17. SPELERPES. 67 United States—Eastern and Austro-riparian districts, except Texas. a, United States.
bc. 3. —P 7. Spelerpes multiplicatus.
Spelerpes multiplicatus, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1869, p. 106. Palatine teeth forming short series, each rather suddenly bent backwards, not extending outwards beyond choane, well separated from parasphenoid patches ; latter separated. General proportions as in Batrachoseps scutatus. Head flat; snout rather thick and short. Fingers and toes free, short, especially inner and outer. Tail a little compressed and considerably thickened, keeled at the end. Twenty-one costal grooves. Brown, inferior surfaces paler; sometimes the brown colour forms a broad dorsal band with dark points ; the sides are of a pinkish grey, and the under surfaces light yellow. Total length 82 millim.
Arkansas.
8. Spelerpes chiropterus.
Spelenes chiropterus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1863, p. 54, and 1889, p. 106; Strauch, Salam. p. 83.
—— orculus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1865, p. 196; Strauch, 1. e. Series of palatine teeth arched, not extending outwards beyond the choane, separated from parasphenoid patches ; latter separated. Head moderate; snout truncate. Body moderately elongate, measuring not quite three times the distance from snout to gular fold. Limbs moderate; fingers and toes short, free; a prominent winglike rudiment only of the inner digit on both pairs of extremities. Tail cylindrical, slightly longer than head and body. Skin smooth ; a distinct gular fold; eleven (or twelve) costal grooves. Dark brown above, with or without a reddish or yellow dorsal band; sometimes uniform black. The single specimen at my disposal is dark brown above, with two yellow dorsal bands, narrower than the space between them, commencing on the parotoid region, uniting and continuing on the tail; the lower surfaces light brown. Head and body 24 millim.; tail 26 millim.
Mexico.
a. Her. —? Prof. St. George Mivart [P.].
9. Spelerpes cephalicus.
Spelerpes cephalicus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1865, p. 196, and 1869, p. 106; Strauch, Salam. p. 88.
The shortest and stoutest species of the genus, the form being more that of Amblystoma opacum. Series of palatine teeth nearly straight, not in contact, externally extending beyond choane, separated from F2
68 SALAMANDRIDA.
parasphenoid patches; latter distinct from each other. Snout rounded, truncate. Posterior limb stout; fingers and toes flat, depressed, margined, inner very rudimental. Tail a little shorter than head and body, swollen, little compressed, constricted at base. Skin everywhere finely wrinkled; a gular fold; eleven costal grooves, Colour dull black, paler on the sides ; lips and gular region minutely marbled with ashen. Total length 65 millim.
Mexico.
10. Spelerpes leprosus.
Spelerpes leprosus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1869, p. 105. Palatine teeth in two slightly arched series, extending externally beyond choane, separated from parasphenoid patches by a slight interspace ; parasphenoid patches narrow, well separated, diverging posteriorly. Head moderate, depressed, longer than broad ; greatest width at angles of jaws; mouth rounded, without canthus rostralis ; eyes moderately large. Body cylindrical, measuring three to three and a half times the distance from tip of snout to gular fold. Limbs rather weak ; fingers and toes short, depressed, webbed at the base, inner very short. Tail cylindrical, about the length of head and body. Skin smooth, closely pitted; no parotoids; gular fold distinct; twelve costal grooves. Black; sides of body and tail, and sometimes back, splotched lichen-like with grey. Fe 8; Total length............ 91 105 millim.
From snout to cloaca .... 46 53—Cs, Head, eicas as nescewanas 94 TW Width of head.......... 8 O. gs Fore limb.............. 12 14s, Hind limb ... reas ox LS LE sy WALL. pceiciearntangerumraedsutans 45 52. Cy, Mexico a-d. 8 9. Mexico, M. Sallé [C.}.
e-g. d & ye. Jalapa. Mr. Hoege (o4, 11. Spelerpes bellii.
Spelerpes bellii, Gray, Cat. p. 46.
Bolitoglossa mexicana, Dum. § Bibr. p. 98, pl. 104. f. 2. Spelerpes bellii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 872, and 1869; p. 105; Strauch, Salam. p. 84.
Palatine teeth in two slightly arched series, extending externally beyond choane, separated from parasphenoid patches by a small interspace; parasphenoid patches well separated, diverging posteriorly. Head moderate, depressed, slightly longer than broad, greatest width at angles of jaws; snout short, rounded, without canthus rostralis; eyes large. Body slightly depressed, measuring
17. sPELERPES. 69 thrice to thrice and two thirds the distance from tip of snout to gular fold. Limbs moderate ; fingers and toes very short, depressed, very obtuse, united at the base. Tail thick, cylindrical, about the length of head and body. Skin smooth, closely pitted ; no parotoids ; a vertical groove behind angle of jaws, crossed by a horizontal groove extending from posterior corner of eye to gular fold; latter strong ; twelve costal grooves. Black; back with two series of yellow spots (red during life), which may unite and form regular chevrons; these spots sometimes very close together, separated by linear black interspaces resembling scutes.
we 2.
Totallength............ 176 205 millim.
From snout tocloaca .... 91 101 OA: ie-ciste aucia ease weer 17 VT 35 Width of head.......... 15 16 sC,, Forelimb.............. 21 24. ~(C«, Hind limb ............ 28 24, SPAIN snasetaye ava eee! oles as 85 104 —,, Mexico.
a 9. Mexico. Th, Bell, Esq. [P.]. (Type.)
b-c. 9 & her. Mexico.
d-e. 5 & her. City of Mexico. Mr. Doorman [C.]. fd. Putla. M. Boucard [C.].
“g. Yg. Jalapa. Mr. Hoege [C.].
12, Spelerpes fuscus.
Geotriton fuscus, Gray, Cat. p. 47.
Geotriton fuscus, Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Gené, Syn. Rept. Sard. p. 282 ; Dum. & Bibr. p. 112; De Betta, Mem. Ist. Venet. ii. p. 582; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1869, p. 102; De Betta, Fawn. Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 84; Wiedersh. Ann. Mus, Gen. vii. p. 106. ; Salamandra genei, Schleg. Faun. Japony Amph. p. 115, and Adbild. p. 122, pl. 89. £ 5-7.
Geotriton genei, Tschudi, Batr. p. 94, pl. 5. f. 3. Spelerpes fuscus, Strauch, Salam. p. 83; Schrew. Herp. Eur. p. 66. Palatine teeth in two slightly arched series, extending externally beyond choane, separated from parasphenoid teeth ; latter in two patches close together anteriorly, diverging posteriorly. Head moderate, longer than broad; snout truncate, with distinct canthus rostralis and very oblique loreal regions; a more or less marked swelling below each nostril, remnant of the cirrhus apparently common to the young of all the species of this genus; in the young the nostril is enormously large, as in the genus Thorius; eye rather large, prominent. Body short for the genus, measuring only about twice and a half the distance from tip of snout to gularfold. Limbs moderate, meeting when laid against the body; fingers and toes short, the tips very obtuse, almost truncate, half webbed; no carpal or tarsal tubercles. Tail cylindrical, shorter than head and body. af
70 SALAMANDRIDE, Skin smooth, porous; no parotoids; a strong gular fold; a groove from the eye to the latter: ten or eleven costal grooves. Brown or olive above, frequently with indistinct lighter markings ; light brown beneath, uniform or speckled with darker. é 2&8.
Total length............ 96 84 millim. From snout to cloaca .... 54 46, GB: sarc ce ts hcwians el wt 12 10, Width of head.......... _ 29 S 4 Forelimb.............. 16 14 =, Hind limb ............ 18 16s; Tail sisson cawac date ae 42 38 C,, Italy ; France, Alpes Maritimes. a-b. 2 & her. Italy. J. J. Bianconi [P.1. ce. 3g, hgr., & yg. Spezia. Marquis G. Doria [P.]. 13. Spelerpes morio.
Oedipus morio, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad. 1869, p. 103. Dentition as in S. fuscus. Head rather small, longer than broad ; snout slightly truncate, without canthus rostralis; eye moderate. Body elongate, measuring about three times the distance from tip of snout to gular fold. Limbs rather weak, not meeting when adpressed ; fingers and toes very short. and broad, truncate, webbed, the tips free. Tail cylindrical, about the length of head and body. Skin smooth, porous; no parotoids ; a strong gular fold; twelve or thirteen costal grooves, Black, with indistinct whitish dots. Total length ............00000. 97 millim, From snout to cloaca ............ 50 ie Head ....... banc nsteciiagicigeta cet aay eed 92 Width of head................., TE oy Fore limb an... paca cakeca eee ees 12 35 Hind himb sscceaes pn aneunies ce 13 y Tail; scccecesaenaeunees ee ee ee ye 47, Mexico; Guatemala.
a-c. 9, hgr., & yg. Jalapa, Mexico. Mr. Hoege [C.]. 14, Spelerpes adspersus.
Spelerpes (Oedipus) adspersus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 468 ; Strauch, Salam, p. 84.
Oedipus adspersus, Cope, Proc, Ac, Philad. 1869, p. 103. Palatine teeth forming a short, very open chevron, not extending externally beyond choan», separated from parasphenoid teeth ; latter forming a pyramid-shaped patch, notched posteriorly. Head as in S. fuscus. Body measuring about three times the distance from tip
17, sPELERPES, 71 of snout to gular fold. Limbs weak, not meeting when adpressed; fingers and toes very short and broad, truncate, webbed, the tips free; no carpal or tarsal tubercles. Tail cylindrical, shorter than head and body. Skin smooth; no parotoids; gular fold strong; twelve costal grooves. Black or dark brown, with pale specks which may form series on the back.
Dimensions given by Peters :— Total length................4. 79 millim. From snout to claoca .......... 42 5 Head .Ascarcgaveceienseee @ i Width of head................ 7 Bore dim bie ess ave o eece ose sek 10 35 Hind limb cniecacse sesnea wees 103, Pal scierene hae waa ek. Becket 37 5 Colombia.
a-b, Adult, not good state. Bogota. Prof. Peters [P.]. 15. Spelerpes rufescens.
Oedipus rufescens, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1869, p. 104. Spelerpes (Oedipus) lignicolor, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1878, p. 617. Dentition as in S. adspersus. Head small, longer than broad; snout truncate, without canthus rostralis; eye moderate. Body short, measuring not quite three times the distance from tip of snout to gular fold. Limbs weak, not meeting when adpressed; fingers and toes entirely united; no carpal or tarsal tubercles. Tail cylindrical, shorter than head and body. Skin smooth; no parotoids ; a distinct gular fold; twelve costal grooves. Brown, white-speckled beneath ; a triangular darker marking on the nape. Votal length scsi euccwiewis oa-ca eee 52 millim. From snout to cloaca .......... 30 5 Head... 6. eesdas twee wedeaws ‘ar Width of head ................ 5 45 Fore limb-ei4 scree ceewreeauns ek 4% Hind limb: siseeiirws evan eny 9 Tail, siesa+ vaawees eee ewaar ees 22) og Mexico, Vera Cruz; Chiriqui.
a, Her. —-P 16. Spelerpes altamazonicus.
Oedipus altamazonicus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1874, p. 120. Palatine teeth in two short arches meeting in the middle, not extending outwards beyond choane, separated from the parasphenoid teeth; latter forming a single patch anteriorly. Head an elongate oval; end of snout tumid, notched in the middle. Body elongate.
72 SALAMANDRID E, Limbs weak; digits palmate to the tips. Tail long, swollen at the base, a vertical oval in section. Skin smooth, porous; thirteen costal grooves. Uniform dark brown. Total length ..............000- 82 millim. Head and body...........+.05. 40 as ead isi teeesorsneale ae gee eines Ti 5 Width of head ...............- Blas Fore limb «i6.0saseenceeseae ea 7 i Nauta, Upper Amazon.
17. Spelerpes yucatanicus.
Palatiue teeth in two slightly arched series meeting in the middle, not extending outwards beyond the choane, separated from the parasphenoid teeth; latter in a single, pyramidal patch. Head small, depressed, longer than broad; snout rounded, without canthus rostralis; eye moderately large. Body rather depressed, elongate, measuring thrice and a half the distance from snout to gular fold. Limbs weak; fingers entirely united. Tail thick, cylindrical, as long as head and body. Skin smooth, porous; gular fold distinct ; twelve costal grooves. Blackish brown; upper surfaces sprinkled with grey, lichen-like; lower surfaces with grey specks, some of which are confluent into short longitudinal lines. Total length ................4. 107 millim. From snout to cloaca .......... 56 a Head sos sa se nbs Be ede erect 10 =, Width of head ................ A 55 Hore HM: 5 igi isis aoa owes ns 12 ‘3 Hand UMM 9.5 .aenidia ees eu ale ids 13 a Oo eames see deaureeenee 51 PA Yucatan.
a o. Yucatan, 18. Spelerpes infuscatus, Spelerpes (Oedipus) infuscatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1879, p. 778. Palatine teeth series extending outwards beyond the choane, separated from parasphenoid teeth ; latter inasingle patch. Body elongate; length of head and body equals seven times the width of the head. Limbs weak; digits entirely webbed. Gular folds distinct; thirteen costal grooves. Brown, sides blackish. Total length (tail injured) ...... 43 millim. From snout to cloaca .......... 21 5 Headiscc tasers weans coeds 4, ,, Width of head ................ 3 of Fore limb iiicsieccienee as aran 4 ,, Hind limb........ 6... cece eee 4 Hayti.
17. SPELERPES. 73 19. Spelerpes variegatus.
Oedipus variegatus, Gray, Cat. p. 48. ? Oedipus platydactylus (Cuv.), Tschudi, Batr, p. 93. Salamandra variegata, Gray in Griff. A. K. ix. p. 107. Bolitoglossa mexicana, part., Dum. § Bibr. pl. 104. fig. 1. Geotriton carbonarius, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad, 1860, p. 873. Oedipus salvinii, Gray, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) ii. p. 297. carbonarius, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1869, p. 103. Spelerpes variegatus, Strauch, Salam. p. 84. — salvinii, Strauch, lc.
—— sp., Miiller, Verh. naturf. Ges, Basel, vi. p. 645, pl. 3. figs. C, D. Series of palatine teeth extending outwards beyond the choane, separated from the parasphenoid teeth ; latter forming a single patch, with or without a distinct notch posteriorly. Head small, longer than broad, depressed; snout rounded, slightly truncated; eyes moderately large. Body elongate, measuring thrice and a half to thrice and two thirds the distance from tip of snout to gular fold. Limbs weak ; digits very short, entirely united; no carpal or tarsal tubercles. Tail cylindrical, generally longer than head and body. Skin smooth, shining, porous; no parotoids; a distinct gular fold; twelve or thirteen costal grooves. Black; back and head generally yellow (red ?), or with yellow spots or bands. Total length ............ 175 =184 millim. From snout to cloaca .... 84 88 a TOAd oi nto ait ok sleeare aan 14 15 i Width of head .......... 12 13s, Fore limb .............. 20 19 a Hind limb.............. 20 20 $5 Tail svseanessodada se le 91 96 Central America.
The specimens may be referred to the following varieties of coloration :— A, Blackish brown, with two longitudinal yellow bands. a. 3, bleached. Mexico. (Type.)
B. Blackish brown ; head, back, and upper surface of tail yellow, with or without a few small black spots. a S. Mexico. (Type.)
e 9. Mexico.
d-f. 2 & her. Mexico. M. Sallé [C.]. g-h. 3? & her. Cordilleras.
a 9. City of Mexico. Mr. Doorman [C.]. kK @. Orizaba.
i. Yg Jalapa. Mr. Hoege [C.].
C. Blackish brown ; head, back, and upper surface of tail yellow, with large irregular black spots, with a very narrow white margin.
m. Ba Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. (Type of Oedipus salvinit.)
nm 9. Guatemala, O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
74 SALAMANDRIDE.
D. Blackish brown, with few irregular yellow spots on head, back, and base of tail.
o Q. Pacific coast of Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. E. Blackish brown ; head vermiculated with yellow ; upper surface of hack and tail with scute-like yellow spots, asin some specimens of S. bellii; limbs, sides, and lower surfaces closely speckled with grey.
p. do. Mexico. M. Sallé [C.].
20. Spelerpes parvipes.
Spelerpes (Oedipus) parvipes, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1879, p. 778. Series of palatine teeth extending outwards beyond the choanez, separated from the parasphenoid teeth ; latter forming a single patch. Body much elongate; head and body measuring eleven times the width of the head. Limbs very weak; fingers and toes little developed, united. Tail longer than head and body. Gular fold distinct ; seventeen costal grooves. Black; upper surface of head chiefly white; gular fold white ; belly and sides of tail blotched with white ; arm, elbow, and base of thigh with a white spot. Total length .ocs¢cs0ckewewas ee 100 millim.
From snout to cloaca .......... 44 58 Head cai cng te eaaueey weouews tgs Width of head ................ 4 - Fore limb ............ 00 ce eee 6 3 Hind WMD. 26 facie see aneea lode we « 9 ) Meat ial oie tty eunecaeeece a eee eR ORS 56 a Colombia.
21. Spelerpes lineolus.
Speerpes lineolus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1865, p. 197; Strauch, Salam. p. 83.
Opheobatrachus lineolus, Cope, eod. loc. 1869, p. 101. Palatine teeth forming a chevron, extending outwards slightly beyond the choane, separated from parasphenoid teeth; latter in two patches, confluent anteriorly, diverging posteriorly. Habit worm-like. Head very small, longer than broad; snout rounded, without canthus rostralis; eyes rather large. Body much elongate, cylindrical, measuring four and a half to five times the distance from tip of snout to gularfold. Limbs extremely weak ; digits rudimental. Tail at least twice as long as head and body, cylindrical, as thick as the body in a considerable portion of its extent. Skin smooth, shining; no parotoids; a distinct gular fold; thirteen or fourteen costal grooves. Uniform black.