66 ORIENTAL CICADID.E.
divergent, and narrowing to apex, which is obtuse, and reaches the fourth abdominal segment. Anterior femora armed with three spines; two moderately large and ochraceous, apical one small and black. Posterior tibiae with three black spmes on inner side near apex, and two smaller and wider apart on outer margin.
Long. excl. tegm. <? , 33 millim. Exp. tegm. 85 millim.
Hab.— Continental India : Sikkim (Calc. Mus. & coll. Dist.) ; Assam, North Khasi Hills, 1500 to 3000 ft. (Chennell*— coll. Dist.).
cc. Tegmina with the transverse veins at the bases of the second and third apical areas infuscated. 2i. Cosmopsaltria durga.f (Tab. IV., fig. 6, a, b.)
Cosmopsaltria dun/a, Distant, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 637; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 226, n. 56 (1885). ^ . Head, pronotum, and mesonotum dull ochraceous. Head with the following black markings : — an irregular spot on front ; a large central fascia on vertex, reaching from anterior to posterior margins, produced on each side in front, and enclosing ocelli ; a curved fascia a little before inner margin of eyes, and a subtriangular spot on apex of lateral margin. Pronotum with the anterior margin (narrow), a central longitudinal fascia, bordered with black on each side, and a biangulated fascia on each lateral margm, pale ochraceous ; two narrow oblique fasciae on each side, a narrow longitudinal fascia on each side of disk, inner posterior, and inner and outer lateral margins, black. Mesonotum with a clavate central longitudinal fascia, bounded on each side by a shorter, broader, and much angulated one, followed by an elongated spot, and by a sublateral broad fascia, broken near anterior margin, two rounded spots near base, and two smaller ones on anterior branches of cruciform elevation at base. Abdomen pale castaneous, disk piceous, gradually widening from base to apes, where it is wholly black. Under side body ochraceous and unspotted ; a black spot on inner margin of eyes, anterior tibis and tarsi, apices of intermediate tibiie and tarsi, and apex of rostrum, piceous. Opercula pale greenish. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas, infuscated. Face broadly sulcated in centre, and transversely striated (many of the strise black) ; rostrum passing posterior coxa;, and reaching inner angles of opercula. Opercula reaching the third abdominal segment, their outer margins subparallel with lateral abdominal margins, hij^ped and widest (but not meeting) near bases of posterior femora, from thence diverging and gradually narrowing to apex, which is ol)tusely angulated. Anterior femora with two long and prominent teeth, and a shorter one near apex. Posterior tibiae with three inner and two outer long marginal spines. Abdomen broad, apex obtuse. Long. excl. tegm. ^ , 33 millim. Exp. tegm. 98 millim.
Hab.— Continental India : Assam, North Khasi Hills, 1500 to 3000 ft. (Chennell— coll. Dist.) ; Naga Hills (Calc. Mus.).
25. Cosmopsaltria opalifera. (Tab. V., fig. 2, a, b.)
DumluUa opaUfera, Walker, List Horn. i. p. 56, n. 16 (1850).
Head and thorax above olivaceous ; head with the lateral striations to and a spot near base of front, the area of the ocelli, and a large irregular lateral fascia in front of eyes, black ; pronotum with two central black fasciae in somewhat hourglass-shape, the furrows, a spot near each lateral angle of posterior margin, and the extreme lateral margin, black ; mesonotum with five large black fasciate spots, of which two are obconical with their bases on the anterior margin, one large central and subtriangular, J-ol^^'^'^'^^^°"^1'''°t^6y^S'i18'^8,probablyliroiighthomethefinestcollectionofinsects—principallyColeoptera andRhynchota—whichhadtillthenbeenmadeontheNorth-EasternFrontierofIndia.Thiscollectionhadbeenmadeby himself,andchieflyontheNorthKhasi,theEasternGaro,andtheNagaHills.IdescribedandenumeratedtheHeteroptera It°Au'^^^*"'^^^'■^^'"^'^'^^y<^^^ColeopterawereexaminedbyMr.Bates,andfomidahomeinhisrichcollection. Mr.Chennell,shortlyafterhisreturntoIndia,metwithanaccident,whichultimatelycausedhisdeath;buthesliouldbe always remembered as an enthusiastic and assiduous collector in Entomology.
,„.,,.+^^''™'*>^'^®two-foldfemalenatureofSiva—(BhairviDurga)—amalignantbeingdelightinginblood.—(Monier Wilhams).
ORIENTAL CICADIDJE. 57 and one somewhat broken occupying; each lateral area; abdomen above blackish,* the tympanal coverings ochraceous. Head beneath, sternum, legs, and opercula ochraceous ; apices of anterior femora, the apices of the tibife and tarsi, the transverse striations and longitudinal sulcation to face, and the margins of the opercula black ; abdomen beneath castaneous, the apex pitchy.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation brownish ; tegmina with the costal membrane brownish-ochraceous, the transverse veins at the bases of the second and third apical areas infuscated. The opercula are short, narrowed and angulated at apices, and reach the third abdominal segment. Long. excl. tegm. S , 30 millim. Exp. tegm. 82 millim.
Hab. — CoREA (Belchert — Brit. Mus.). Japan (Fryer — coll. Dist.); Yokohama (Bruss. Mas.) ; Tokio (Lewis — coll. Dist.) ; Southern Isld. (Leech — coll. Dist.).
This appears to be a somewhat abundant species in Japan ; each of the collections made by Messrs. Lewis, Prj^er, and Leech contained it, and in fair series.
26. Cosmopsaltria microdon. (Tab. IV., fig. IG, a, h.)
Dumluhiii microdon, Walker, List Horn. i. p. 55, n. 15 (1850); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 224, u. 40 (1885). Closely allied to C. opalifera, Walk., but larger; the opercula are much longer, and extend to the penultimate segment of the abdomen ; they are also less concavely sinuate and more gradually narrowed towards apex. The body is relatively much more robust.
Long. excl. tegm. 3' , 30 millim. Exp. tegm. 90 millim.
Hab. — Continental India: "North India," sic (Wallich — Brit. Mus.) ; Sikkim (coll. Dist.). 27. Cosmopsaltria nicomache. (Tab. IV., fig. 12, a, b.)
Dunditbia )irv>w((c/«, Walker, List Horn. i. p. G7, n.30 (1850); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 224, n.44 (1885). Cicadadelineata,Walk.Ins.Saund.,Horn.p.17(1858).
As a female is here figm'ed, Walker's description of that sex is also given as follows : — " Black, testaceous beneath. Head testaceous about the eyes, and with two irregular testaceous stripes. Front testaceous, with transverse black streaks. Frothorax with six various black stripes ; sutures partly black ; margin testaceous, with three black spots on each side. Mesothorax with six irregular testaceous stripes, and with a testaceous spot and a testaceous dot on each side in fi-ont between the intermediate and exterior pair of stripes. Abdomen with a testaceous band on the hind border of each segment ; under side mostly testaceous. Legs testaceous ; femora and tibiae with black stripes. TVings vitreous; veins black, testaceous towards the base; first transverse vein upright, slightly curved, parted by more than thrice its length from the second, which is slightly oblique; third and fourth oblique." S . Male with the opercula ochraceous, broad and long, their outer margins parallel with the lateral margins of the abdomen, their inner margins straight, parallel and contiguous for a short distance, and then griidually and convexly oblique to apices, which are broad, rounded, and extend to the upper margin of the penultimate segment of the abdomen.
Long. excl. tegm. S , 25 millim. Exp. tegm. 78 to 80 millim.
Hab. — Continental India : North India, sic (Warwick — Brit. Mus.) ; Sikkim (Calc. Mua. & coll. Dist.); Upper Assam, Margherita (Doherty — coll. Dist.) ; Naga Hills (coll. Dist.). This ajipcars to be a somewhat abundant species in the hilly region to which it is apparently confined.
*Bysomemischancetliefigiiroinprinting;hasfailedtomaintainitsdarkcoloration. tThisinsectwasevidentlydiscoveredandcapturedduringthesurveyingvoyageofII.M.S.'Somorang,'commandedby Capt.SirKdwd.Belcher,-nithDr.A.Adamsonhoai-dasNaturalist.
58 ORIENTAL CICADIDM.
28. Cosmopsaltria minahassse.* (Tab. VI., fig. 17, a, h.)
Cosmopsaltriaminaliassm.Distant,Ann.&Mag.Nat.Hist.ser.6,vol.i.p.294(1888). Dunduhia donjca, Walk, (nee Boisd.), List Horn. i. p. 47 (1850).
^ . Body above pale obscure olivaceous, more or less covered with pale ochraceous pile. Head with the front anteriorly striated and with two apical, black, central spots ; vertex with some scattered black spots, the ocelli reddish. Pronotum with a central, longitudinal, ochraceous fascia, bordered with black and with an irregularly rounded black linear spot near each lateral margin. Mesonotum with seven black spots, three central and two near each lateral margin, and a black spot in front of anterior angles of cruciform elevation. Tympana with grey pilosity ; abdomen above also much shaded with greyish pile. Body beneath greyish, with an olivaceous tinge; apical portion of the face black ; apices of the femora and tibiae and the tarsi dark fuscous ; apical abdominal segment infuscated, anal appendage with a central fuscous fascia.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, venation brownish, ochraceous at the base of upper ulnar area, and the transverse veins at the bases of the second and third apical areas broadly infuscated. The opercula are pale olivaceous, somewhat gradually narrowing towards apices, which are obtusely angulated and reaching the apex of the fourth abdominal segment; rostrum reaching the second abdominal segment,itsapexfuscous.
Long. excl. tegm. 35 millim. Exp. tegm. 100 millim.
Hab.— Malayan Archipelago : Celebes, Menado (coll. Dist.) ; Ceram (Brit. Mus.). A specimen of this species from Ceram was identified by Mr. Walker as Dunduhia donjca, Boisd., and tlms catalogued by him.
aaaa. Operculashort.
29. Cosmopsaltria sita. (Tab. IV., fig. 5, a, b.)
Cosmopsidtna sita, Distant, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 636 ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 226, n. 55 (1885). ,? . Head : front with a central fascia furcate anteriorly, and an oblique spot on each side at the base ; vertex with a large triangular spot enclosing ocelli, and an irregular longitudinal fascia near inner margin of eyes, black. Pronotum with two central longitudinal fascife joined and rounded near posterior margin, widened and angulated near anterior margin ; on each side of these is a small discal waved line, and two oblique fascife near lateral margins (the outer one submarginal and rounded), black. Mesonotum with a central longitudinal fascia ; on each side of this a clavate, smaller and suboblique fascia, followed by two linear spots on anterior margin, and a discal waved irregular fascia on each side. Abdomen with the segments (excluding first) more or less piceous at base, and with a lateral segmental row of piceous spots. Body beneath ochraceous and unicolorous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline ; tegmina with the venation of basal half ochraceous, and apical half fuscous ; transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas broadly infuscated ; transverse veins at bases of first and second ulnar areas fuscous, ochraceous at junction. The head, including eyes, is considerably narrower than base of pronotum ; the face is only moderately convex, sulcated from beyond the middle, the sides distinctly striated (the face has also an oblong spot bordered with black at base, and the upper striations are also of that colour). The opercula reach the third abdominal segment; they are moderately truncate outwardly, widened and angulated inwardly (but not meeting) on first abdominal segment, and then diverging and narrowing to apex, which is obtuse and rounded; the inner margin is slightly convex. Rostrum reaching a little beyond posterior coxae. Anterior femora with two strong spines. Long. excl. tegm. 24 millim. Exp. tegm. 73 millim.
Hab. — Continental India: Bombay Province (coll. Dist.) ; Karwar (Calc. Mus. & coll. Dist.). ••="ThewordMinahassameansacountrythathasbeenformedbythebindingtogetherofanumberofterritoriesinto one.Theprincipalwordinitisderivedfrom'asa,'meaning'one';theverb'mahasa'signiiies'tojoinintoone,'whilst theprefix'ni'turnsthewordintoasubstantive."—S.J.Hickson,'ANatinaHstinNorthCelebes,'p.205.
ORIENTAL CICADIDM. 59 30. Cosmopsaltria diminuta. (Tab. XII., lig. 14, a, h.) Dmiduhiii diiiiiniiVi, Walker, List Uom. i. Y}. 74, n. 3G (1850| ; ibid. iv. tab. 1, f. 1 (1852). Head and thorax above dark ochraceous ; head much suffused with dark fuscous, eyes castaneoua ; pronotum with two central longitudinal black linear fasciae, on each side of which is a small black spot, and a black patch occupying each lateral area; mesonotum with two central obconical black spots on anterior margin, between which is a central black longitudinal line, a large spot occupying each lateral area, and a small spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation, black. Abdomen above ochraceous, much suffused with black on disk, the apex and some lateral marginal spots also black. Body beneath, opcrcula and legs ochraceous ; face with the lateral striations black. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, tlie venation fuscous ; tegmina with the transverse veins at the bases of the second and third apical areas infuscated, and in some specimens some faint and small fuscous marginal spots at apices of the longitudinal veins to the upper apical areas. Opercula small, their inner margins oblique, their apices broadly rounded and reaching the third abdominal segment.
Long. excl. tegm. <y , 19 to 20 miUim. Exp. tegm. 50 to 55 millim. Hab. — Continental India: Bombay Province, Karwar (Calc. Mus. & coll. Dist.). This is another species now locahsed for the lirst time, as Walker's type was without a habitat.
B.Headbroad,thefrontnotprominentlyproduced.
e.Operculabroad,moreorlessconstrictedoneachsidenearbase,theirapicesbroadlyrounded. f. Tegmina with the transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas infuscated. 31. Cosmopsaltria doryca. (Tab. VII., fig. 1, a, h.) Cicadu donjca, Boisduval, Voy. Astrol. ii. p. 609, 1, Hem. t. 10, f. 3 (1832). Cosmopsaltriadoryca,Stal,Berl.Eut.Zeit.x.p.170(18CG). Body above brownish-ochraceous ; head with the ocelli narrowly margined with black ; pronotum with two central longitudinal black linear fascia3, rounded and united posteriorly, the outer sutures also black ; mesonotum with five black fascije, consisting of one central straight and crossing disk, on each side of this a shorter curved fascia, and a longer slightly waved fascia on each lateral area, a black spot on apices of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation and a similarlj^ coloured spot on anterior margin between the two outer fascia; abdomen above with a central black spot at base, followed by a central linear spot on the following segment, and a black spot at base of each tympanal covermg, lateral margins more or less greyishly pilose. Body beneath ochraceous ; apices of the tibife, anterior and intermediate tarsi, apex of the rostrum, and the inner and apical margins of the opercula, black ; abdomen beneath brownish-ochraceous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation brownish-ochraceous; tegmina with the costal membrane ochraceous and the transverse veins at the bases of the second and third apical areas infuscated. The opercula are broad, concavely sinuate on each side near base, and then more or less convexly rounded to apices, which are 1)road and obtusely rounded, and extend to the anterior margin of the fifth abdominal segment.
Long. excl. tegm. J* , 35 millim. Exp. tegm. 105 millim. Hab. — Malayan Archipelago : New Guinea, Amberbaki (coll. Dist.) ; Mansinam and Awck Jobi (Bruijn* — Genoa Mus.) ; Dorey (Voy. de L'Astrolabe). ■:■■ " Nogociant I'l Tornate"—" En 1875-76, lo na-\-iro I'l vapeur do rEtat Soerabaja, coinmaiulo par le capitaine-lientcnant P. Swaan, fit un voyage trcs important ii la Nouvelle-Guinee. Cc navire avail a son boril lo nsiilent Je Tcruatc, A. J. LangevcldtvanHcmert,deuxprincesdeTidore,lecoUbrenaturalistcO.BeccarietM.Bniiju."—rriuceRolandBonaparte, 'LesderniersVoyagesdesNcerlandaisalaNouvelle-Giiinoe,'p.3(1885).
60 ORIENTAL CICADID.E.
This species is at present only recorded from the north-western coast of the island of New Guinea. Boisduval only figured the underside, and that by comparison will be found to be but moderately accurate.
ff.Tegminamoreorlessspotted.
32. Cosmopsaltria lata. (Tab. VII., fig. 4, a, h.)
Dunduhia lata, Walker, Joum. Linn. Soc, Zool. vol. x. p. 87, n. 14 (1867). The following is Walker's description : — " Male. Testaceous, broad. Head black between the ocelli, and with a transverse black mark on the face next the front. Prothorax with a narrow abbreviated black baud on the fore border, and with two black i)oints on the hind border of the scutellum. Mesothorax with five slender black stripes ; middle stripe fusiform towards the hind border ; inner pair widely interrupted, consisting of a clavate streak in front, and of a dot near the hind border ; outer pair widely interrupted, forming a point on the fore border and a posterior streak ; a little lanceolate black streak on the fore border between the inner pair of stripes and the outer pair. Abdomen piceous, tawny beneath. Ventral opercula white-bordered, full half the length of the abdomen, with two broad bands; first band brown; second blackish. Wings pellucid; transverse veins, from the first to the fourth, clouded with dark brown; vein along the apical hind part of the second discoidal areolet clouded with dark brown ; a fusiform dark brown spot on each of the seven marginal veins ; veins pale ochraeeous, with a few black marks."
Long. excl. tegm. S , 37 millim. Exp. tegm. 115 millim.
Hab. — Malayan Archipelago : Timor (Forbes — coll. Dist.) ; Bouru (Wallace — Brit. Mus.). 33. Cosmopsaltria capitata. (Tab. VII., fig. 6, a, h.)
Cosmopsaltria capitata, Distant, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa, ser. 2a, vol. vi. p. 523 (1888). J . Body above olivaceous-brown. Head with the anterior margins darker, the ocelli red. Pronotum with the anterior margin, two contiguous central longitudinal lines from which two oblique lines radiate from about centre on each side, an irregular spot, an oblique line on apical area, and the inner border of posterior margin castaneous ; the lateral angles of posterior margin ochraeeous. Mesonotum with three slender and obscure central fasciae forming two fused obconical spots. Abdomen above olivaceous-brown, the tympanal coverings ochraeeous. Body beneath paler, the face with the lateral striations castaneous, the anterior and intermediate tibiae and tarsi castaneous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation fuscous and ochraeeous ; tegmina with a black and ochraeeous costal spot at base of upper ulnar area, the transverse veins at bases of second, third, fifth and seventh apical areas infuscated, and a marginal row of fuscous s^jots situate on the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas.
The head is considerably produced in front of the eyes ; the rostrum just passes the posterior coxfe ; the opercula are short, broad, nearly meeting, slightly concave outwardly, and their apices are broad, somewhat obliquely convex, and about reaching the base of the fourth abdominal segment ; they are also paleobscureochraeeousandunicolorous.
Long. excl. tegm. 3' , 35 millim. Exp. tegm. 116 millim.
Hab. — Malayan Archipelago : Aru Islds. (Rosenberg — Leyden Mus.) ; Wokan (Beccari — Genoa Mus.) ; Salwatty Isld., Kulo-kaddi (D'Albertis — Genoa Mus.). New Guinea: Dorey (Beccari — Genoa Mus.). ee. Opercula constricted at base, hut very much broader at apex than at base. 34. Cosmopsaltria serva. (Tab. IX., fig. 3, h.)
Dunduhia serva. Walker, List Horn. i. p. 60, n. 20 (1850).
The headless type of this species is alone known to the writer ; it is here figured, and the original description of Walker is reproduced : —
ORIENTAL CICADIDJE. 61 " Head wanting; body brownish-tawny; fore-cheat broadest near the base of the fore-wings ; scutcheon adorned with two black stripes, furrows blackish; hind-scutcheon tawny, with a black hind border, widened, slightly angular and armed with a moderate sized tooth on each side ; scutcheon of the middlechest adorned with five black stripes ; the side pairs obliciue, the inner pair short, the outer pair much interrupted ; hind border tawny, very slightly excavated ; breast tawny ; abdomen obconical, much longer than the chest, tawny beneath ; opercula blackish ; drums tawny, very large, more than half the length of the abdomen, narrow at the base, slightly overlapping towards their tips ; legs tawny ; fore-shanks, feet, and tips of the other shanks darker ; tips of the claws black ; fore-thighs armed with three black teeth, of these two are long, and one is very small ; wings colourless ; vems black, tawny towards the base and alongtheforeborder."
" Length of the body 12 lines ; of the wings 36 lines."
Ilab.—CoREA (Belcher—Brit. Mus.).
35. Cosmopsaltria spathulata. (Tab. VI., fig. 3, a, h.)
C.(Cusmopsaltria)!<jn,thul,ii,i,Stal,Ofv.Yct.-Ak.F(irb.1870,p.709,u.1.
A typical specimen belonging to the Stockholm Museum is here figm-ed, and therefore Stal's original description is also given : — "Remote griseo-sericea, olivacea-flavescens, in ferrugineum leviter vergens, scutello dorsoque abdominis obscurioribus, limbo thoracis pallescente ; maculis capitis, vittis duabus mediis ad limbum posticum abbreviatis thoracis, vittis angustis tribus, lateralibus ante medium, media pone medium abbreviata, maculisque parvis duabus posterioribus scutelli nigris; tegminibus absque sordide vitreis, immaculatis, venis olivaceo-flavescentihus, pone medium fuscis."
" ^, 2 . Long. 26—28, lat. 9i— 10, exp. tegm. 78—80 mill."
Hab.— Philippine Isles (Semper— Stockh. Mus.).
As the species is here figured it is unnecessary to give Stfd's structtiral diagnosis, the principal features being carefully pourtrayed.
36. Cosmopsaltria operculissima. (Tab. V., fig. 5, a, b.)
Cosmopsaltriaoperculissima,Distant,Trans.Ent.See.1881,p.641.
S . Body above castaneous. Head with lateral margins of front, lateral margins of vertex, area of ocelli, and an irregular spot between ocelli and eyes, black. Pronotum with two central, longitudinal, slightly curved, black fascia>, concave externally, a small curved fascia on each side of disk, and the obbque strife also black. Mesonotum very dark castaneous, with two obconical spots on anterior margin, denoted by black margins, and with some very indistinct darker shadings on lateral sides of disk. Cruciform elevation at base pale castaneous. Abdomen somewhat darker on disk and near lateral margins. Body beneath much paler, and clothed with ochraceous pubescence ; face castaneous, with the centre black; opercula ochraceous, with a broad subapical fuscous band, both above and below. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline ; veins, costal membrane, basal area, and claval margin of tegmina, castaneous.
Abdomen very short, less than length from front of head to base of mesonotum; head broad, including eyes, equal to width of pronotum at base ; opercula very large, about reaching apex of abdomen, and abutting on each side of apical lateral margins ; they are narrow, and situated wide apart at base, narrowed and concave on each side about basal abdominal segment, and then broadly widened and convex on each side, particularly so inwardly, where they considerably overlap on disk of abdomen. Apices broad, and somewhat angularly rounded. Face with a broad central sulcation, and the sides strongly and transversely striated. Rostrum about reaching posterior coxte.
62 ORIENTAL CICADID.E.
Long. excl. tegm. <? , 24 millim. Exp. tegm. 78 millim.
Hal). — Malayan Archipelago : Bokneo : Sandakan (Pryer — coll. Dist.). The peciiliar structure of the opercula which allies this and the two preceding species, has in C. opcrciolissima reaching its maximum development. It is, however, more than probable that other allied species remain to be discovered.
eee. Opercula slightly constricted at base, narrowed towards apex.
37. Cosmopsaltria mongolica. (Tab. IV., fig. 3, a, h.)
Cosmopsaltriamongolica,Distant,Trans.Ent.Soc.1881,p.638.
Body above ochraceous ; head with the black markings as in C. diirga ; pronotum with two central longitudinal fascise placed close together, narrowed, rounded, and meeting on posterior margin, more separated and widened on anterior margin, and on each side of these a curved fascia followed by two oblique ones. Mesonotum marked and spotted as in C. durga. Abdomen with a series of transverse, irregular, dull castaneous discal fascise, becoming confluent, and occupying the whole of apex, and a lateral segmental series of irregular- shaped spots of the same colour. Body beneath pale ochraceous, a large spot on inner margin of eyes, apical margins of face and apes of rostrum, piceous. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline.
Face not prominently convex, with the disk sulcated and the margins strongly striated. Kostrum passing posterior coxse, about reaching inner angles of opercula; opercula reaching third abdominal segment, with the outer margins parallel with lateral margins of abdomen for half their length, then becoming convex, and again narrowed to apex, widened inwardly, but not meeting at apex of first abdominal segment, and then narrowed and divergent to apex, which is broad and rounded. Posterior tibiffi with two long spines on inner and outer margins.
Long. excl. tegm. 3' , 31 millim. Exp. tegm. 82 millim.
China: Northern district? (coll. Dist.).
38. Cosmopsaltria silhetana. (Tab. VI., fig. 1, a, h.)
Cosmopsaltria silhetana. Distant, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. G, vol. i. p. 295 (1888). Body above shining brownish olivaceous. Head with two central black spots on front and with an irregular black fascia across vertex, widening at area of ocelli, and the posterior margin of the eyes black. Pronotum with two central black fascia, the oblique incisures black, the basal margin greenish. Mesonotum with the following black markings : — a central longitudinal fascia, on each side of which is a slightly oblique obconical spot ; these are each followed by a very much smaller spot, and again by a short, broad, irregular spot, all starting from anterior margin ; two long discal spots and a small rounded spot in front of each anterior angle of basal cruciform elevation. Abdomen above with the disk much shaded with dark shining fuscous ; posterior segmental margins greenish. Body beneath very pale olivaceous, with a greyish tinge ; face with the apex and a central fascia black ; apex of rostrum, apices of the tibiae, anterior tarsi, and bases and ajiices of intermediate and posterior tibiae fuscous. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, venation brownish ; costal membrane and base of upper ulnar area ochraceous ; transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas infuscated. The rostrum reaches the apex of the posterior coxae ; the opercula gradually narrow towards apices, which are obtusely angulated and reach the fourth abdominal segment.
Long. excl. tegm. 28 millim. Exp. tegm. 72 millim.
Hab. — Continental India: Sylhet (coll. Dist.).
ORIENTAL CICADIDM. 68 39. Cosmopsaltria opercularis. (Tab. Y., fig. 16, a, h.)
Dmdubiaopercrdaris,Walker,Ins.Saund.,Horn.p.7(1858).
As the specimens of this species now contained in my collection have been preserved in spirit, and thus lost their original coloration, I give Walker's original description :— "Male. Green, varied with testaceous. Head with a black band, which is interrupted and contains two spots on each side ; front with the usual black streaks. Prothorax with some black marks on each side, and with a testaceous black-bordered stripe. Jlesothorax with a black stripe, which is dilated hindwards, and has a black dot on each side; two incomplete and irregular lateral black stripes. Abdomen testaceous, with a row of black spots along each side; dorsal opercula large, conical; ventral opercula elongate-conical, two-thirds of the length of the abdomen. Wings vitreous, their tips very slightly tiuged with pale brown ; veins green or testaceous, black towards the tips. Fore wmgs with a whitish sUgma; first and second transverse veins clouded with black; first curved, almost upright, parted by more than twice its length from the second, which is oblique; third and fourth hardly undulating."
Long. excl. tegm. 3, 24 to 32 millim. Exp. tcgm. GG to 90 millim.
Hab!— Malayan Archipelago: Celebes (Brit. Mus. ; Meyer— Dresd. Mus. & coll. Dist.). This species not only varies greatly in size, but also appears to be strictly confined to Celebes.
40. Cosmopsaltria lutulenta. (Tab. VII., fig. 7, a, h.)
Cosmojm,ltri„ lutuLnta, Distant, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ser. 2a, vol. vi. p. 522 (1888). Body above dark brownish. Head with the margins of the ocelli, the posterior margins of eyes and a spot on margin of vertex at each side of front, black. Pronotum with two black central marginal spots both on anterior and posterior margins, the incisures also somewhat blackish. Mesonotum with five black fascia;; the central one slender and longitudinal, followed on each side by a short and inwardly curved fascia, the lateral fascia; long, broad and broken; between the two last fascia is a short margmal spot and a rounded spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation, black. Body beneath pale brownish, the abdomen—excluding anal appendage—darker brown. Tegmina and wings obscure hyaline, the venation fuscous, the tegmina with the transverse vems at the bases of the second and third apical areas infuscated.
The face is long and somewhat compressed, the transverse striations somewhat blackish; the rostrum reaches the posterior cox^ ; the opercula are well separated, concavely sinuate near base, narrowed to and rounded at, apices, which reach the base of the fifth abdominal segment. The third apical area of the tegmina is long and has its base at about centre of upper ulnar area. Long. excl. tegm. <? , 28 millim. Exp. tegm. 80 millim.
Hab.— Malay-vn Archipelago : New Guinea, Salwatty (D'Albertis— Genoa Mus.). This is one of the few species captured by Signor D'Albertis during his stay at the island of Salwatty,* and at present our knowledge of the New Guinea Ckadidcc is qmte conhiied to those found in its North-Western Kcgions. I have seen no specimens of the family captured by this naturalist during his explorations of the Fly River.
*ItismorethanprobablethattheinsectfaunaofSahvaltyisBtiUverylittleknown,asSi?norD'Albertishadbad healthduringh>8risk"Itishardlyafortnightsn.cewedisembarkedonthusislandwithouri^.«rserv-.mts.andto-dayall ofuswHheexceptionofBeccari,havebeenattackedbyfever."-(D-Albert.s.'NewGumea,vol...p.441.