ENGRAULICYPRIS. PAB} 4, HUGRAULICYPRIS BOTTHGI.
Neobola botteg, Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 57, pl. v. fig. 1, and xvii. pp. 31, 364, and xix. 1898, p. 261; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, ii. p- 332, and Fish. Nile, p. 268 (1907).
Depth of body 5 to 6 times in total length, length of head 4 to 43 times. Head 1% to 2 times as long as broad; snout pointed, not projecting beyond mouth, shorter than eye, which is nearly 3 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior fourth or anterior third of eye; suborbitals covering greater part of cheek. Gill-rakers few and very short. Dorsal II 7-8, its origin corresponding to or slightly in advance of that of the anal, about twice as far from end of snout as from caudal; first branched Fig.187.
Engraulicypris bottegi.
Type, after Vincinguerra (J. c.).
ray longest, about $ length of head. Anal II 15-17. Pectoral acutely pointed, usually reaching ventral. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 40-45 =a) 1 between lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle. Yellowish brown above, silvery on the sides; fins colourless.
Total length 73 millim.
Somaliland, Southern Ethiopia, Omo River and Lake Rudolf.—Types in Genoa Museum.
1-3. Hgr. Ganana R. at Lugh. Capt. V. Bottego (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.).
4-6. Ad. & hgr. | Wabbi R. (Webi Shebeli). Prof. O. Neumann and Baron C. v. Erlanger (C.).
7-8. Ad. Modjo R. Es ss 9-12. Ad. Traro R. is 13-14. Ad. & her. Omo Rh. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 5. ENGRAULICYPRIS MINUTUS.
Neobola minuta, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 549, pl. xxxii. fig. 1. Depth of body 6 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Snout pointed, not extending beyond mouth, shorter than eye, which is
214 CYPRINID#.
33 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye. Dorsal II 7, originating further back than anal, at equal distance from head and from caudal, longest ray about 4 length of head. Anal II 18. Pectoral acutely pointed, as long as head, reaching root of ventral, Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 37 a 1 between _ Fig.188.
Engraulicypris minutus.
Type.
lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, olive on the back.
Total length 26 millim.
Lake Tanganyika, 1-5. Types. Mbete. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 10. CHELAUTHIOPS, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 101 (1899), Poiss. Bass. Congo, p, 236 (1901), and Fish. Nile, p. 271 (1907). Body strongly compressed, the belly keeled between the pectoral fins, coyered with rather large scales. Lateral line low down, following the ventral outline of the body and running along the lower part of the caudal peduncle. Mouth large, oblique, without lips; no barbels. Suborbitals large, covering the cheek. Gilil-membranes narrowly united to the isthmus. Dorsal fin without ossified ray, with 9 or 10 rays, 7 of which are branched, originating behind the vertical of the origin of the anal. Anal with 19 or 20 rays. Pectoral fins elongate, in contact or narrowly separated on the mid-ventral line. A scaly process at the base of the ventral fins. Pharyngeal teeth conical, hooked, in two series (5, 5—4, 3).
Nile, Webi Shebeli, and Congo.
Two species :— Depth of body 4-5 times in total length; dorsal above anterior halfofanal. . . . . , . J Depth of body 43-4} times in total length ; dorsal above middle of anal . C. bibie, Joann., p. 215, 2. C. elongatus, Blgr., p. 216.
CHEL©THIOPS. 215 1. CHELATHIOPS BIBIE.
Leuciscus tibie, Joannis, Mag. de Zool. 1835, iv. pl. iv. Pelecus bibie, Heckel, Russegger’s Reise Egypt. iii. p. 329 (1846). Barilius bibie, Giinther, Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 264 (1869). Chelethiops bibie, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 263; Werner, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, cxv. i. 1906, p. 1097*; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 271, pl. xlviii. fig. 5 (1907).
Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 4 to 42 Fig.189.
Chelcethiops babee.
Assuan.
times. Head 2 to 24 times as long as broad; snout acutely pointed, slightly projecting beyond mouth, not longer than eye, which is contained 3 to 4 times in length of head; interorbital width eyual to diameter of eye or a little greater; mouth extending to below centre of eye; suborbital bones nearly entirely covering cheek, second very narrow and extending to below centre of eye. Gill-rakers few and very short. Dorsal III 7. above anterior half of anal, twice as far from occiput as from base of caudal; first branched ray longest, 2 to 3 length of head. Anal III 16-19; first branched ray longest and as long as or a little shorter than that of dorsal. Pectoral acutely pointed, longer than head, extending beyond root of ventral. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle 12 to 2 times as long as deep. Scales with radiating striw, 37-41 ae 1-14 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Uniform silvery, brownish olive on the back; fins yellowish white.
Total length 55 millim.
Lower Nile to Bahr-el-Gebel ; Webi Shebeli.—Type apparently lost. 1-2. Ad. Barrage near Kalioub, N. of Cairo. Dr. F. Werner (P. 3-9. Her. Near Jinxor. L. Loat, Esq. (C.).
10-13. Ad. Between Luxor and Assuan. si _* Not the figure, which, through an oversight, is taken from a Barilius niloticus.
216 CYPRINID#.
14. Ad. Assuan. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 15. Ad. Near Kermeh, Nubia. 16-115. Ad. & her. Omdurman. 116. Skel. “A TL Jeleeass Kaka, White Nile. 118-121. Her. Lake No, 122-141, 142-143. Gondokoro. Ad. & her.
144. Ad. Ini, Webi Shebeli, Somaliland. Paris Museum (£.). ” 9 2. CHELATHIOPS ELONGATUS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 101, pl. xl. fig. 5 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 236 (1901). Closely allied to the preceding, but dorsal inserted above middle of anal. Depth of body 44 to 54 times in total length. Anal III 16-18. Scales 36-38 = Total length 60 millim. Upper Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. Fig.190.
Chelethiops clongatus.
Type (A. M. C.).
1-2. Ad Lindi R. M. M. Storms (C.) ; Brussels Museum (P.). 3: vA: Bumba R. at Assobam,8. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 4, Ad. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 5. Ad. Aruwimi R. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.) ; Ruwenzori Expedition. 11. NEMACHILUS.
Cobitis, part., Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 499 (1766); Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xviii. p. 1 (1846).
Nemachilus, Van Hass. Algem. Konst- en Letterb. ii. 1823, p. 183; Giinth, Cat. Fish. vii. p. 347 (1868) ; Herzenst. Wiss. Res. Praewalski Reis., Zool. ill. Fische, p. 1 (1888) ; Bouleng. Fish, Nile, p. 274 (1907). Diplophysa, Kessler, in Fedschenko’s Reise, ii. p. 57 (1874). Body elongate and feebly compressed, naked or with minute scales.
NEMACHILUS. 217 Lateral line along the middle of the side. Mouth small, inferior, surrounded by a circular lip; three pairs of barbels, two on the snout and one at the sides of the mouth. Suborbitals small, without spine. Gillopenings restricted to the sides. Dorsal fin short, with 10 to 17 rays, opposite to the ventrals or just behind the vertical of the latter. Anal fin short, with 7 to 9 rays. Pharyngeal teeth small, pointed and more or less distinctly hooked, in a single series. Air-bladder entirely or partially enclosed in a bony capsule open at the sides. Europe and Asia. A single species in Africa.
1. NEMACHILUS ABYSSINICUS.
Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 437, and Fish. Nile, p. 274, pl. xlviii. fig. 6 (1907).
Depth of body 7 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Head Fig.191.
Nemachilus abyssinicus.
Type. xX 12.
feebly compressed behind, twice as long as broad, Snout a little shorter than postorbital part of head, a little depressed; eye 5} times in length of head, 2 interorbital width; longest barbels twice diameter of eye. Dorsal 10, a little nearer caudal than occiput, originating immediately behind vertical of root of ventral, middle rays longest, nearly # length of head. Anal 9. Caudal feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Yellowish brown, with irregular dark spots, and a series of ten large transverse dark spots along the back; a small round black spot on the dorsal fin; caudal fin with dark spots. , Total length 40 millim.
Lake Tsana, Abyssinia.
1. Type. Bahardar. Mr. E. Degen (C.).
218 CYPRINID£.—SILURID&, The Gold-fish (Cyprinus auratus, L.), a native of Asia, has been introduced and has become acclimatized in North-west and South Africa, in Madagascar, and in Mauritius. It is easily distinguished from all the indigenous African Cyprinids by its long dorsal fin with at least 15 branched rays, and by the last simple ray of both dorsal and anal being serrated. When in a wild state the fish loses the bright coloration whence its specific name is derived.
Fam. 3. SILURID.
Mouth non-protractile, bordered by the premaxillaries and the maxillaries, or by the preemaxillaries only, the maxillaries being often rudimentary and supporting the base of a barbel; jaws usually toothed. Parietal bones usually confluent with the supraoccipital; symplectic and suboperculum absent. Pharyngeal bones normal, with small teeth. Some or all of the ribs attached to the lower surface of long parapophyses ; epipleurals absent. Pectoral fins inserted very low down, folding like the ventrals, often armed, like the dorsal, with a strong bony spine. Body naked or with bony plates. An adipose dorsal fin often present. One to four pairs of barbels.
Fresh-waters of all temperate and tropical parts of the world and coasts within the tropics and round South Africa. Synopsis of the Genera.
I, Ciarity2,—Dorsal and anal fing very long, without spine; gill-membranes free from the isthmus ; air-bladder small, bilobed, disposed transversely and partially enclosed in a bony sheath.
A. Dorsal fin single, formed entirely of articulated rays. 1. Hye with a free border ; pectoral and ventral fins well developed. Sides of head protected by bony shields . . 1. Clarias, Gron., p. 221. Sides of head naked, only the postorbital shield being present . . . .. . . . . 2 Allabenchelys, Blgr., p. 266. 2. Hye without free border ; sides of head naked. Postorbital shield present ; pectoral fins well developed, ventrals small. . . . . . 3. Clariallabes, Bler., p. 268. Postorbital shield absent; pectoral and ventral Dusen smalls y. Wee Neil in 40 1Gymnallabes, GthirsnelO. Postorbital shield absent ; pectoral fins rudimentary or absent, ventrals absent. . . 5, Channallabes, Gthr., p. 271.
SILURIDZ. 219 B. Dorsal fin divided into two, the posterior portion adipose. Sides of head protected by bony shields ; adipose dorsal fin large and supported by bony rays (the produced neural spines) . 6. Heterobranchus, Geoffr., p. 272. Sides of head naked, only the postorbital shield being present ; adipose dorsal fin small . 7. Dinotopterus, Blgr., p. 276. II. Prorosinz.—A short dorsal fin in front, with a pungent spine ; a second dorsal and a long anal, united with the caudal; gill-membranes free from isthmus ; air-bladder moderately large, free. 8. Plotosus, Lacep., p. 278.
IlI, Stturiy#.—Dorsal fin yery short or absent ; adipose dorsal fin very small ; anal fin much elongate ; gill-membranes free from isthmus. A. Dorsal fin with a spine.
Adipose finpresent +. ..'- ¢ - - . . 9 Hutropius, M. & T., p. 279. Adipose fin absent . . . . si aiiinilie, LOL Schelbes uy.» ps i203. B. Dorsal fin without spine ; vaaiee fin present. Teeth absent’... Pee a Lille) Selusanodons, Blk pwede. C. No rayed areal) fin, Adipose fin present... « . . . .. . «12, Physailia, Blgr,, p. 300. Adipose amjabsent| ) 92.) fs 2 i, wal deNPagradlia. Blor.) p..a02. IV. Bacrixa.—Dorsal fin short; adipose fin present, or transformed into a second rayed fin ; anal fin short ; gill-membranes free or very narrowly attached to isthmus.
A. Gill-emembranes more or less notched in the middle; nostrils widely separated from each other.
1. Nasal barbel present *.
a. Teeth on the palate.
Dorsal fin with 8-11 branched rays; adipose fin very large . . . 14. Bagrus, Cuv., p. 304. Dorsal fin with 5-6 poi rays ; gee fin moderate or small. . . . . . 15. Chrysichthys, Blkr., p. 314. Dorsal fin with 6 branched rays ; second ale: sal fin rayed, with an anterior spine in the adulterers ee; te ke om Olarotess Kner 34h b. Palate eanlecs Dorsal with 6-7 branched rays . . . . . 17. Gephyroglanis, Blgr., p. 344. 2. Nasal barbel absent.
a, Anterior nostril on upper surface of snout; dorsal with 5-7 branched rays.
*SometimesveryminuteinGephyroglanis.
220 SILURID&.
a. Teeth on the palate.
Maxillary barbel terminating in a leaf-like expansion . . . . . . . 18. Phyllonemus, Blgr., p. 349. B. Palate renee Dorsal and pectoral fins with a pungent spine. 19. Leptoglanis, Blgr., p. 350. Dorsal and pectoral fins without spine ; posterior nostril distant from the eye. . . 20. Amphilius, Gthr., p. 353. Dorsal and pectoral fins without spine ; posterior nostril close to the eye . . . . 21. Paramphilius, Pellegr., p. 363. b. Anterior nostril on upper lip, tubular; palate toothless. Dorsal with 7 branched rays; gill-membranes deeply notched; eye without free border. 22. Parauchenoglanis, Blgr., p. 364. Dorsal with 7-8 branched rays; gill-membranes feebly notched; eye with free border. 3) . . « . 23. Auchenoglanis, Gthr., p. 366. Dorsal with 14-15 ena rays; gill-membranes feebly notched; eye without free border. sere iev a ome, see 245 Notoglanidiun, (Gthiemps ailits B. Gill-membranes not notched, forming a straight transverse fold or a very open angle; nasal barbels absent ; dorsal with 6-7 branched rays. Palate toothless; nostrils rather widely separated from each other. . . . . 25. Ancharius, Stdr., p. 378 Teeth on vomer and pterygoids; otteale alias togethermcma inn ae . 26. Galeichthys, C. & V., p. 381. Teeth on pterygoids ; oeT ae pets . 27. Arius, C. & V., p. 383. V. Dorapina.—Dorsal fin short ; a second dorsal fin, adipose or rayed ; anal short ; gill-membranes more or less grown to isthmus. A. Second dorsal fin adipose, without rays ; movable, slender, curved teeth in the mandible.
1. Mandibular barbels branched ; preemaxillary teeth conical, not movable.
Hye with free border . . .. . . . « 28. Synodontis, Cuv., p. 391. Hye without free border . . . . 29. Microsynodontis, Blgr., p. 476. 2. None of the barbels branched; mouth with a sucker-like papillose circular lip.
Preemaxillary teeth conical, not movable, mandibular pointed; eye without free border. 30. Chiloglanis, Peters, p. 478. Premaxillary teeth pointed, curved, mandibular with truncate or bicuspid crowns ; eye with free border . . .. . . dl, Huchilichthys, Blgr., p. 486. Premaxillary and mandibular teeth moy sin with truncate crowns; eye withfree border 32. Atopochilus, Sauy,, p. 490.