EvidenceLib · Topic area
Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat
Glaucoma, cataract, hearing loss, sinus and throat conditions and their treatment. 51 evidence-grounded articles and 4 open-access full-text articles.
A B C E G H I K L M N O P R S T U V X
Aniseikonia
A condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by one eye differs in size and shape from that seen by the other.
Aphakia
Absence of crystalline lens totally or partially from field of vision, from any cause except after cataract extraction.
Asthenopia
Term generally used to describe complaints related to refractive error, ocular muscle imbalance, including pain or aching around the eyes, burning and itchiness of the eyelids, ocular fatigue, and headaches.
Astigmatism
Unequal or irregular curvature of the cornea (Corneal astigmatism) and/or the eye lens (Lenticular astigmatism) resulting in refractive error.
Blepharoptosis
Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
A visual impairment characterized by the accumulation of fluid under the retina through a defect in the retinal pigment epithelium.
Chorioretinitis
Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque.
Cone Dystrophy
A general term which describes a group of rare eye disorders that affect the cone cells of the retina.
Corneal Edema
An excessive amount of fluid in the cornea due to damage of the epithelium or endothelium causing decreased visual acuity.
Corneal Neovascularization
New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent corneal stroma.
Corneal Opacity
Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea.
Ectropion
The turning outward (eversion) of the edge of the eyelid, resulting in the exposure of the palpebral conjunctiva.
Endolymphatic Hydrops
An accumulation of endolymph in the inner ear (labyrinth) leading to buildup of pressure and distortion of intralabyrinthine structures, such as cochlea and semicircular canals.
Entropion
The turning inward (inversion) of the edge of the eyelid, with the tarsal cartilage turned inward toward the eyeball.
Epiretinal Membrane
A membrane on the vitreal surface of the retina resulting from the proliferation of one or more of three retinal elements: (1) fibrous astrocytes; (2) fibrocytes; and (3) retinal pigment epithelium.
Exfoliation Syndrome
The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium,
Geographic Atrophy
A form of macular degeneration also known as dry macular degeneration marked by occurrence of a well-defined progressive lesion or atrophy in the central part of the retina called the macula lutea.
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its
Hyperopia
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus behind the retina, as a result of the eyeball being too short from front to back.
Iridocyclitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of the iris and ciliary body characterized by exudates into the anterior chamber, discoloration of the iris, and constricted, sluggish pupil.
Iritis
Inflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris.
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Drying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion.
Keratoconus
A noninflammatory, usually bilateral protrusion and thinning of the cornea, the apex being displaced downward and nasally.
Leber Congenital Amaurosis
A rare degenerative inherited eye disease that appears at birth or in the first few months of life that results in a loss of vision.
Lens Subluxation
Incomplete rupture of the zonule with the displaced lens remaining behind the pupil.
Macular Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the retina usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the macula lutea) because of damage to the retina.
Macular Edema
Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the macula lutea that results from intraocular or systemic insults.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
A chronic dysfunction of meibomian glands characterized by altered tear film stability and function due to a decrease or alteration in lipid quality/content in meibum.
Mydriasis
Dilation of pupils to greater than 6 mm combined with failure of the pupils to constrict when stimulated with light.
Myopia
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the retina when accommodation (accommodation, ocular) is relaxed.
Night Blindness
Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days.
Orbital Pseudotumor
A nonspecific tumor-like inflammatory lesion in the orbit of the eye.
Otitis
Inflammation of the ear, which may be marked by pain (earache), fever, hearing disorders, and vertigo.
Otitis Externa
Inflammation of the outer ear including the external ear canal, cartilages of the auricle (ear cartilage), and the tympanic membrane.
Otosclerosis
Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the stapes (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the cochlea leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed hearing loss.
Ototoxicity
Damage to the EAR or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in chemotherapy; immunotherapy; or radiation.
Panuveitis
Inflammation in which both the anterior and posterior segments of the uvea are involved and a specific focus is not apparent.
Pterygium
An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, an
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium.
Retinal Dystrophies
A group of disorders involving predominantly the posterior portion of the ocular fundus, due to degeneration in the sensory layer of the retina; retinal pigment epithelium; bruch membrane; choroid; or a combination of these tissue
Retinal Neovascularization
Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.
Retinitis
Inflammation of the retina.
Retinopathy of Prematurity
A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conve
Retinoschisis
A vitreoretinal dystrophy characterized by splitting of the neuroretinal layers.
Scleritis
Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated.
Trichiasis
A disease of the eye in which the eyelashes abnormally turn inwards toward the eyeball producing constant irritation caused by motion of the lids.
Tympanic Membrane Perforation
A temporary or persistent opening in the eardrum (tympanic membrane).
Uveitis
Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina).
Vitreous Detachment
Detachment of the corpus vitreum (vitreous body) from its normal attachments, especially the retina, due to shrinkage from degenerative or inflammatory conditions, trauma, myopia, or senility.
Xerophthalmia
Dryness of the eye surfaces caused by deficiency of tears or conjunctival secretions.
Open-access full-text articles
Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in Otolaryngology research: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Sirat Lodhi, Donny Kong, Stefan Linton et al. · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2025 · CC BY 4.0
Ear, Nose, and Throat Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Spectrum
Eleni Litsou, Georgios Psychogios, Maria Saridi et al. · Medicina 2026 · CC BY 4.0
Outcomes reported in randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine for acute pharyngitis: a scoping review
Danni Li, Chenyao Zhang, Yanjun Jin et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology 2026 · CC BY 4.0
Cannabis related side effects in otolaryngology: a scoping review
Jobanjit S. Phulka, Joel W. Howlett, Amanda Hu · Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery 2021 · CC BY 4.0