34 ORIENTAL CICADID.^.
Hab. — Sumatra (Wallace — Brit. Mus.)- Borneo: Sarawak (Genoa Mus.) ; South-East Eegion (Doherty—coll. Dist.).
Walker described the species from a single female specimen only, but my collection now contains three males which differ very widely in size. The markings are, however, generally constant.
6. Leptopsaltria andamanensis. (Tab. X., fig. 12, a, b.)
Leptopsaltria undamanmsis, Distant, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. i. p. 370 (1888). Body above reddish ochraceous, ocelli reddish. Pronotum with the centre of the anterior margin and the whole of the posterior margin (widest at centre) blackish. Mesonotum with two linear, blackish, obconical sjDots at anterior margin and a greenish fascia near each lateral margin. Abdomen with the segmental margins darker. Body beneath ochraceous, the abdominal tubercles blackish. Legs mutilated.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation fuscous. Tegmina with the costal membrane bi'ownish ochraceous, a small costal fuscous and ochraceous spot at base of upi^er ulnar area, the transverse veins at the bases of second, third, and fifth apical areas infuscated, and a series of small fuscous marginal spots situated on the apices of the longitudinal veins of apical areas.
The rostrum has the apex piceous and just passing the posterior coxae. Long. escl. tegm. <? , 21 millim. Exp. tegm. 58 millim.
Hab. — Andaman Islands (J. Wood-Mason — Calc. Mus.).
b. Opcrcula icith their anneal marfjins more or less convex.
7. Leptopsaltria tuberosa. (Tab. VIII., fig. 7, a, h.)
Cicada tuberosn, Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. de Fr. ser. 2, vol. v. p. 299 (1847). IhmduUa tuberosa, Walk. List Horn. i. p. 78, n. 41 (1850).
Leptopsaltria tuberosa, Stal, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 10, p. 170 (1866).
Body above brownish ochraceous; head with some lateral curved fasciae to front, some oblique fascite to vertex, area of ocelli, and basal margin blackish ; jDronotum with two central blackish longitudinal lines, the anterior margin, the edge of lateral margin, and a spot near each lateral area blackish, posterior margin greenish or ochraceous; mesonotum with the following blackish markings:— a narrow central longitudinal fascia, on each side of which is a short curved fascia ; these are followed by a short triangular spot on anterior margin, and then a broad oblique fascia on each lateral area unites with a large triangular spot in front of the basal cruciform elevation, and a fascia on each lateral margin uniting with the preceding fascia at base. Abdomen with the segmental margins blackish. Body beneath and legs ochraceous ; abdominaltuberclesblackish.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation brownish ; tegmina with the costal membrane brownish, a blackish spot at base of upper ulnar area, the transverse veins at the bases of second, third, fifth and seventh apical areas infuscated, and a submarginal series of small fuscous spots placed near the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Opercula small, situate wide apart, their apices broadly convex.
Long. excl. tegm. $ , 27 to 32 millim. ; $ , 23 millim. Exp. tegm. 72 to 79 millim. ; ? *, 84 millim. Hab.— Continental India: Sikkim (Calc. Mus., coll. Dist.) ; Khasi Hills (Calc. Mus.). Java (coll. Sign., coll Dist.). Japan: Yokohama (Bruss. Mus.).
This is not only a distinct, but evidently a widely distributed species, and its localities will be largely increased when the Cicadidce of Eastern Asia are more sought after by collectors.
One specimen only.
ORIENTAL CICADIDJE. 35 8. Leptopsaltria pryeri.* (Tab. VIII., fig. 12, a, h.) Leptopsaltnapryeri,Distaut,Trans.Ent.Soc.1881,p.633. Body above brownish-ocbraceous ; head with the frontal margin, the area of the ocelli and the posterior margin (narrowly) blackish ; pronotiim with an obscure central longitudinal sulcation, the edges of which are very slightly raised and darkened, commencing on anterior margin, but not extending through more than half the pronotal length, lateral and posterior margins ochraceous ; mesonotum with two obscure obconical spots on anterior margin, the edges of which are blackish ; abdomen beneath and legs pale brownish-ochraceous ; opercula inwardly and narrowly margined with blackish, abdominal tuberclesdarkcastaneous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline with a pale ochraceous tinge, venation brownish-ochraceous; tegmina^with the costal membrane brownish-ochraceous; a small dark costal spot at base of upper ulnar area; the transverse veins at the bases of second, third and fifth apical areas infuscated, and a submarginal series of small pale fuscous spots placed near the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas. ''The opercula are situate closer together tlian in the preceding species, L. tuhcrosa, and are alsa less convex, and have their apices more convexly angulated. Long. excl. tegm. ^ , 20 millim. Exp. tegm. 82 millim. Hab.— Borneo: Sandakant (Pryer— coll. Dist.). 9. Leptopsaltria tigrina. (Tab. X., tig. 6, a, h.) Dumluhu, ti.jrina, Walker, List Horn. i. p. G9, n. 31 (1850); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 224. n. 45 (1885). Head and thorax above ochraceous ; abdomen brownish ochraceous. Head with the frontal margins, the area of the ocelli, inner margin of eyes, and an angulated fascia on each lateral area of vertex black ; pronotum with the anterior margin, two central longitudinal fascia, and a semicircular lineate spot on each lateral area, black ; mesonotum with a central longitudinal fascia, on each side of which is a shorter curved fascia, followed by a small costal spot, a broken irregular fascia on each lateral area, and a smaU spot in front of each anterior angle of the cruciform elevation, black; abdomen with the segmental margins black. Thorax beneath, legs and opercula greenish ochraceous; abdomen beneath pale ochraceous, the tubercles, a spot near base and the apex black; a transverse spot between face and eyes, a small spot at apex of face, and the apex of the rostrum black. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, venation brownish-ochraceous, becoming fuscous towards apical areas; Tegmina with the costal membrane brownish-ochraceous; a small pale ochraceous submarginal spot near base of upper ulnar area, the transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas broadly infuscated, and some small faint fuscous marginal spots near apex. The opercula are small, wide apart, with their apices convexly angulated, and their inner margms not distinctly convex as in the two preceding species. Long. excl. tegm. <? , 24 to 27 millim. Exp. tegm. 68 millim. Hab.-CoNTiNENTAL Indu : Malabar (Brit. Mus.) ; Trivandrum m Travankor (H. S. Fergusson-coll. Dist.). Malay Peninsula : Province Wellesley (coll. Dist.). 10. Leptopsaltria tigroides. (Tab. XII., fig. 18, a, b.) Dittiiliihiiiliiiruiilis,Walker,Ins.Sauud.Hom.p.5(1858). Pompo„ia tigroides, Dist. J. A. S. Boug. vol. xlviii. p. 38 (1879); Atkins, ibid. vol. liii. p. 229. u. 68 (1885). *NamedaftermyfriendMr.W.B.Pryer,towhomIamindebtedfortheaboveandmanyotherfinespeciesbelonging to different orders of insects from Northern Borneo.
fBritishNorthBorneoisevidentlyrichinthefamilyCicadida;,forbesidesinformationacquiredfiromMr.Pryer. Mr.
Guillemard.
in his acconnt of the zoolojdcal features of that province, describes "the ceaseless and car-piercmg /c/i.r-r—r ofthousandsofcicadas."—('TheCruiseoftheMarchesa,'vol.ii.p.95).
36 ORIENTAL CICADWM.
A typical male specimen in the British Museum is here figured, and as this is the writer's only knowledge of the species, Walker's original description of a female is here given : — " Female. Green, partly testaceous. Head with minute black marks in front and on each side, and with a large black spot on the vertex. Prothorax with six black stripes ; the inner pair dilated at each end ; the middle pair oblique ; the third pair marginal ; a curved brown discal streak on each side between the first and second pairs. Mesothorax with five black stripes, which are slightly dilated hindward; inner pair shortened hindward ; outer pair curved outward hindward ; two black dots on the hind border. Abdomen with a black lanceolate mark on each of the first and second segments, with black dots along each side, and with a black subapical band. Wings vitreous. Fore wings with the costa green, luteous beyond the middle ; stigma black, with a pale band ; veins green, partly black ; first and second transverse veins very slightly clouded with brown ; first parted by more than twice its length from the second." Long. excl. tegm. 22 millim. Exp. tegm. 60 millim.
Hab.— "Hindostan,"* sic (Brit. Mus.).
Walker describes this species as closely resembling D. tigrina, " but may be distinguished by the outward curve of the exterior stripes on the mesothorax, by the spots and band of the abdomen, and by the first transverse vein of the fore wing, which is slightly oblique outward, whereas that of D. tigrina is very oblique inward."
L. tigroides and L. tigrina are, however, structurally distinct by the shape of the opercula, which in the first named species are small and very convex ; the surface and markings of the face are also distinct.
c. Opercula with their ajnces obtusely angulated, the apical margins straight or slightly concave. 11. Leptopsaltria albiguttata. (Tab. VIII., fig. 8, a, h, & Tab. X., fig. 4, a, h.) Dunduhia alhujutta, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. vol. i. ji. 83, n. 4 (1856). Pale ochraceous, with the following black markings : — head with linear fasciae on anterior margins of front, a spot on anterior lateral angle of vertex, a curved line in front of eyes, and the area of the ocelli ; pronotum with the anterior margin and extreme posterior margins, two irregular central longitudinal lines, on each side of which is an angulated linear spot, a somewhat rounded linear spot on each lateral area, and a small spot on each lateral margin ; mesonotum with a central longitudinal line, on each side of which is a short curved linear fascia, again followed by a longitudinal series of three small spots and a spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation, posterior segmental margins, some short transverse fasciae on upper half of face, two small spots between face and eyes, four small spots near base of rostrum, apex of rostrum, anterior femoral spines, and some small spots to sternum. Tegmina and wings j^ale hyaline, the venation ochraceous, becoming pale fuscous towards apical areas ; tegmina with the costal membrane ochraceous, and the transverse veins at the bases of the second and third apical areas narrowly infuscated.
Opercula small, the inner angles obtusely acute, the inner apical margins concavely sinuate, their apices narrowed and convexly rounded, the outer margins oblique.
Long. excl. tegm. $ , 23 to 25 millim. Exp. tegm. 67 to 69 millim.
Hab. — Malay Peninsula : Perak (coll. List.) ; Malacca (Wallace, Brit. Mus.). Sumatra : Western Eegion (V. Lansberg — Bruss. Mus.) ; Tapanoeli iV. Lansberg — Leyden Mus.) ; Koetoer and Moeara Laboe (Sum. Exped. — Leyden Mus.). Java (coll. Dist.).
*Thevagueuseofthewords"India"aud"Hindostan,"inZoology,recalltomindtheequallyuncertainvalueofthe first-namedwordinsomeofthetraditionsofthefourthcentur_y,whichattributedtoChristianitycertainveryremote conquests.AsBenauwrites,"TheuseofthewordIndiawasextremelyvague;whoeverhadembarkedatClysiuaandmade thevoyageoftheRedSeawasreportedtohavebeeninIndia."—('MarcusAurelius,'Eng.edit.).
ORIENTAL CICADIDM. :17 This is a very pale colonred species, constant in markings, and a somewhat common insect (if the species of this family can ever be styled abundant)* in the localities where it has been collected.
12. Leptopsaltria carmente. (Tab. VIII., fig. 2, a, h.)
JhindMa carmente, Walker, List Iloin. i. p. 71, n. .33 (1850).
Leptujisdltria nijrescens, Dist. Auu. &: Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. G, vol. iii. p. 50 (1889). Brownish-ochraceous, with the foUowinr; black markings : — head with the area of the ocelli, the inner nicargins of the eyes, a spot near bases of antennaa, a spot on each side of front, and a central transverse linear line at base ; pronotum with two central lines united at base, and the incisures ; mesonotuni with two central obconical spots at anterior margin, a sublateral fascia on each side, and a spot in front of each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation ; the posterior margins of the abdominal segments, the margins of the eyes beneath, the apex of the face, the disk of the sternum, the inner halves of the opercula, the abdominal tubercles, and the disk of abdomen also black. Tegmina pale hyaline, the basal venation brownish, the apical venation fuscous. Wings pale hyaline. The rostrum passes the posterior coxae, the opercula are concave externally, oblique internally, the apices narrowed and angularly rounded.
Long. excl. tegm. <? , 20 millim. Exp. tegm. 56 to G3 milHm.
Hab.— Java (Erit. Mus., Bruss. Mus., coll. Sign., coll. Dist. ; V. Lansberg — Leyden Mus.). Borneo : Sarawak (Genoa Mus.).
The black fasciate markings to the opercula renders this species very distinct. 13. Leptopsaltria barbosae,f n. sp. (Tab. V., fig. 14, a, b.)
Very closely allied in size, colour, and markings to L. carmente, Walk., but differing in colour, size, and shape of the opercula, which in L. harhosce are shorter, less attenuated posteriorly, not concavely sinuate outwardly, the apices broader and more rounded, \ and the inner and apical margins only shaded withblackish.
Long. excl. tegm. <? , 22 millim. Exp. tegm. 60 millim.
Hab. — SuLU Islands: Jolo (coll. Dist.).
14. Leptopsaltria guttularis. (Tab, XII., fig. 20, a, h.)
Cicada (juttularis. Walker, List Horn., Suppl. p. 29 (1858).
Leptopsaltria yuttularis, Still, Berl. Eut. Zeit. 10, p. 170 (1866); Ofv. Vct.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 710, u. 2 ; .\tkins. •J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 227, n. 61 (1885).
This species is only known to me by the female typical specimen in the British Museum, and by a corresponding female specimen in my own coUectiou. Walker's original description (with some abbreviation) is therefore given : — " Testaceous, varied with green ; under side mostly pale green. Head with a black four-forked mark about the ocelli, and with two black transverse streaks on each side ; face with black streaks on the furrows, and with three on each side. Prothorax with a black band in front, and with two black stripes *"Theygenerallyresthighuponthetrees,andthoughdailyandhourlyheard,areseldomseenorcaptured"(Wallace, 'TravelsontheAmazons,'newed.p.38).
fNamedafterBarhosa,towhom,accordingtoCrawfurd,woareindebtedforthefirstauthenticnoticeofoneofthe chiefislandsoftheSulugroup.—(Descr.Diet.lud.Islds.pp.407-8).
\Unfortunatelyrenderedtooangulateinthefigure(Tab.V.,fig.14,h).
h
38 ORIENTAL CICADID.E.
which approximate in the middle ; three blackish streaks on each side, where there is an acute angle in IVont. Mesothorax with a black middle stripe, and with five black streaks on each side. Pectus with four lilack spots. Abdomen partly black beneath towards the tiiD. Wings vitreous ; veins testaceous, black towards the tips. Fore wings with a whitish stigma : tips and transverse veins, and tips of the marginal veinscloudedwithbrown."
Long. excl. tegm. $ , 19 millim. Exp. tegm. 60 millim.
Hab. — BuEMA (Brit.jMus.). Borneo: Sarawak (coU.Dist.) ; Philii^pine Islands (Semper — Stockh.Mus.). I include this species ? with considerable hesitation. Walker described it from a single female specimen, — a most unsatisfactory proceeding, — and I have only seen another specimen, and that of the same sex. Stal, who had visited the British Museum and inspected Walker's types, apparently had no reticence in identifying some Philippine specimens as L. guttidaris, and, having male examples, writes, " L. tuherosce, Sign., simillima, divergit operculis obtusioribus, apice multo minus oblique truncatis, parte apicali exteriore obtusiore, minus longe producta, tuberculisque ventris apud marem majoribus nigris, lobum tumidum simulantibus." The female type, to my view, is closely allied to L. alhiguttata, Walk., and may possibly yet prove to be simply that species.
Genus DUNDUBIA.
DunduLia, Amyot & Serville, Hist, des Hem. p. 470, 871 (1843) ; Still, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 5 (18G6) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 223 (1885); ibid. vol. Iv. p. 157 (1886). Body robust, long. Head somewhat triangularly elongate, including the eyes rather narrower than base of pronotum at lateral angles ; ocelli a little farther apart from eyes than from each other; front large, globular, and convex, about twice as broad at base as the anterior lateral margins of the vertex. Pronotum with the margins not prominently ampliated, but distinctly toothed. Anterior femora spined. Tympana covered ; opercula long and extending beyond the middle of the abdomen. Piostrum scarcely reaching the posterior coxae. Tegmina hyaline, the basal cell twice as long as broad ; interior ulnar area with the apex not or very slightly ampliated.
The absence of the tubercle or tumescence to the genas and of the tubercles to the second and thu'd abdominal segments of the male, together with the presence of the long opercula and the large, globular and convex front and face, sufficiently distinguish Dunduhia from the preceding genus, Leptopsaltria. This genus is a small one, though, owing to the number of species described uniformly by Walker imder the generic name Dunduhia, it would appear to be the largest genus of the Oriental Cicadidce.
In geographical distribution, Dunduhia is strictly confined to our faunistic area, and is focussed in the Indo-Malayan region ; it is doubtful whether it extends so far eastward as New Guinea, but our collections from that large island are still too small to enable us to speak positively as to its absence. Its distribution, however, throughout the Malayan Archipelago is in no way equal to that of the following and allied genus Cosmopsaltria. Another feature in the general appearance of the species of this genus is the unspotted tegmina, no species of which the writer is cognisant having the transverse veins at the bases of the upper apical areas infuscated.
ORIENTAL CICADIDJE. 89 a. Opercula oblong, their apices rounded, /j' V "^ - 1. Dundubia mannifera. (Tab. IV., figs. 17, a, b, and small var. 10, a, h.) Cianta mannifn;,, Linna'us, Mus. Ad. Fried, p. 84 (1754), excl. syn. Tettiyonia vu.jinata, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 26G (1787); Ent. Syst. iv. p. 18. n. 7 (1794); Syst. Rhyng. p. 35. n.10(1803).
Cicada vaginata, Gmol. Ed. Syst. Nat. i. pt. 4, p. 2099 (1782); OUv. Enc. Meth. v. p. 748, n. 10 (1790). Cicadavirescens,Oliv.Enc.Meth.v.p.747,n.5(1790).
Dundubiavirescens,Walk.ListHorn.i.p.64,n.25(1850).
Dundubia vaginata. Amy. & Sei-v. Hist, des Hem. p. 471, n. 1 (1843); Walk. List Horn. i. p. 47, n. 4 (1850). Dundubianigrimacula,Walk.ListHorn.i.p.63.n.23(1850).
Dundubiasobriu.Walk.ListHorn.i.p.63,n.24(1850).
Dundubia mannifera, Stal, Berl. Ent. Zeit. s. p. 170, n. 1 (18G6) ; Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fcirh. 1870, p. <07, n. 1; Dist. J. A. S. Beng. vol. xlviii. p. 38 (1879) ; Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ser. 2a. vol. vi. p. 455, n. 11 (1888); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 223, n. 39 (1885).
Fididna mnfinU, Walk. Journ. Limi. See, Zool. vol. x. p. 92, n. 21 (1867). Stoll,Cig.fig.35.
Dundubia immacula. Walk. List Hom. i. p. 50, n. 10 (1850); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 225, n. 52 (1885). Green, pale ochraceous, or green and dark ochraceous; abdomen above with some small lateral black spots which are most distinct in the paler coloured specimens. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation and the costal membrane of tegmina pale brownish or ochraceous.
Rostrum just passing the intermediate coxeb ; opercula about reaching the penultimate segment of the abdomen, concavely sinuate on each side near base and then convexly ampliated, especially on inner margins, their apices narrowed and obtusely rounded.
°Long. excl. tegm.* <? , 38 to 45 millim. ; 5 , 27 to 35 miUim. Exp. tegm. <? , 95 to 115 millun. ; 5 , 78 to 95 millim. -d • -vr \ Hab.— Continental India : Sikkim and Naga Hills (Calc. Mus.) ; Assam (Warwick— Brit. Mus.) ; Seebsagar (Calc. Mus.). Burma : Bhamo (Genoa Mus.) ; Moulmein (Calc. Mus.). Tenasserim (Limborg- Calc Mus.) ; Myitta-in-the-Valley (Doherty— coll. Dist.). Malay Peninsula : Penang (W^alker) ; Provmce Wellesley (coll. Dist.) ; Johore (Calc. Mus.) ; Sinkep Isld. (coll. Dist.). Sumatra (Ludeking, V. Hasselt, and V Lansberg-Leyden Mus. ; Bock-coll. Dist.). Java (Bruss. Mus. ; Picpers and V. Lansberg-Leyden Mus ) • Bantam (coll. Dist.) ; Kederi (Baron Von Hiigel-coll. Dist.). Borneo : Pontianak (Bruss. Mus.) ; Kina Balu Mt. (Whitehead-coll. Dist.). Celebes (Meyer-Dresden Mus.). Philippine Isles (Semper- Stockh. Mus.) ; Palawan (coll. Dist.). China : Hong Kong (Bowrmg— Brit. Mus.). This appears to be the commonest and most widely-spread species of the Eastern Cicadida', scarcely any collection of these insects made in the above localities is without it, and I found it a somewhat abundant species in the Malay Peninsula when collecting there some years ago. It is variable in hue, but is easily recognised, especially by the length and shape of the opercula.
Var. a. (Tab. XII., fig. 1, a, h.)
dpludoxys Tirpsichore, Walker, List Hom. i. p. 289, n. 10 (1850). Dundubiaterpsiclwre.Still,Ofv.Vet.-Ak.F6rh.1862,p.483.
Mogannia terpsichore, Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 233, n. 94 (1885). *Thedimensionsofthesmallvariety(Tab.IV.,fig.10.a,6)arenotgiven,asthespecimenisundoubtedlyabnormal.
40 ORIENTAL CICADIDM, ■ Closely resembling typical D. mannifera, but differing by the somewhat shorter opercula, a slight bronzy tinge to the apices of the tegmina in the male, and by the central mesonotal spots being outwardly marginedwithblack.
Long. excl. tegm. <? & 2 , 30 millim. Exp. tegm. 85 to 92 millim. Hab. — Continental India: North Khasi Hills, 1500 to 3000 feet (Chennell — coll. Dist.). Malay Peninsula : Perak (coll. Dist.).
The female, typical and only specimen in the British Museum, is smaller than the above dimensions given of two specimens in my own collection. After careful comparison and consideration, I incline to the view, that this specific creation of Walker is but another varietal form of D. mannifera* 2. Dundubia rufivena. (Tab. VI., fig. 6, a, h.) Dundubia rufivena, Walker, List Horn. i. p. 59, n. 19 (1850). This species is closely allied to -D. mannifera, Linn., but differs by its constantly smaller size and by the different shape of the opercula, which are much more coiicavely narrowed near base and then convexly widenedoneachside.
Long. excl. tegm. <? & ? , 24 to 81 millim. Exp. tegm. 61 to 81 millim. Hab. — Malay Peninsula: Penang (Biggs — coll. Dist.); Province Wellesley (coll. Dist.). Sumatra (Bruss. Mus. ; Ludeking — Leyden Mus.; Beccari— Genoa Mus.). Nias Isld. (coll. Dist.). Java (Dresden Mus., Bruss. Mus. ; V. Eyndh & Piepers — Leyden Mus.) ; Kederi (Baron Von Hiigel — coll. Dist.). Sumbawa (V. Lansberg^Lej'den Mus.). Borneo: Sarawak (Beccari — Genoa Mus.) ; Elopura (Pryer — coll. Dist.) ; South-East District (Doherty — coll. Dist.). Moluccas: Amboyna (Bruss. Mus.). This species, like B. mannifera, varies in hue from pale green to dark ochraceous, but unlike that species, I have been unable to trace its distribution to Continental India. 2 a. Dundubia mellea, n. sp. ? or D. rufivena, var. ? (Tab. XII., fig. 9, a, h.) S . Head, pronotum and mesonotum brownish-ochraceous, ocelli pale ochraceous, eyes pale castaneous; front with some obscure black lateral strias ; mesonotum with two short faint central obconical spots, and a larger obconical spot on each lateral area ; base of cruciform elevation dark castaneous ; abdomen above and beneath and the opercula golden-yellow, margins of the opercula more or less shaded with black; head beneath, sternum and legs dull ochraceous, tibiee and tarsi pale castaneous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the first with the costal membrane and basal portion of the venation bright ochraceous, remaining venation darker ; wings with the venation ochraceous, in some Ijortionsinfuscated.
The rostrum extends to about the intermediate coxfe ; the opercula are somewhat short, concave on each side near base and rounded at apices, which about reach the base of the fifth abdominal segment ; anteriorfemoraandposteriortibiaespined. Var. a. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum pale greenish, the abdomen ochraceous. Long. excl. tegm. 33 millim. Exp. tegm. 80 millim. Hab. — Borneo: Western District (Brit. Mus.). Elopura: Pryer (coll. Dist.). I was at first inclined to consider this form, from its very distinctive coloration, as an undescribed species, but have since found other specimens from Northern Borneo, of so inter- *Thisquestionofvarietiesandspeciesstillremainsinaveryopencondition,asMr.Bouverie-Puseyhasstatedit:— " One school made varieties lesser species, the other made species (not to say higher divisions) only better marked varieties."— (' Permanence and Evolution,' p.
5).
ORIENTAL CICADIDJF,. 41 mediate a character that I have preferred keeping it for the present as a subspecies or simple variety of B. rufivcna. Should the last supposition prove correct, we have in D. rujivena a species which not only varies in colour, but also much more largely in size. 3. Dundubia locusta. (Tab. IX., fig. 1, a, b.)
Cepluilo.cys l,icusUi, Walker, List Horn. i. p. 230, n. 7 (1850). Moijanniu locusta, Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 233, n. 91 (1885). Body brownish-ochraceous ; ocelli red ; eyes fuscous ; posterior and lateral margins of pronotum paler in hue ; mesonotum with two obscure obcouical spots on anterior margin, their outer edges black, and a small dark spot near each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation ; lateral margins of the abdomen above paler in hue and ornamented witb a segmental series of black spots. Body beneath paler in hue; the bead beneath, sternum, legs and opercula ocbraceous. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation and the costal membrane of the first ocbraceous. Tbe opercula extend to about half the length of the abdomen, are concavely constricted on each side near base, and are then convesly rounded and moderately ampliated, tbe apex broadly rounded. The body is somewhat elongated and tbe head narrowed.
Long. excl. tegm. <? , 3-4 milhm. ; 2 , 30 millim. Exp. tegm. 83 millim. Hab.— Continental India (Wooler— Brit. Mus.) ; Bombay (Leitb— coll. Dist.). The narrowed head— a character which probably induced Walker to place the species in the genus CV/)/(a/o.ri/s— will easily separate D. locusta from the other species of Dundubia, and the elongated body is also another distinctive character.
This species seems to have a limited distribution, as four specimens, two males and two females, collected by Dr. Leith at Bombay, and now in my own collection, are the only examples I have seen, excepting the type in the British Museum.
4. Dundubia rafflesii.* (Tab. IV., fig. 4, a, h.)
Dundubia rajflcsii, Distant, Proc. Zool. Sec. 1883, p. 188.
Head and body above ocbraceous, moderately and palely pilose. Eyes pale brown, mottled witb fuscous, ocelli bright castaneous; posterior and lateral margins of pronotum greenisb-ocbraceous ; mesonotum witb two central pale and subobsolete obconical spots situate at anterior margin, witb an obscure pale fuscous oblique streak on each side. Body beneath and legs ocbraceous; opercula reaching the third abdominal segment, slender, concavely constricted on each side near base, and then agam convexly widened to apex, which is rounded; rostrum about reaching posterior cossb, with its apex narrowly fuscous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline ; veins and costal membrane of tegmina ocbraceous. Long. excl. tegm. S , 30 millim. Exp. tegm. 73 millim.
Hub.— Java (coll. Dist.).
This species is allied to D. rujivena, Walk., but differs by its much more slender opercula, which are not perceptibly broader at the apex than at the base, being quite the reverse of what obtains in D. rujivemx.
5. Dundubia emanatura. (Tab. YIII., fig. 3, a, b.)
Dundubia emanatura. Distant, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. iii. p- 51 (1889). Pronotum above either greenish or ocbraceous. Abdomen ocbraceous. Head witb a narrow, reticulated, linear, transverse, black fascia between tbe eyes enclosing the ocelh and a black spot at *ThenameofSirStamfordRafflesisindeliblyconnectedwithtwogreatzoolofjicalenterprises.HefoUowedand fosteredthestudyofNatmalHistoryintheEast,—especiaUyinJava,—andmaybesaidtohavecreatedthegreat Zoological Society of London.