SYNODONTIS. 437 Depth of body 32 to 4 umes in total length, length of head 34 to 3} times. Head a little longer than broad, granulate above ; snout obtusely pointed, nearly 3 length of head; eye supero-lateral, 43 (young) to 6 times in length of head, 2 to 24 times in interorbital width ; lips rather strongly developed ; movable mandibular teeth not § diameter of eye, 50 to 55 in number, Maxillary barbel not margined, as long as or a little shorter than head, extending slightly beyond base or to anterior third of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbel not quite twice as long as inner, usually with simple branches, inner with Fig.328.
fee Synodontis haugi.
L. Azingo. 3.
ramified branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield with granular rugosities, not or but little longer than broad, obtusely tectiform, with rounded posterior processes, Humeral process obtusely keeled, much longer than deep, acutely pointed, extending a little beyond occipito-nuchal process. Skin villose on sides. Dorsal I 6-7; spine as long as or a little shorter than head (2 in young), striated, smooth or feebly granulate in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 5 tu 3} times
438 SILURIDA.
as long as deep, 13 to nearly 2 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 8-9, rounded. Pectoral spine as long as dorsal, strongly serrated on both sides, especially on the inner. Caudal deeply forked. Brown, uniform or with very indistinct darker spots on the body and fins ; young with large dark brown spots.
Total length 230 millim.
Ogowe and Lake Azingo, French Congo.—Type in Paris Museum. 1-3. Ad. L. Azingo, Gaboon. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.). 4. Yg. Lambarene, Ogowe. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 30. SYNODONTIS DEPAUWI.
Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 45, pl. xxii. fig. 2 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 307 (1901).
Depth of body equal to or slightly greater than length of head, 32 to 4% times in total length. Head nearly as broad as long, granulate above ; Fig.829.
Synodontis depauwr.
Type (A.M.C.). 3.
snout rounded, $ length of head or a little less; eye supero-lateral, 4 (young) to 6 times in length of head, 14 to 2 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed; pramaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable’ mandibular teeth not 4 diameter of eye, 30 to
SYNODONTIS. 439 39 in number. Maxillary barbel without marginal membrane, 1{ to 14 times length of head, reaching middle or posterior third of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel 2 to 3 times as long as inner, former with long, slender branches, latter with shorter branches with tubercular ramifications. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield granulate, simply convex, 1} to 1} times as long as broad, with posterior processes acutely or obtusely pointed. Humeral process much longer than broad, keeled, sharply pointed, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Skin feebly villose on sides. Dorsal I 7; spine about % length of head, nearly straight, striated, sharp-edged in front, very feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 34 to 44 times as long as deep, 2 to 33 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 7-8, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as head, not reaching ventral, strongly serrated on both sides, especially behind. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe usually the longer. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep. Uniferm brownish ; young with dark marblings, black spots on the fins, and a black streak along each lobe of the caudal.
Total length 210 millim.
Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren.
-2. Two of the types. Leopoldville. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 3. Yg. Bumba R. Ce of Sanga R.) G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). atAssobam,8S.Cameroon.
31. SYNODONTIS THOLLONI.
Synodontis robbianus (non Smith), Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 144. Synodontis tholloni, Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 304 (1901). Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 34 times in total length. Head rugose, granulate above; snout a little more than 4 length of head, rounded ; eye supero-lateral, 5 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth about 4 diameter of eye, about 30 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, longer than head, extending to middle of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with short branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield tectiform, with ota a asperities, the posterior processes rounded. Humeral process 21 times as long as broad, feebly keeled, obtusely pointed. Dorsal 1 7 5
440 SILURID.®.
spine strongly curved, a little shorter than head, smooth in front, serrated behind. Adipose dorsal shorter than head, its distance from rayed dorsal less than base of latter. Anal III 8. Pectoral spine a little shorter than head, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal moderately forked. Uniform reddish brown (bleached 2).
Total length 144 millim.
French Congo.—Type in Paris Museum. 32. SYNODONTIS ANGELICUS.
Schilth. Tijdschr. Nederl. Dierk. Ver. (2) ili. 1891, p. 87; Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 141, & vii. pl. xiv. fig. 1; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p- 311 (1901).
Depth of body 34 to 44 times in Fig. 330. total length, length of head 31 to 32 times. Head as long as broad or a little longer than broad, feebly rugose above ; snout rounded, 14 to 13 times as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 44 to 53 times in length of head, 14 to 2 Synodontis angelicus.
French Congo, after Vaillant (1. ¢.). 4. times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth forming ashort and broad band; movable mandibular teeth about 3 diameter of eye, 30 to 55 in number. Mavillary barbel without
SYNODONTIS. 441 marginal membrane, 1} to 14 times length of head, reaching between basal and distal third of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner, former with moderately long, mostly bifid branches, latter with shorter branches with numerous ramifications. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield feebly rugose like the occiput, simply convex or obtusely tectiform, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, posterior processes pointed or obtuse. Humeral process much longer than broad, granulate above, striated below, acutely pointed, extending as far back or a little farther back than occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal 17; spine # to once length of head, more or less curved, striated, smooth in front, strongly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3 to 4 times as long as deep, 2 to 3 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 7-8, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as or a little longer than head, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral reaching or nearly reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Brown to blackish above and beneath, with small round or oval yellow spots disposed rather far apart and with great regularity; rayed fins yellow, barred with black, the black bars usually wider than the yellow interspaces ; the yellow spots and the black bars fewer in the young than in the adult.
Total length 185 millim.
Congo.
1. Type. Kinshassa, Stanley Pool. M. A. Greshoff (C.) ; Utrecht University (E.).
2. Ad. Stanley Pool. M. P. Delhez (C.).
3-4, Ad. &hgr. Leopoldville. Capt. Wilverth (C.).
5. Ad. Bolobo, Upp. Congo. Rev. G. Grenfell (P.).
6-7. Ad. Monsembe, _,, Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.).
8. Ye. Kutu, L. Leopold II. M. P. Delhez (C.).
9. Ad. Upper Congo. Brussels University.
10. Yg. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.).
33. SYNODONTIS COURTETI.
Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1906, p. 473, and in Chevalier, Afr, C. Franc. p. 449, fig. (1907).
Depth of body 44 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Snout subacuminate, twice as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 53 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital
449 SILURIDA.
width ; lips much developed; movable mandibular teeth short, 15 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, reaching base of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel with 3, outer with 5 or 6 simple branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield feebly rugose. Humeral process much longer than broad, not keeled, sharply pointed, not extending quite so far back as occipito-nuchal shield. Dorsal I 7; spine 4 length of head, smooth in front. Adipose dorsal 38 times as long as its distance from rayed Synodontis courteti.
Type, after Pellegrin (J. c.). Galo dorsal. Anal IV 9, rounded. Pectoral spine stronger and longer than dorsal, not reaching ventral, serrated on both sides. Caudal moderately forked. Greyish, with very numerous black dots on the head and with larger round black spots on the body and fins, those on the sides of the body largest, as large as the eye.
Total length 105 millim.
Shari River.—Type in Paris Museum.
34. SYNODONTIS PARDALIS.
Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 30.
Depth of body 43 to 43 times in total length, length of head 32 to 34 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, granulate above; snout obtusely pointed, 14 to 13 times as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 45 to 55 times in length of head, 13? to 24 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth about 4 diameter of eye, 15 to 20 in number. Maxillary barbel feebly margined at base, as long as or slightly shorter than head, extending to anterior fourth or third of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with short tubercular
SYNODONTIS. 443 branches, outer twice as long as inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield granulate like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, a little longer than broad, with posterior processes truncate. Humeral process granulate, not keeled, little longer than broad, obtusely pointed, extending nearly as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine as long as head, Fig.332.
Synodontis pardalis.
Type. 3.
feebly curved, striated, smooth in front, serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3 to 4 times as long as deep, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal LV 7, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal fin deeply notched, crescentic. Caudal peduncle about as long as deep. Pale brown above, white beneath ; head with numerous small round dark brown spots ; body with large round dark brown spots, the ground-colour between them forming a light network ; fins white, with more or less regular, horizontal, oblique black bands, 5 to 7 across dorsal, 3 or 4 on ventral and anal, 7 to 11 on caudal. Total length 200 millim.
Ja River (Congo System), South Cameroon.
444 SILURIDA.
1-4. Types. Libi R., afl. of Ja R. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 5-6. Ad. Ja R. at Efayong. ” 7. Ad. Ja R. at Hsamesa. 8 35. SYNODONTIS ORNATIPINNIS.
Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 111, pl. xiii. fig. 2 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 321 (1901).
Depth of body 44 to 4% times in total length, length of head 5} to 33 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, feebly rugose above from between the eyes ; snout obtusely pointed, 13 or 2 times as long as postocular part 2 of head; eye supero-lateral, 4 to 44 times in length of head, 13 to 13 Fig.333.
Synodontis ornatipinnis.
Type (A. M.€.). 2.
times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth hardly + diameter of eye, 20 to 26 in number. Maxillary barbel broadly margined at base, a little longer than head, reaching middle or posterior third of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with short tubercular branches, outer a little more than twice as long as inner. Gill-opening