3. MOLGE. . 11 This form is intermediate between, and perhaps a hybrid of, M. cristata and marmorata. Some specimens approach the former; others (and such are those in the British Museum) are nearer the latter, Fronto-squamosal arch ligamentous ; frontals with orhisg processes. Palatine teeth forming a A. Proportions body intermediate between the two last-named spefie; crest high, toothed. Green above, spotted or marbled sides, and sometimes lower surfaces, with white punctulation ; female generally with an orange vertebral line ; orange or bréwnish orange beneath, spotted with black; breeding male with a silvery-white band along the side of the tail. a Ges’ Qs Total length .......... 140. »/ 156 millim.
From snout to cloaca ...y 79 - 78 ,, ORG! “ss csisrsis: ainwreand ae y | 15 Cg, Width of head.......... 24 1B. sy Fore limb ............ 27 25, Hind limb ............ 30 26 «zs EP AMM ca vatiesn wncmteraarnneas es 70 73 =, N.W. France.
a-b. SO. Bretagne. Paris Museum [E.].
3. Molge marmorata.
Triton marmoratus, Gray, Cat. p. 20.
? Triton gesneri, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 388; Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 19. Salamandra marmorata, Latr. Hist. Salam. p. 38, pl. 3. £.2; Daud. Rept. viii. p. 241.
Hemisalamandra marmorata, Dugés, Ann. Se. Nat. (3) xvii. p. 261. Triton marmoratus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 135, pl. 106. f. 1; De UIsle, Ann. Se. Nat. (4) xvii. p. 864; Strauch, Salam. p. 46; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 582; Schreib. Herp, Eur. p. 43; Lataste, Herp. Gir. .331 Pyronicia marmorata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 137. Fronto-squamosal arch ligamentous ; frontals with distinct orbital processes. Palatine teeth in two series converging towards front, forming a A, commencing on a line with the choane. Tongue small, elliptic, free along the sides. Head about as long as broad: its length contained about thrice in the male, about thrice and a half in the female, in the length of the body; the greatest width of head at eyes; snout broad, rounded, depressed ; labial lobes well developed during the breeding-season. Body rounded; breeding male with an elevated straight-edged dorsal crest abruptly sinking on pelvic region; a longitudinal groove in the female. Limbs moderate; fingers and toes free, depressed, rather slender in the male, shorter in the female; carpal and tarsal tubercles very indistinct. Tail as long as, or a little longer than, head and body, ending in a point, strongly compressed during the breeding-season, and
12 SALAMANDRIDZ.
with an upper and lower crest. Skin more or less strongly tuberculate above and beneath; head and parotoid region with distinct pores; a series of pores between axilla and groin; a strong gular fold. Green above, marbled with black ; dorsal and upper caudal erest with vertical, alternately black and white bars ; female with an orange vertebral line; a silvery-white band along the side of the tail, most distinct in the breeding male; fingers and toes green, with black annuli ; lower surfaces brown or greyish, with more or less distinct darker spots, punctulated with white. (This punctulation is absent in specimen 2, the lower surfaces being beautifully blackand-white marbled.)
3. g.
Total length .......... 131 133 millim. From snout to cloaca .... 62 68 Cg, TGS © scsi wcace wan ewe ae 15 15. Cg, » Width of head.......... 143 15, Fore limb ............ 28 27 Oy Hind limb ............ 29 2 45 eh Satis ent iave. ast atararsaateccit 69 65, France, Spain, Portugal.
a-b. g. Fontainebleau. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. [P.]. c-d,e. 9. Nantes.
SJ. Xg. Montpellier.
g-h. 3b. Park in Palace-grounds =H. O. Forbes, Esq. [P.]. ofQuiluz.
a od. Oporto.
k-l. 29 & yg. Oporto. Col. Owen, K.C.A. [P.]. m. @. Oporto. E. Allen, Esq. [P.]. 4. Molge alpestris.
Triton ? alpestris, Gray, Cat. p. 21. Triton alpestris, Laur. Syn. Rept. pp. 88, 142, pl. 2. f. 4; Sturm, Deutschl. Faun, ; Tschudi, Batr.p.95; Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Dum. § Bibr. if 146 ; De Betta, Mem. et Venet. xi. p. 540; Fatio, Bibl. Univ, 1864, p. 275 ; Leydig, Arch. f. Naturg. 1868, p. 198 ; Strauch, Salam. p. 49; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, ili. p. 541, pl. 8; De Betta, Faun. Stal., Rett. Anf. p. 87; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 38. wurfbainii, Laur, J. c. p. 38, —— salamandroides, Laur. l.c. p. 40. oe ae cincta, Latr. Salam. p. 62, pl. 5. £.5 ; Daud. Rept. viii. . 269, ‘ a rubriventris, Daud. 1. c. p. 239, pl. 98. £. 1. epost, Bechst., Lacép. ii. p. 260; Schneid. Hist. Amph. ignea, Bechst. J.c. p. 263, Molge ignea, Merr. Tent. p. 186; Gravenh. Delic. p. 81. —— alpestris, Merr. 1. ce. p. 187. Triton apuanus, Bonap. Faun. Ital. Hemitriton alpestris, Dugds, Ann. Sc, Nat. (8) xvii. p. 268. Fronto-squamosal arch ligamentous ; frontals with distinct orbital
3. MOLGE. 13 processes. Palatine teeth in two series convergent towards front, forming a A, commencing on a line with the choane. Tongue small, subcircular, the sides free. Head a little longer than broad ; its length contained about thrice in the male, about thrice and a half in the female, in the length of the body ; the greatest width of head at eyes; snout broad, rounded ; breeding male with a low straight-edged dorsal crest, which is not interrupted on the pelvic region. Limbs moderate; fingers and toes free, depressed, short, scarcely longer in the male than in the female; two small carpal and tarsal tubercles. Tail as long as, or a little shorter than, head and body, ending in a point, strongly compressed during the breeding-season, and with an upper and lower crest. Skin more or less distinctly tuberculate on upper surfaces, smooth beneath ; head and parotoid region with distinct pores; a distinct gular fold. Upper parts brown, blackish, greyish, or purplish, uniform or marbled with darker ; a lateral series of small black spots on whitish ground, this being bordered inferiorly in the breeding male by a sky-blue band; dorsal and caudal crests white, with round black spots ; fingers and toes with black annuli; belly orange or red, immaculate; throat frequently black-dotted ; the lower edge of the female’s tail orange, with round black spots.
3. 9.
Total length ............ 83 104 millim.
From snout to cloaca .... 43 52. Cy, Head ss ciss geciavguwe as 103 iL. 5; Width of head .......... 4, 10, Hore limb assoc teow 208 17 VW oss Hind AMD is. isa woe aes 6 sie 17 17, MPAA esate tei cave iopaicapaespo ae 40 ‘52 ” North and Central France, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, North Italy.
a-b. 9. Belgium. Dr, A. Giinther [P.].
e, d-e. SQ. Plies Sch. Ss. Federn See, S. Germany. Dr. A. Giinther P: s i-k. S$, with gills. | Lombardy. Milan Museum [E.]. 5. Molge vittata.
Ommatotriton vittatus, Gray, Cat. p. 29.
Triton vittatus (Gray), Jenyns, Brit. Vert. p. 805; Guérin, Icon. R. A, p.17, pl. 28. f.2; Duges, Ann. Se. Nat. (8) xvii. p. 271; Dum. §& Bibr. p. 144; Strauch, Salam. p. 50; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 85; Lataste, Bull. Soc, Zool. France, 1877, p. 359, Lissotriton palmipes, var., Bell, Brit. Rept. p. 140. —— punctatus, var., Bell, J. c, 2nd edit. p. 151. Triton ophryticds, Berthold, Gétting. Nachr. 1846, p. 189; Strauch, le. p. 47, pl. if. 3; Steendachn, Verh. xool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxiv. 1874, p. 480.
Ommatotriton vittatus, Cooke, Our Reptiles, p. 169, pl. 10.
14 SALAMANDRID®.
Fronto-squamosal arch bony. Palatine teeth in two series, in contact in their anterior third, diverging posteriorly, commencing on a line with the choane. Tongue small, subcircular, sides and posterior margin free. Head a little longer than broad, its length contained about thrice and a half in the length of the body; the greatest width of head at angles of mouth; snout rounded; labial lobes well developed during the breeding-season. Body rounded; breeding male with an elevated, slightly toothed dorsal crest abruptly sinking on pelvic region; a slight vertebral ridge in the female, Limbs moderate; fingers and toes moderate, latter webbed at the base in the breeding male; tarsal tubercles two, sometimes indistinct. Tail a little longer than head and body, ending in a point, strongly compressed during the breeding-season, and with an upper and lower crest. Skin smooth or minutely tuberculate; head and parotoid region with distinct pores; no gular fold. Grey or brown above, closely black-spotted ; dorsal crest with vertical black bars, alternately broader and narrower; side of- body and tail with a white, black-edged band; throat black-dotted; belly immaculate. 3. Q.
Total length .......... 111 104 millim.
From snout to cloaca.... 51 51, Head 200 cnewevews ews ll is ee Width of head ........ 93 10 5, Fore limb ............ 18 ih arr 1 Hind limb ............ 20 16 SC, Tall jeaaa eawek ewes 60 53, Asia Minor, Syria.
a-c. SO. P Dr. J. E. Gray [P.]. (Types.
df. 3 & yg. Asia Minor, y LP} (Types) 6. Molge vulgaris.
Lophinus punctatus, Gray, Cat. p. 27.
Lacerta vulgaris, Linn. Faun. Suec. p. 281, and S, N. i. p. 370. —— palustris, part., Zinn. Ul. cc.
—— aquatica, Linn. il. ce. :
Triton palustris, Laur. Syn. ges 39, 145, pl. 4. f. 2. —— parisinus, Laur, 1c. p.40; Tourneville, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1879, p. 74.
Salamandra exigua, Laur. 1. c. pp. 41, 148, pl. 3. f. 4. —— teniata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 58.
abdominalis, Latr. Hist. Salam. p. 50, pl. 5. f.4; Daud. Rept. viii. p. 250.
punctata, Latr. 1. - 53, pl. 6. £6; Daud. Uc. p. 257. Lacerta teniata, Sturm, Deutschl. Faun.
Molge punctata, Merr. Tent. p. 186.
Triton abdominalia, Bibr. in Bory, Expéd. Morée, iii. pl. 15. £. 4, 5. Molge teniata, Gravenh. Delic. p.76, pl. 11 & pl12.f.1,2. ” Salamandra vulgaris, Gray, Griff. A. a ix. Syn. p. 106, Triton vulgaris, Flem. Brit, Anim. p. 158. lobatus (Otth), Tschudi, Batr. p.95; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 557, pl. 4, :
3. MOLGE. 15 Triton punctatus, Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Jenyns, Brit. Vert. p. 304; Sélys, Faun. Belg. p. 182, pl. 5. f.2; Dugés, Ann. Se. Nat. (3) xvil. p. 269; Dum. §& Bibr. p. 141.
— exiguus, Bonap. 1. c.
Lissotriton punctatus, Bell, Brit, Rept. p. 182, and 2nd edit. p. 143. —— palmipes, Bell, i. c. p. 139.
Pyronicia punctata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 187. Triton teniatus, Leydig, Arch. f. Naturg. 1868, p. 212; Strauch, Salam. p. 49; Schreib. Herp, Eur, p. 24.
Fronto-squamosal arch ligamentous ; frontals with distinct orbital processes. Palatine teeth in two series, parallel, and in contact in their anterior half, diverging behind, thus forming a A-shaped figure ; these series commencing on a line with the choane. Tongue small, elliptical, free along the sides. Head longer than broad, its length contained about thrice in the length of the body, the greatest width at posterior corners of eyes; three distinct longitudinal grooves on the head; snout rather elongate, rounded or subconical and truncate ; labial lobes well developed during the breeding-season, most so in the female. Body rounded; breeding male with an elevated, festooned dorsal crest, commencing on the occiput and not interrupted on the pelvic region; female with a dorsal ridge, or very low, straight-edged crest confluent with the caudal. Limbs moderate ; fingers and toes depressed, shorter in the female; during the breeding-season the toes of the male lobate; two small carpal and tarsal tubercles, less distinct in the male. Tail a little longer than head and body, strongly compressed during the breeding-season, ending ‘in a point, with an upper and lower crest; in the male, the latter festooned like the dorsal crest. Skin smooth, or nearly so; head with distinct series of pores; gular fold absent, or very feebly marked. Upper parts brown or olive, with darker spots; these are large and rounded in the male, small and sometimes confluent into a lateral band in the female and young; head with five longitudinal dark streaks, most distinct in the male; lower surfaces yellowish, with a median orange or reddish zone, and large round black spots in the male or small black dots in the female, the latter frequently confluent into a line along each side of the belly ; lower edge of the tail uniform orange in the female, red bordered above with blue and interrupted by vertical black spots in the male. & g.
« Total length ............ 83 83 millim.
From snout to cloaca .... 40 40 ,, OAM! eo: 3 soci caedete steaks 94 Do ss Width of head.......... 7 Tos Fore limb...........00. 143 4 =sC«s Hind limb ............ 16 13. Cy, Tall cea caeaet eas 43 43, Europe, with exception of S. France, Spain, and Portugal; Temperate Asia.
16 SALAMANDRIDZ.
a,b. SQ. Scotland. Dr. Johnson [P.]. e,d-g,h-n. 3, 2, & yg. Near London. v, Several larvae. Cobham.
p-s,t-v. SQ. Wandsworth. Dy. Leach [P.]. w-z. 3. Bridgewater.
a-5. Yg. Falmouth.
«, 6. 3 & yg. Sweden. OB 7 Thuden, Esq. t-x, A. Several spec. d 9. Hamburg. Ni ped. Near Sarpsbourg. -— Lowndes, Esq. [P.]. v-&. 3 QD. Lombardy. Milan Museum [E.]. wu ds China. A. Adams, Esq. [C.]. n-o. Skeletons. —?
Var. meridionalis.
Salamandra exigua, Rusconi, Amours des Salam. p. 28, pl. 1. Triton palmatus, Bonap. Faun. Ital. ———lobatus,Bonap.1.c.
—— punctatus, De Betta, Mem. Ist. Venet. xi. p. 546, pl. 25. —— teniatus, De Betta, Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 89. —— teniatus, var., Schreib. Herp. Eur, p. 25. —— paradoxus (non Razoum.), Bedriaga, Bull, Mose. 1881, p. 287. Smaller; the body of the male subquadrangular; dorsal crest lower; tail generally ending in a filament; spots smaller. Its physiognomy is similar to that of WM. palmata. North Italy and neighbouring parts of Austria; Greece. t$. dO. Turin. Prof, Bonelli [P.]. x-aa. S. Gérz. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. [P.]. 7. Molge palmata.
Lophinus palmatus, Gray, Cat. p. 28. Lacerta paradoxa seu helvetica, Razoum. Hist, Nat. Jorat. i. p. 8, 1.2.£.5.
Gelarnnedes palmata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p.72. —— palmipes, Latr. Hist. Salam. p. 55, pl. 6. £.7; Daud. Rept. viii. p. 253, pl. 98. f. 2.
Molge palmata, Merr. Tent. p. 186, Triton palmatus, Tschudi, B tr. p.95; Sélys, Faun. Belg. p. 182, pl. 5. £1; Dugés, Ann. Se, Nat. (8) xvii. p. 270; Dum. & Bibr. Pp. ce Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 570, pl. 4; Lataste, Herp. Gir. Labeotrton palmipes, Bell, Brit. Rept, 2nd edit. p. 154. Triton helveticus, Leydig, coin h Naturg. 1868, p. 220; Strauch, Salam. p. 50; Schrewb. Herp. Eur. p. 31; Briiggemann, Arch. f. Ag 1876, ‘p. 19; Tourneville, Bull Soc. Zool. France, 1879, p.74.
Fronto-squamosal arch bony. Vomerine teeth in two posteriorly diverging series, forming a A- or A-shaped figure; these series commencing on a line with the choane. Tongue as in M. vulgaris. Head as in the latter species, but the snout broader ; length of head contained about twice and two thirds in the male, thrice in the etn
3. MOLGE. 17 female, in the length of the body. Body quadrangular in the breeding male, a more or less developed cutaneous fold bordering each side ; a low, entire, vertebral creat ; in the female, the body is nearly round, with a low vertebral ridge, as in M. vulgaris. Timbs moderate; fingers and toes depressed, the latter fully webbed in the breeding male; two small carpal and tarsal tubercles. Tail a little longer than head and body, strongly compressed during the breedingseason, and with an upper and lower crest; the male’s tail truncate and ending in a filament; this filament scarcely distinct in the female. Skin smooth, or nearly so; head with distinct series of pores; gular fold generally distinct. Upper parts brown or olive, with small darker spots; head with longitudinal dark streaks, the outer (those passing through the eyes) being constant; in the male, the head is minutely speckled with dark brown, and the dorsal and upper caudal crest and feet are blackish ; lower surfaces not coloured, except the median zone of the belly, which is orange; a few small blackish dots are generally scattered on the belly; inferior caudal erest immaculate, orange in the female, bluish grey in the male; a series of spots, sometimes confluent, along the upper and lower border of the tail. , 3. g Total length............ 72 76 millim.
From snout to cloaca .... 32 37s, Head ........... dative 2 9 «8 Width of head.......... ves Bos Fore limb.............. 15 133 ,, Hind limb ............ 15 13 —~«« Pad va en's voters china emitters 40 39 Cs, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, West Germany, North Spain.
a 9. Scotland. Dr. Johnson [P.].
b-c. SQ. Nottingham. W. Higginbottom, Esq. [P.]. d. Several spec., 6 @. Near Hereford. W.H. Holdsworth, Esq. [P.]. e. Several spec. ¢ 9. Bridgewater. Mr. Baker [P.]. fu. d. Bridgewater.
kd. Falmouth. — Cocks, Esq. [P.].
-o. 3 9. Near Brussels. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. [P.]. 8. Molge montandonii.
Triton montandoni, Bouleng. Bull, Soc, Zool. France, 1880, pp. 37, 157, pl. 7.
Fronto-squamosal arch bony. Palatine teeth in two posteriorly diverging series, forming a A-shaped figure; these series commencing on a line with the choanew. Tongue moderate, oval, free along the sides. Head a little longer than broad, with three distinct longitudinal grooves, its length contained about thrice in the length of the body, the greatest width at posterior corners of eyes; snout rounded; labial lobes well developed during the breeding-season. oe -
18 SALAMANDRIDS.
Body quadrangular in the male, a well-developed cutaneous fold bordering each side; no dorsal crest; in the female, the body nearly round. Limbs moderate; fingers and toes depressed, free; carpal and tarsal tubercles distinct. Tail strongly compressed during the breeding-season, and with an upper and lower crest, as long as or a little shorter than head and body; in the male it ends in a filament. Skin smooth or rather warty above, smooth beneath; head with distinct series of pores ; a distinct gular fold. Olive or brownish above, variegated with darker; the vertebral line generally lighter in the female; in the male, the head is minutely speckled with blackish, and the feet are black; lower surfaces orange, immaculate ; lower caudal edge orange, with black vertical spots in the male, 3. Q.
Total length............ 76 85 millim.
From snout to cloaca .... 38 43, ead | eres anita Becenncaeans 9 10. a, Width of head.......... 8 8 Fore limb.............. 15 ih oe Hind limb ............ 15 16 CO««, Lhd Lapeer eee eee 38 42 ,, Moldavia.
a-c, d-f. $9. “Moldavia. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. [P.]. 9. Molge bosce.
Pelonectes boscai, Lataste, Rev. Intern. Se. iii. 1879, p. 275; Tourneville, Bull. Soc. Zool, France, 1879, p. 72, pl. 7. Triton palais, var. boscai, Boettger, Zeitschr. ges. Naturw. (8) iv. p.516.
—— maltzani, Boettger, 1. c. p. 521*.
Fronto-squamosal arch bony, thick. Palatine teeth in two posteriorly diverging series, forming a A-shaped figure; these’ series commencing on a line with the choanw. Tongue moderate, subcircular, free along the sides and more or less behind. Head a little longer than broad, with a single longitudinal groove, its length contained about thrice in the length of the body; the greatest width at anterior corners of eyes; latter prominent; snout broad, truncate; labial lobes much developed. Body subquadrangular in the breeding male, nearly round in the female; no dorsal crest. Limbs moderate; fingers and toes depressed, free; carpal and tarsal tubercles distinct. Tail strongly compressed during the breeding-season, with an upper and lower crest, as long as or a little longer than head and body; in the male the tail ends rather abruptly, and is shortly mucronate. Cloaca of male a longitudinal * Having, through the kindness of my friend Dr. O. Boettger, examined the type specimen (a young ¢) in the Senckenberg Museum, I am able to atate that that species is the same as M. bosee. The larger tongue is a character of immaturity, which I have frequently noticed in other Species of this genus.