3. MOLGE. 27 19. Molge waltlii.
Pleurodeles waltlii, Gray, Cat. p. 17.
Bradybates ventricosus, Gray, 1. c. p. 26.
Pleurodeles waltlii, Michah, Isis, 1880, p. 195; Tschudi, Batr. p. 91, pl. 2.f1; Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Dum. & Bibr. p. 72, pl. 103. f. 1; Strauch, Salam. p. 82; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 60; Leydig, Arch. f. Naturg. xlv. p. 211, pls. 14, 15; Bedriaga, Bull. Mosc. 1879, p. 179, and Zool. Anz. 1879, P: 94; Wiedersheim, Zool, Anz. 1879, p. 622; Lataste, Actes Soc. Linn. Bord. (4) iii. p. 113; Wiedersh. eee Zeitschr. Nat. xiv. p. 371; Fraisse, Inaug.-Dissert. Wiirzb. 880.
Salamandra major, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Syn. p. 106. Bradybates ventricosus, Tschudi, 1, c. p. 91, pl. 3 f. 1; Bonap. 1. ¢.; Dum. & Bibr. p. 75; Strauch, |. c. p. 33; Schreid. 1. c. p. 68. Salamandra pleurodeles, Schleg. Abdbild. p. 122, pl. 39. £. 2-3. Fronto-squamosal arch bony. Palatine teeth in two slightly curved series approximating in front, diverging behind; these series commencing in front of the line of the choane. Tongue rather small, subcircular, the lateral and posterior borders free. Head much depressed, as long as broad, its length contained three to four times in the length of the body, the greatest width at temporal regions ; snout shért, rounded; labial lobes well developed. Body rounded; no dorsal crest. Limbs moderate, of males stronger and furnished on their inner side, during the breeding-season, with rugose plates; fingers and toes much depressed, free; two small, more or less distinct, carpal and tarsal tubercles. Tail strongly compressed, keeled above and beneath, longer than head and body. Ribs very long, ending in a sharp point, which frequently perforates the skin. Latter strongly tuberculate; a strong gular fold. Vent a longitudinal slit, the borders scarcely swollen. Olive-brown above, yellowish beneath, with blackish markings; lower edge of tail yellowish or orange.
é- g.
Total length .......... 224 182 millim.
From snout to cloaca .... 93 87g, Head «ee jace oxag ee ane an 19 20 =, Width of head.......... _ 20 20 «4, Fore limb ............ 33 26. CO««, Hind limb ............ 37 30, Dall ove ia giew cewek eas ges 131 95, Spain and Portugal ; Tangiers.
a-b. 9 & yg. Madrid. Lord Lilford [P.].
o-g. 5,2,& yg. S. Spain. Brussels Museum [E. ]. h-i, Her. Spain. Lord. Lilford [P.].
k. Skeleton. Spain.
Ln. Her. angiers.
n oo. N. Africa ?
28 SALAMANDRIDZE.
4, SALAMANDRINA.
Salamandrina, Fitzing. Neue Classif. Rept. p. 41; Tschudi, Batr. p- 93; Dum. § Bibr. ix. p. 68; Strauch, Salam. p. 53. Seiranota, Barnes, Amer. Journ. xi. p. 268; Gray, Cat. p. 29. Tongue large, subtriangular, free everywhere except on the anterior half of the median line. Palatine teeth in two series, parallel anteriorly, diverging behind. A strong, bony, fronto-squamosal arch. Toes four. Tail slightly compressed.
Italy.
1. Salamandrina perspicillata.
Seiranota perspicillata, Gray, Cat. p. 29.
Salamandra tridactyla, Daud. Rept. viii. p. 261. Molge tridactylus, Merr. Tent. p. 188.
Salamandra perspicillata, Savz, Mem. 1820.
Salamandrina perspicillata, Fitzing. Neue Class, Rept. p. 66; Gravenh. Delic. p. 88; Tschudi, Batr. p. 93; Dum. & Bibr. p. 69, pl. 94.f.2; De Betta, Mem. Ist. Venet. xi. p. 528; Lessona, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, i 254; Strauch, Salam. p.53 ; De Betta, Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 80; Schrevb. Herp. Eur. p. 69; Wiedersh. An. Mus. Gen, vii. p. 5, pls. 1-11.
Seiranota condylura, Barnes, Am. Journ. xi. p. 268. —— perspicillata, Bonap. Faun, Ital.
Palatine series forming a A, commencing on a line with the choane. Head very distinct from neck, longer than broad, greatest width at posterior corners of eyes; snout short, rounded ; canthus rostralis angular ; loreal region vertical; eyes large, prominent; no labial lobes. Body subquadrangular, thrice or thrice and a half the length of the head; the vertebra and ribs very distinct through the skin; no dorsal crest. Limbs weak; fingers and toes short, depressed ; carpal and tarsal tubercles distinct. Tail much longer than head and body, slightly compressed, keeled above and beneath. Cloaca as in Salamandra. Skin closely tuberculate above and beneath; no parotoids; no gular fold. Upper surfaces black; a transverse yellow marking, triangular or chevron-shaped, the point directed backwards, between the eyes; throat black; chin white ; belly white, generally with irregular black spots. Anal region and lower half of tail carmine. :
é. Q.
Total length ......... . 79 100 millim.
From snout to cloaca .... 31 40 ,, Head: saws was siianie cw 8 BF 5 Width of head ........ 6 (ar Fore mb: sacdies wens 10 i Hind limb ............ ll 12. —(C,, Be hes gels btoly gen ana ' 48 60
5. TYLOTOTRITON. 29 a. Several spec, 62. Lucca J. Bowring, Esq. [P.]. b-e. 2. Liguria, Milan Museum [E.].
d-g. Bad state. Italy. Prof. Savi.
ht. 9. Dalmatia (?) Hr. Jeitteles [P.].
5. TYLOTOTRITON.
Tylototriton, Anderson, Proe. Zool, Soc. 1871, p. 428, and West. Yunnan Exped., Zool. Res, p. 848.
Tongue small, subcircular, free on the sides and slightly behind. Palatine teeth in two oblique series, meeting in front. A thick, bony fronto-squamosal arch; maxillary reaching quadrate ; pterygoid applied to the maxillary. Toes five. Tail compressed. Yunnan ; Himalayas.
1. Tylototriton verrucosus.
Tylototriton verrucosus, Anders, Ul. ec., Yunn. pl. 76. f. 6 and pl. 77. Palatine series forming a A, commencing on a line with, or a little in front of, the choane. Head broader than long, surrounded by a prominent osseous porousridge; a short similar ridge along the parietals; snoutgshort, broad ; eyes moderate; nolabiallobes. Body thrice to thrice aud a half the length of the head; no dorsal crest ; a broad, prominent, porous vertebral ridge, produced by the great development and transverse dilatation of the spinous processes of the dorsal vertebre ; a series of sixteen knob-like porous glands along the side, the last three being behind the leg when it is extended at right angles to the body. Limbs moderate; fingers and toes free, depressed. ‘ail as long as or a little longer than head and body, strongly compressed, with an upper and lower crest, ending in a point. Anal opening a longitudinal slit, the borders not much swollen. Skin tubercular; parotoids large, very distinct; a strong gular fold. Uniform blackish brown, paler on the lips, snout, chin, throat, and under surface of the limbs ; lower edge of tail orangeyellow.
3. 9.
Total length .......... 146 148 millim.
From snout to cloaca.... 66 72s, Head: sects ca neice acer ac 16 16a, Width of head ........ 18 18 5, Fore limb ...........- 27 26C««, Hind limb ............ 28 27.) Cy, Dall says sa ceais wits ae sees hs ed 80 76 (Cy Mountains of Yunnan; Eastern Himalayas.
a. 9. Nantin valley, W. Yunnan. Dr, Anderson [P.]. b,c. 2. Yunnan, 4500 feet.
d-g. 3,9,& yg. Darjeeling. Wey Blanford, Esq.
30 SALAMANDRIDZE.
6. PACHYTRITON.
Pachytriton, Boulenger, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1878, p. 72. Tongue large, covering the floor of the mouth, adherent, its anterior border slightly free. Palatine teeth in two oblique series, meeting in front. Fronto-squamosal arch present, ligamentous posteriorly ; pterygoid united suturally with maxillary. Toes five. Tail cylindrical at the base, compressed at the end. China.
1. Pachytriton brevipes. (Pxarz I.)
Triton brevipes, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. p. 116. Pachytriton brevipes, Bouleng. 1. c.
Skull narrow anteriorly ; nasals widely separated. by nasal processes of premaxillaries ; frontals with much-developed orbital processes directed towards, but not reaching, the squamosals; exoccipitals large; the pterygoids and maxillaries so united as to seem to form a single bone. Palatine teeth forming a A, the summit on a line with the choane. Head depressed, fish-like; mouth not deeply cleft, with much-developed labial lobes; eye small; upper eyelid little developed ; snout rounded; head a little longer than broad, the greatest width at temporal regions. Body rather depressed, about four times the length of the head; no dorsal crest. Limbs short, clumsy ; fingers and toes very short and obtuse, depressed, free ; no carpal or tarsal tubercles. Tail as long as head and body, cylindrical in its anterior third, then becoming strongly compressed and furnished with a low crest; its end rounded. Vent-opening longitudinal, its borders not swollen, with long cilia in the breeding male. Skin quite smooth; parotoid region thickened, not porous ; a distinct gular fold. Olive-brown above, punctate all over with blackish ; tips of fingers and toes and lower surfaces yellowish, the latter regions punctate with blackish.
Total length...............05. 187 millim.
From snout to cloaca .......... 92 ~«C«, Odd") spices sis wuiteutens daa eesislwas a's 20 =, Width of head................ 18, Fore limb.............. 0.000 23. ~(C(«,, Hind limb gasses es ewes 25 =O, ALL. 4 spigle-Smivcgs tee rites. SARE a 95 South Kiansi.
a, &. 8. Kiansi. Paris Museum [E. }.
7. HYNOBIUS. 31 Subfam. B. AMBLYSTOMATINA.
Molgide, Plethodontide, part., Gray, Cat. Batr. Grad. oe Ellipsoglosside, Hallow. Journ. Ac. Philad, (2) iii. 858.
Amblystominz, Hynobiinez, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859. Amblystomidw, Hynobiide, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) vi. 1866. Salamandrida lechriodonta, part., Strauch, Rev. d. Salam., in Mém. Ae. St. Pétersb. (7) xvi. no. 4.
Synopsis of the Genera.
I. Series of palatine teeth converging backwards, forming a “shaped figure.
Voes five 2. ciaccsacnreeeeneneeees 7. Hynobius, p. 31. Toes MOUG eave sc s4yeeryan pura vengs 8. Salamandrella, p. 34. II. Series of palatine teeth uninterrupted, doubly arched, forming a “V-shaped figure.
Fingers and toes with black claws .... 9. Onychodactylus, p. 35. III. Series of palatine teeth in two arches convex forwards, separated by a wide interspace.
Palatine series short, between the choane ; toes five. 10. Ranidens, p. 36.
Palatine series short, between the choane ; toes four. ; 11. Batrachyperus, p. 37.
Palatine series long, converging backwards. 12. Dicamptodon, p. 38.
IV. Series of palatine teeth in a nearly straight line or an angle, not separated in the middle by a wide interspace. Tongue with radiating plice........ 13. Amblystoma, p. 38. , 7. HYNOBIUS.
Pseudosalamandra, Tschudi, Batr. p. 91. Hynobius, Tschudi, 1. c. p. 94; Gray, Cat. p. 30. Molge, Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Gray, lc. p. 31. Ellipsoglossa, Dum. § Bibr. ix. p. 97; Strauch, Salam. p. 54. Tongue large, elliptical, lateral borders free, anterior border slightly free. Palatine teeth in two long series, converging backwards, meeting in an acute angle, with two short recurved branches in front, thus forming a ‘Y’-shaped figure. Toes five. Tail cylindrical at the base, compressed at the end. Japan.
Synopsis of the Species.
Fifth toe well developed ; body elongate, more than four times the length of the head; tail feebly compressed ............0055 1, neevius, p. 32.
32 SALAMANDRID &.
Fifth toe well developed; body shorter, not four times the length of the head; tail strongly compressed .......... eee vee 2. nebulosus, p. 32. Fifth toe rudimentary ...... 2... cee 3. peropus, p. 33. 1, Hynobius nevius.
Molge striata, Gray, Cat. p. 31.
Salamandyra nevia, Schleg. Faun. Japon., Amph. p. 122, pl. 4. f. 4-6, pl. 5. £.9-10, and Abbild. pl. 39. f. 4. Pseudosalamandra nevia, Tschudi, Batr. p. 92. Molge striata, Bonap. Faun. Ital, Ellipsoclossa nevia, Dum, § Bibr. p. 99, pl. 101.f.5; Strauch, Salam. p.55, The length of the palatine series, from anterior border to posterior angle, equals two thieds or three fourths the width of the tongue. Head depressed, longer than broad; snout short, rounded ; eyes large, prominent; no labial lobes. Body cylindrical, slightly depressed, about four and a half times the length of the head, Limbs moderate, the adpressed limbs not meeting; fingers and toes short, depressed, free ; fifth toe well developed, half the length of fourth ; carpal and tarsal tubercles indistinct. Tail shorter than head and body, thick, the end rounded. Vent a longitudinal slit; in the male with a small papilla and a short transverse slit anteriorly; the borders not swollen. Skin smooth, shining ; ‘sides with thirteen very distinct vertical or costal grooves, more or less distinct across the belly ; parotoids large, flat, behind the angle of the jaws ; a rectilinear groove from the eye to the gular fold ; latter strongly marked ; back with a longitudinal groove. Blackish grey, lighter beneath ; sides variegated with light grey. : 3. g.
Total length.......... 181 122 millim. From snout to cloaca .. 78 TAs 5% PLOAG:. 5. sins iinrd’s @sdaorety 14 14.sC« Width of head........ 12 2 ae, Fore limb............ 18 18 Cy, Hind limb .......... 22 22 Dea, 3 e6 seiacerasioss San kome 53 43 COC, Japan.
a-d. 3 9. Japan. . Leyden Museum.
2, Hynobius nebulosus.
Hynobius nebulosus, Gray, Cat. p. 30. Salamandra nebulosa, Schleg. Faun. Japon. Amph. p. 127, ph 4. f. 7-9, and Abbild. pl. 40. f. 7-10. a eles nebulosus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 94. Ellipsoglossa nebulosa, Dum. § Bibr. p. 100; Strauch, Salam. p. 55.
7. HYNOBIUS, 38 Differs from ‘the preceding in the following characters :—Eyes smaller; body much shorter, only about thrice and a half the length of the head; tail strongly compressed and keeled in the posterior two thirds, ending in a point. Reddish brown, speckled or variegated with dark brown above, with greyish beneath; tail blackish, upper and lower keels yellow. é. g.
Total length............ 99 102 millim, From snout to cloaca .... 56 55, Had! ye ead ous eee eres 12 12 45 Width of head .......... 10 10. C=» Fore limb............-. 15 13 —C«« Hind limb ............ 17 16. SC, Wai 22s Settee aeecenacaer ace 43 ay oy Japan.
a-b. g. Japan. Leyden Museum.
e. 9, Japan. A. Adams, Esq. [C.]. d, Young. Nikko, C. Japan. C. Maries (Ct 8. Hynobius peropus. (Pats II. fig. 1.) The length of the palatine series, from anterior border to posterior angle, equals half the width of the tongue. Head depressed, longer than broad; snout short, rounded; eyes rather large, prominent; no labial lobes. Body cylindrical, slightly depressed, nearly four times the length of the head; the distance from snout to gular fold, three times in the distance from latter to cloaca. Limbs moderate, not meeting when adpressed ; fingers and toes more elongate than in the preceding species; fifth toe rudimentary, tubercle-like; carpal and tarsal tubercles indistinct. Tail shorter than head and body, strongly compressed and keeled in its posterior half, ending in a point. Vent (of male) three slits meeting in front, the median longitudinal and longest, the two others obliquely directed forwards, forming an angle; the borders not swollen. Skin smooth; thirteen costal grooves; a median dorsal groove; parotoids indistinct; gular fold distinct ; no fold from eye to'gular fold. Reddish brown above, speckled and minutely marbled with dark brown; tail dark brown, with lichen-like grey variegation ; yellowish brown beneath ; belly speckled with lighter. Total length................ 109 millim. From snout to cloaca ........ 59g, Head) 35 ieetie ces aeons 12 ~=«, Width of head.............. 9 , Fore limb.............. ‘ 15 iy, Hind limb ................ 17 4 Ta). ceatescn a eicnkcee hae en 50° ,, ad. China or Japan, A, Adams, Esq. [C.]. D
34 SALAMANDRIDE, . 8, SALAMANDRELLA.
Salamandrella, Dybowsky, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1870, p. 237 Isodactylium, Strauch, Salam. p. 55.
Tongue large, elliptical, lateral borders free, anterior borde slightly free. Palatine teeth in two series converging backwards meeting in an acute angle, with two short recurved branches in front thus forming a “f-shaped figure. Toes four. Tail compressed. Eastern Siberia.
1. Salamandrella keyserlingii.
Salamandrella keyserlingii, Dybowsky, J. c. pl. 7. Tsodactylium schrenckii, Strauch, 1. c. p. 56, pl. 2. £1. Median branches of palatine teeth slightly curved, with the eon vexity outwards; recurved branches directed backwards. Hea moderately depressed, longer than broad; snout rounded; eye rather large, prominent ; no labial lobes. Body slightly depressed thrice and two thirds to four times and a third the length of the head Limbs rather short, not meeting when adpressed against the body fingers and toes rather short, depressed, free; carpal and tarsa tubercles indistinct. Tail as long as, or shorter than the head am body, strongly compressed, keeled, the end rounded. Cloaca : longitudinal slit with swollen borders, subspherical. Skin smooth twelve or thirteen costal grooves, extending across the belly ; median dorsal groove ; parotoids large, flat, behind the angle of th jaws; a groove from the eye to the gular fold, which is strongh marked. Brown, lighter beneath ; median zones of body immaculate bordered by an undulous blackish line; a blackish vertebral line sides with small dark spots.
3. Qo.
Total length............ 95 126 millim.
From snout to cloaca .... 52 63 - Gad) chemise ee eeentet 11 12 ‘ Width of head.......... 9 92 Cw, Fore limb.............. 13 16 CO, Hind limb ............ 15 18 i MBM osicasecaty det sorrane wale oe) AO 63 “3 Ussuri and Schilka Rivers ; Lake Baikal.
aod. River Schilka. St. Petersburg Museu E.}.
6 Several spec.: 5,9, Lake Baikal. arsaw Museum [E. ] & yg. : .
c-d. 9. Lake Baikal. Godeffroy Museum.
2. Salamandrella wosnessenskyi.
Isodactylium wosnessenskyi, Strauch, 1. ¢, p. 58, pl. 2. f. 2. Very closely allied to the preceding, from which it differs i