CLARIAS. 237 blackish above, uniform or marbled with lighter, white or greyish beneath ; vertical fins dark, often with a yellowish edge; usually a more or less distinct dark band on each side of the lower surface of the head ; young specimens often with a dark bar, edged with yellowish in front and behind, across the caudal fin; black spots sometimes present on the caudal fin. Total length 1170 millim. Syria, Nile, Senegal to Congo.—Types in Paris Museum. 1. Type of C.orontis.
2-4,5. Ad. & her. 6-7. Yg.
8-9. Ad. & her. 10-13. Ad.
14. Skel.
15-17. Her. & yg. 18. Skel.
LOS Eloirs 20-25. Ad. &her. 26. Skel.
27. Ad.
28. Ad.
29-32. Her. 33-35. Yg.
36. Her.
37-38. Her. & yg. 39-41. Hgr. « yg. 42-44, Yo.
45-54. Yg.
55-59. Hor. & yg. 60-61. Ad.
62, 63-64. Types of C.
macracanthus. 65, 66-68. Her. & ys:
69-70. Her. 71. Her.
72-74. Yg.
75. Ad.
Orontes.
L. of Galilee. Near Ghet-el-Nassara, L. Menzaleh. Bahr-el-Tawilah, near L. Menzaleh. Near Damietta. ” 99 Nile near Cairo. Giza, near Cairo. Beni Souef, Fayum. ” ” by) Birket Karun, ,, 99 » 33 Bahr Selah, Fayum. Bahr Tamiyeh, Fayum. Between Abu Tig and Assiut. Assiut.
Nile at Luxor. Near Luxor. Between Luxor and Assuan. Assuan.
Id. of Arko, Nubia. Khartum.
2) Karkoj, Blue Nile. Fashoda, White Nile. Gharb-el-Aish, _,, Bahr Zeraf. Alex. Russell, Esq. (C.). Canon Tristram (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). ” Dr. Riippell (C.). Capt. S. Flower (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 99 Dr. W. A. Cunnington and C. L. Boulenger, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). J. Petherick, sq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). +b] 9 Capt. S. Flower (P.).
76-78. Yg.
79. Ad.
80. Ad.
81. Ad.
§2-83. Ye.
84. Her.
85. Ad.
86-90. Yg.
95. Yg.
96-101. Her. & yg. 102-104. Yg., types of C. longiceps. 105. Ad.
106. Ad.
107-109. Ad. & hgr. 110. Type of C.
macracanthus.
SILURID 4, Gondokoro, Bahr et Gebel. Butyaba, L. Albert. L. Albert Edward. Gallaland, W. of Omo R. Sire R., L. Abaia, 3000 ft. L. Chad.
Guidimuni Pond, near Zinder, Upp. Senegal. Niger.
Mureji, Upp. Niger. Abo, Low. Niger. Agberi, 3 Benue R., N. of Ibi. Orah R., Lagos. Boma, Low. Congo. Monsembe, Upp. Congo. Upoto, 5 Upper Conge.
——?
J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). Prof. J. E. 8S. Moore (C.). Dr. Donaldson Smith (C.). Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.); W. N. MacMillan, Esq. (P.) Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). Paris Museum (.). Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). H. LL. Norton Traill, Esq. (C.). Major G. E. Bruce (P.). M. P. Delhez (C.). Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). Capt. Wilverth (C.). Brussels University. Zoological Society. 8. CLARIAS MELLANDI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvi. 1905, p. 644, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1074, fig.
Depth of body 53 Head once and # as process angular; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, 3 length of head; occipital fontanelle very small, in advance of occipital process; eye times in total length, length of head 54 times. long as broad, feebly granulate above ; occipital 34 times in length of snout, 54 times in interorbital width, which exceeds width of mouth and equals 3 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 4 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, forming a large semielliptic patch, squarely truncate behind, its longitudinal diameter 3 times that of the band of premaxillary teeth ; nasal barbel 2 length of head; maxillary barbel § length of head, reaching Gill-rakers Clavicles striated, distinct under the gill-opening ; outer mandibular barbel 2 length of head. jong, about 35 on anterior arch. thin skin. Dorsal 65, its distance from occipital process + length of head, its distance from caudal fin + length of head. narrowly separated from caudal. Anal 55, very 9 Pectoral 2 length of head, its spine
CLARIAS. U3}) serrated on the outer border and 2 the length of the fin. Ventrals slightly nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal 4 length of head. Olive-brown above, marbled with darker, whitish beneath; a dark streak on each side of the throat.
Total length 345 millim.
Lake Bangwelu.
Fig.198.
Clarias mellandt.
Type (P. Z. 8.1907). 3.
1. Type. L. Bangwelu. I, H. Melland, Esq., and Father Foulon (C.).
The following young specimens (85 and 145 millim. long) are referred with doubt to this species. In the smaller the vomerine band of teeth is crescentic, and only a little broader than the premaxillary, whilst in the larger it forms almost a half-disk. 16—20 gill-rakers on anterior arch. Dorsal 70. Anal 60. Distance between dorsal and caudal 4 to 3 length of head.
2-3. Ye. Dongwenna, Mossamedes. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 9. CLARIAS TSANENSIS.
Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 438, Fish. Nile, p. 292, pl. li. fig. 2 (1907), and Proc. Zool. Soe. 1907, p. 1075. Depth of body 63 to 7} times in total length, length of head 34 to 3+ times. Head 14 to 12% times as long as broad, perfectly smooth above; vertex very strongly flattened, almost concave in the adult ;
240 SILURID A.
occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, 3 to 4 times as long as broad, 4 to 5 times in length of head; occipital fontanelle indistinct; eye 23 (young) to 4 times in length of snout, 4 to 63 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth nearly equal to interorbital width; band of premaxillary teeth 4 to 54 times as long as broad ; vomerine teeth granular, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as the premaxillary band; nasal barbel 4 to 4 length of head (2 in the very young) ; maxillary barbel # to once length of head (longer in the very young), reaching base or extremity of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbels % to % length of head (as long as head in the very young). Gill- Fig. 199.
rakers long and closely set, 45 (young)—70 on anterior arch. Dorsal 78—85, its distance from the occipital process + to + length of head, its distance from caudal fin equal Clarias tsanensts.
Type (F.N.). 2.
to or a little less than diameter of eye. Anal 60-70, touching root of caudal. Pectoral not quite half length of head, the spine very slightly serrated on the outer border, 2 (young) to % the length of the fin. Ventrals equally distant from end of snout and from caudal, or a little nearer the former. Caudal nearly 4 length of head. Dark olive-brown above, greyish beneath.
Total length 450 millim.
Lake Tsana, Abyssinia.
1-3. Types. Zegi. Mr. E. Degen (C.).
10. CLARIAS CAPENSIS.
Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 377 (1840) ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 255 (1901), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1075, and Ann, Natal Mus. i. 1908, p. 237. Depth of body 6% to 73 times in the total length, length of head 4 times. Head once and 3 as long as broad, its upper surface coarsely granulate ; occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle 34 to nearly
CLARIAS. 241 4 times as long as broad, + to 4 length of head; occipital fontanelle very small, well in advance of occipital process; eye very small, its diameter 3 to 4 times in length of snout, 5 to 7 times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and 2 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 6 times as long as broad; band of vomerine teeth a little narrower than the premaxillary band, rather widely interrupted in the middle, composed of small, partly pointed, partly granular teeth ; nasal barbel } to nearly $ length of head; maxillary barbel as long as head, reaching middle of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbel 3 length of head, inner about 3. Gill-rakers on first arch long and closely set, 55 in number. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 63-72. its distance from occipital process 7 to 4 length of head, its distance from caudal 1 to 4 diameters of eye. Anal 50-52, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral fin } length of head, the spine feebly serrated on the outer border, 3-3 the length of the fin. Ventral 14 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout. Caudal 4 length of head. Dark olive-brown above, whitish beneath.
Total length 550 millim.
Natal.—Type (stuffed), in Paris Museum, examined.
1. Ad. Pietermaritzburg. Dr. E. Warren (P.).
11. CLARIAS PLATYCEPHALUS.
Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 35, pl. x. fig. 1 (1902), and Proe. Zool. Soc, 1907, p. 1077.
Depth of body 6 to 63 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, feebly granulate above ; occipital process obtusely pointed; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, } to 4 length of head; occipital fontanelle smaller, in advance of occipital process ; eye very small, 4 times in length of snout, 74 to 8 times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and 4 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 5 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as the premaxillary band; nasal barbel 2 to ? length. of head; maxillary barbe] 13 times as long as head, extending beyond extremity of pectoral fin; outer mandibular barbel as long as head, inner 2 to 3. Gill-rakers few and wide apart, 12 on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 65-70, its distance from occipital process 4 length of head, its distance from caudal greater than diameter of eye. VOL. II. R
242 SILURID.
Anal 56-62, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral } length of head, the spine smooth and # the length of the fin. Ventral a little nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Fig. 200. Caudal } length of head. Dark brown — : above, brownish white beneath; anal with a light edge; caudal with dark bars.
Total length 340 millim.
Upper Congo, South Cameroon. Clarias platycephalus.
Type (A. M.C.). 3.
Type. Monsembe, Upper Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). -3. Her. Kribi R., 8. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 12. CLARIAS JAENSIS, sp. n.
Depth of body 6 to 64 times in total length, length of head 33 to 4 times. Head 13 to 12 times as long as broad, smooth or very feebly granulate above ; occipital process obtusely pointed ; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, + to 4 length of head ; occipital fontanelle small, in advance of occipital process; eye very small, 3 to Clarias jaensis.
rT 1 Type. +.
4% times in length of snout, 6 to 8 times in interorbital width,
CLARIAS. 243 which equals width of mouth and } length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 6 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as the premaxillary band ; nasal barbel 4 to % length of head; maxillary barbel nearly as long as or a little longer than head, reaching middle or end of pectoral fin; outer mandibular barbel # to 1 length of head, inner } to 3. 20 to 23 gill-rakers on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 85-95, its distance from occipital process 4 length of head, its distance from caudal 2 diameters of eye. Anal 65-75, its distance from caudal 15 to 2 diameters of eye. Pectoral net quite 4 length of head, the spine smooth or slightly serrated and § the length of the fin. Ventral 14 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal a little less than } length of head. Dark brown above, white beneath. Total length 450 millim.
Ja River (Congo System), South Cameroon.
-2, 3. Types. Ja R. at Bitye. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). J5. Tpyes. , at Hsamesa. ap 13. CLARIAS CARSONTI.
Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xii. 1903, p. 362, Fish. Nile, p. 294, pl. liii. fig. 1 (1907), and Proc. Zool. Soe. 1907, p. 1077. Depth of body 65 to 94 times in total length, length of head 4+ to 5 times. Head 14 to 14 times as long as broad, smooth; occipital process angular, not longer than broad; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped or knife-shaped, 24 to 5 times as long as broad, 4 or 5 times in length io, 202 Fig.202.
LILY Clarias carsoinit.
L, Victoria (F. N.). 3.
of head ; occipital fontanelle small, in advance of or encroaching a little on Occipital process; eye 3 to 5 times in length of snout, 6 to 82 times in interorbital width; width of mouth a little less than interorbital width ; band of premaxillary teeth 53 to 5 times as long as broad; R2
244 SILURID A.
vomerine teeth conical, some very obtusely, forming a crescentic band which is about as broad as the a, band ; nasal barbel 2 to 2 length of head ; maxillary barbel 2 to ? length of ewer not fate or reaching gill-opening; outer ements barbel 13 to 14 times length of inner, which measures $ to # length of head. Gill-rakers few and wide apart, 10 or 11 on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 65-78, its distance from occipital process 2? to 2 length of head, its distance from caudal equal to one or two diameters of eye. Anal 57-64, nearly touching caudal. Pectoral about 4 length of head, the spine very indistinctly serrated and measuring abontd the length of the fin. Ventral 14 to 12 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal $ as long as head. Dark brown above, lighter brown beneath.
Total length 285 millim.
Lake Nyassa to Uganda.
1. Type. Fwambo, Brit. C. Africa. A. Carson, Esq. (P.). 2-3. Her. L. Nyassa. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.).
4. Ad. Fort Portal, H. of Ruwenzori. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.) ; oo Expedition.
5-14. Ad., hgr., _L. Victoria. r. W. G. Doggett (C.) ; & yg. ae Delmé Radcliffe (P.).
15. Skel. i 9 16-17. Ad. &hgr. Bunjako, L. Victoria. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 18. Hyer. Munyongo, is ” 19-28. Ad., hgr., | Mabira Forest, Chagwe, W. of | Dr. C. Christy (P.). & yg. Ripon Falls.
14. CLARTAS POENSIS.
3ouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1078, fig.
Depth of body 84 times in total length, length of head 43 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, smooth; occipital process acutely pointed, as long as broad ; frontal and occipital fontanelles very small, the latter in advance of occipital process; eye very small, 35 times in length of snout, 7 times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and 4 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 4 times as long as broad ; vomerine teeth conical, forming a curved band which is narrower than the premaxillary band; nasal barbel about ? length of head, maxillary % length of head and reaching a little eyed base of pectoral, outer mandibular %, inner mandibular } length of head.