.
47. SYNODONTIS FILAMENTOSUS.
Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p. 10, and Fish. Nile, p. 371, pl. Ixix. (1907).
Depth of body equal to length of head, 4 times in total length. Head 1} times as long as broad, feebly rugose between eyes and on occiput ; snout rounded, as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 34 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width; occiput simply convex; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth rather few, forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth barely 4 length of eye, 20 in number. Maxillary barbel broadly margined at the base, $ length of head, extending to base of pectoral fin; mandi- Fig.345.
Synodontis filamentosus.
Type (F.N.). §.
bular barbels with numerous long ramified branches, outer 15 times as long as inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral fin. Occipito-nuchal shield slightly rugose, obtusely tectiform, 14 times as long as broad, posterior processes rounded. Humeral process a little longer than broad, flat, rounded behind, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal 17; spine strong, feebly serrated behind, striated in front, as long as head, with a filamentous prolongation exceeding it in length. Adipose dorsal 44 times as long as deep, twice as long as its distance from rayed_dorsal.... Anal JV 7,