128 ORIENTAL CICADIDM.
" Corpus ohlongum. Caput latitudine varians, thoracis antico raro latius ; fronte leviter vel modice convexa, baud plus quam dimidium latitudinis faciei occupante, sulco longitudinali instrueta ;* clj'peo apice subacuminato vel leviter truncate. Eostrum breve vel mediocre. Ocelli a basi capitis remoti. Thorax lateribus raro paullo explauatis, spepissime convexis, postice ampliatus. Tegmina margine costali baud vel basin versus leviter dilatato, venis ulnavibus snepissime admodum distantibus, numquam contiguis, areis apicalibus octo, prima quam secunda longius antrorsum extensa. Tympana tota detecta. Margo anticus partis postice segmenti dorsalis primi abdominis in lobum baud ampliatus rectus. Segmentum ventrale ultimum feminarum profunde lateque emarginatum. Opercula parva aut mediocria, baud valvautia, raro contigua. Femora antica subtus spinosa."
Tibicen, as thus freely understood, has a world-wide distribution, but its typical forms are found in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions, and only just enter the Indian section of the Oriental region.
'O" A. Head, inducling outer viarginft of eyes, much narrower than base of mesonotuin. a. IViit'js with SiX ajncal areas.
1. Tibicen casyapae.f (Tab. XIV., figs. 20, a, //.)
Tibicen casyaiia:, Distant, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. G, vol. i. p. 37J (1888). 2 . Head black ; margins of front, ocelli, and a small central basal spot, dull reddish ; eyes ochraceous. Pronotum dull reddish, the margins and two central longitudinal lines black. Mesonotum black; two central " antler "- shaped fasciae, the lateral margins, and the basal cruciform elevation, dull reddish, the anterior angles of the last black. Abdomen above black. Body beneath black, somewhat greyishly pilose ; face red, its central longitudinal sulcation black; rostrum black; legs reddish, the femora streakedwithblackbeneath.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, their bases dull reddish, the venation blackish ; the costal membrane oftegminaochraceous.
The face is large, but laterally compressed and strongly striated, with a profound central longitudinal sulcation. The rostrum about reaches the intermediate coxae ; the legs are robust, and the anterior femora have a strong spine beneath at apex and a similar spine near base. Long. excl. tegm. 2 , 35 millim. Exp. tegm. 90 millim.
Hab. — Continental India: Kashmeer Valley, 6300 feet (Leech — coll. Dist.). 2. Tibicen reticulatus. (Tab. XIV., figs. 21, a, b.)
Tibicen reticulatus, Distant, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. G, vol. i. p. 371 (1888). $ . Head black ; apex of front, anterior lateral margins of vertex, and a narrow central longitudinal line, dull reddish ; eyes brownish-ochraceous. Pronotum black, the margins and two large contiguous spots on each side of disk dull reddish. Mesonotum black ; the margins, the basal cruciform elevation, and two irregular subobconical spots on anterior margin, dull reddish. Abdomen black. Body beneath and legs black, somewhat greyishly pilose; margins of the face, under surfaces and apices of femora, tibije and tarsi, excluding bases and extreme apices, spots and markings on sternum and abdominal segmental margins,dullreddish.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation blackish, their bases narrowly reddish, outwardly shaded with black ; costal membrane to tegmina dull reddish.
='= Except iu the subgenus Nelcynda as subsequently defined by Stal.
fAccordingti>tradition,thevalleyofKashmeerwasdrainedandcolonisedbyCasyapa,about2,666yearsbeforethe commencemeutoftheChristianera(Hamilton'EastIndiaGazetteer').
ORIENTAL CICADIDM. 129 The face is laterally much compressed and moderately striated ; the rostrtim about reaches the intermediate coxffi; the legs are robust, and the anterior femora have a stronf; spine both at l)asc and apes. The tegmina in the specimen figured have a small additional cell at base of the second apical area, caused by the presence of a short abnormal transverse vein.
Long. excl. tegm. ? , 29 millim. Exp. tegm. 70 millim.
Hab. — Continental India: Gilgcet (coll. Dist. and coll. Atkinson).
3. Tibicen lacteipennis. (Tab. X., figs. 5, a, I,; Tab. XII., ligs. 10, a, h.) Cephaloxyslacteipennis,Walker,ListHorn.i.p.237,n.8(1850).
Mofjannia lacteipennis, Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 283, n. 92 (1885). This species, being only known to the writer by the typical female specimen contained in the British Museum, — hero figured, — Walker's original description is also given. " Body luteous, clothed with pale hairs : head black, small, much narrower than the thorax ; a small tawny spot at the base of each feeler ; face very prominent, adorned on each side with a large tawnj- spot : mouth black, tawny at the base : eyes not prominent : feelers black : fore-chest much nan-owcr in front than behind ; sides rounded at the base of the fore-wings, then slightly concave, and again slightly convex and minutely notched towards the fore border ; furrows of the scutcheon black ; hind-scutcheon broad, a black band along its fore border ; scutcheon of the middle-chest adorned with four black obconical slightly excavated marks ; middle pair not more than half the length of the side pair, — between the former there is a black stripe increasing in breadth from the fore border to the middle, where it ceases; hind border very slightly excavated : abdomen black, obconical, a little broader and longer than the chest ; hind borders of the segments tawny; a tawny spot on each side near the tip, which is also tawny : opercula tawny, small, open ; their furrows hoary ; drums extremely small : legs luteous ; a pitchy spot at the tip of each shank ; tips of the claws black; fore thighs armed with two stout teeth, which are partly black at the base : wings and flaps white, opake, luteous at the base ; veins black, tawny towards the base and near the brand, an additional cross-vein near the tip of the sixth discoidal areolet of the left wing of the specimen described." " Length of the body 17 lines ; of the wiugs 46 lines."
Hab. — Continental India: "North India" (sic) (Stevens — Brit. Mus.).
B. Head, including outer margins of eyes, about or nearly equal in width to base of mesonotuni. b. Wings uitlt six apical areas.
4. Tibicen subvittatus. (Tab. XII., figs. 17, a, h.)
Cicada sitbvitta. Walker, List Hom. i. p. 222, n. 17G (1850); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. Uii. p. 280, n. 78 (1885). Tibicensubvitta,Stal,Ofv.Vet.-Ak.Forh.18G2,p.485.
Cicadasti-igosa,Walk.lus.Saund.Hom.p.19(1858).
J . Body above blackish ; head with the eyes, a small spot on vertical margins, a spot at base, and the ocelli, ochraceous ; pronotum with the anterior and posterior margins — narrowly, — a central longitudinalfascia, and the fissures, ochraceous; mesonotum with very faint linear outlines of two central obconical spots, and the apices of the cruciform elevation, ochraceous ; margins of the abdominal segments, and basal area of last abdominal segment, castaueous. Body beneath, with the lateral margins of the face, sternal spots, opercula, and disk of abdomen, ochraceous ; legs considerably spotted and markedwithochraceous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation mostly fuscous. Tegmina with the outer edge of costal membrane, the basal cell, and tiaval area, ochraceous ; apex of basal cell blackish ; a short fuscous 2l
130 ORIENTAL CICADIDM.
fascia crosses apex of radial area, and is continued by macular indications to apex of interior ulnar area, transverse veins at bases of the apical areas infuscated, and a small fuscous apical spot. "Wings with the bases of the apical areas infuscated, a marginal spot preceding lower apical area and basal streaks fuscous; extremebaseochraceous.
In the male the apex of the abdomen has three distinct spines.
Long. excl. tegm. 3 , 16 millim. Exp. tegm. 45 millim.
Hab. — Continental India: Sikkim (Calc. Mus.) ; N.W. Himalaya (coll. Dist.). bb. Wings with five apical areas.
5. Tibicen nanus. (Tab. XIV., figs. 22, a, h.)
Cicada nana, Walker, List Horn. i. p. 202, n. 154 (1850).
Tibicen nana, Still, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 485.
"Body tawny : head hardly narrower than the fore-chest ; crown ferruginous, pitchy on each side ; face convex, not prominent, adorned in front with two pitchy stripes : mouth dark tawny with a black tip, reaching the middle hips : feelers tawny, very stout : eyes prominent : fore-chest ferruginous, very little narrower in front than behind ; its sides slightly convex ; hind-scutcheon very narrow ; a very large triangular black mark on each side of the scutcheon whose hind border is hardly excavated : abdomen obconical, tapering quickly along the whole length, much longer than the chest : opercula small ; drums of moderate size, rather less than one-third of the length of the abdomen : legs tawny ; claws black ; forethighs armed with three tawny teeth : wings and flaps colourless ; veins tawny, black along the hind bordersofthefore-wings."
" Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 14 lines."
Hab. — China (Lay — Brit. Mus.).
My knowledge of the above species is limited to the typical specimen in the British Museum, — novi^ figured, — and to Walker's description, which is here reproduced. bbb. Wings with four apical areas.
6. Tibicen tener. (Tab. VI., figs. 5, a, h.)
Tibicen {Nelcynda) tener, Still, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fiirh. 1870, p. 716, u. 2. " Flavescente-ferrugineus vel olivaceus, subtus pedibusque pallidior ; loris, verticis macula minuta pone ocellum anticum, maculis duabus ad ocellos laterales maculaque minuta augulorum basalium, vel macula magna spatium totum inter ocellos et oculos occupante, impressionibus disci thoracis, maculis duabus basalibus mediis vittaque laterali posterius abbreviata scutelli, interdum etiam margine basali segmentorum dorsalium abdominis vittaque ventris nigris ; tegminibus alisque vitreis, venis flavo-ferrugineis, apicem versus nigris, costa rufo-ferruginea vel olivacea."
" 3 , 2 . Long. 10 — 12, exp. tegm. 25—31 mill."
" 3 . Operculis angustissimis, elongatis, leviter curvatis, sensim subangustatis ; segmento dorsali ultimo apice medio acute dentato-producto, angulis posticis in processum, basi latum, dein subito superne profunde sinuatum et pone sinum gracilem, productis ; segmento ventrali penultimo teque longo ae lato, postice rotundato, segmento ultimo obovato, segmento penultimo fere duplo longiore." " ? . Segmento dorsali ultimo apice in dentem producto, vittis duabus postice abbreviatis nigris ornato; segmento ventrali ultimo apice latissime profundeque angulato-emarginato." " Satura fere Thaphura miscllm,* cui hand dissimilis. Ocelli in triangulum subobtusangulum dispositi, postici ab oculis quam inter se vix lougius remoti. Thorax variat maculis duabus magnis nigris. Hab. — Malayan Archipelago : Philippme Isles (Semper — Stockh. Mus.). The figure here given is taken from a female typical specimen in the Stockholm Museum. * A Neotropical species.
ORIENTAL CWADID.'E. 131 C.Head,includingoutermanjinaofinjes,distinctlybroaderthanbaseofmesonotum. C. Wings with six ajnccd areas.
7. Tibicen maculicollis. (Tab. XIV., figs. 23, a, h.) Cicada nmcidicoUis, Gudrin, Voy. Coq. Zool. p. 183 (1830); Atkias. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 230, n. 76 (1885). Body above pale fuscous or castaneous ; anterior margins of front and vertex of head, a central hourglass-shapedfascia to pronotum, four obconical spots to mesonotum,—the central pair shortest,—fuscous or dark castaneous. Body beneath and legs pale castaneous ; the face darker, the interior margins of eyes broadlygreyishlytomentose.
Tegmiua and wings pale hyaline ; tegmina with the costal membrane pale castaneous. Opercula small and lobately directed inwardly; the rostrum reaches the posterior coxae. Long. excl. tegm. <? and ? , 20 millim. Exp. tegm. 55 to 56 millim. Hab. — Continental India : Bengal (Gu6r.). Malay Peninsula : Perak (Doherty — coll. Dist.). This species is very variable in coloration, some specimens liaving the abdomen olivaceous in hue, and in others the distinctive markings of the pronotum are not well pronounced. Stal (Hem. Afr. iv. p. 27) recites T. macuUcoUis as a synonym of Tibicen hnuincus, Fabr., a species found in the island of Mauritius. This is incorrect, and the two species belong to different subgenera as deiined by Stal himself; T. hranneus belonging to the s.g. Ahricta, and T. maculicollis to the s.g. Abroma.
8. Tibicen apicalis. (Tab. XII., figs. 15, a, b.)
Cicada apicalis, Germar, Thon. Ent. Arcb. ii. p. 8, n. 9G (1830); Silb. Rev. Eiit. ii. p. 63, n. 21 (1834); Walk. List Horn. i. p. 161, n. 103 (1860).
Cicada semicincta, Walk. List Horn. i. p. 142, n. 80 (1850); Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 481. Tibicen apicalis, Still, Ann. Soc. Eut. Fr. ser. 4, vol. i. p. 618 (1861) ; Atkius. J. A. S. Beug. vol. liii. p. 231, n.83(1885).
<? . Head above black, with a castaneous spot on front, the eyes ochraceous, the ocelli reddish. Pronotum castaneous, with the margins and a central hour-glass-shaped fascia black. Mesonotum with three obconical spots, the central one shortest and broadest. Abdomen blackish, darkest on basal disk, with a greyish white tomentose spot on the lateral margins of both the first and second abdominal segments, and a similarly coloured basal margin to the sixth and sometimes also to the fifth abdominal segments. Body beneath blackish, the legs pale ochraceous, the femora more or less castaneous above, lateral areas of the sternum ochraceous and greyishly tomentose, margins of the opercula and lateral areas oftheabdomenpalecastaneous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation mostly fuscous ; tegmina with the costal membrane ochraceous, and with a small apical fuscous spot.
Long. excl. tegm. <? , 17 millim. Exp. tegm. 48 millim. Hab. — Continental India: Bombay (Calc. ^fus.) ; Karwar (coll. Dist.). cc. Wiiii/s uith Jive apical areas.
9. Tibicen nubifurca. (Tab. XIV., figs. 24, a, b.)
Cicadauuhifurca,Walker,ListHorn.Suppl.p.28(1858).
Tibicett nubijurca, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 485 ; Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. is. p. 325 (1892).
Cicada apicalis, Kirby, Journ. Lin. Soc. Zool. vol. xxiv. p. 131, t. v. f. 1 (1891). S . Head and thorax above castaneous, ochraceously pilose ; pronotum with a central longitudinal fascia and the lateral margins obscurely ochraceous; mesonotum with two small, obscure, central
132 ORIENTAL CICADIDM.
ochraceously margined spots ; abdomen ochraceous, palely pilose. Body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; face (excluding margins), rostrum (excluding base), and shadings to femora, pale fuscous. Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation fuscous ; tegmina with the costal membrane pale ochraceous ; a spot at apex of radial area, a spot at base of third apical area, and sometimes an apical spot, fuscous.
Long. excl. tegm. ? , 14 millim. Exp. tegm. 40 millim.
Hab. — Ceylon (Templeton — Brit. Mus. ; Green — Brit Mus. and coll. Dist.). Species only hiotcn to the ivriter by descriptions.
10. Tibicen ferrarius.
Tibicen {Abroma)jWranus, Still, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 716, n. 1. " Ferrugineus, parce griseo-serieeus, vertice scutelloque nigro-signatis ; tegminibus alisque sordide vitreis, venis sordide flavescente-ferrugineis, apicem versus pallescentibus ; dorso abdominis vittaque ventris nigris."
" <? . Long. 20, lat. 7, exp. tegm. 59 mill."
" (? . Operculis segmentoque ventrali primo pallide subferrugineo-flavescentibus, illis totis distantibus, apicem versus sensim tamen nonnihil convergentibus, a basi ad apicem sensim nonnihil ampliatis, apice obtuse rotundatis."
" T. (Abromce) apicali, Germ., maxime afiinis, operculis nonnihil longioribus, apice obtusius rotundatis, tegminibus apice immaeulatis, area ulnari interiore latiore, apice obtusiore, angulo ejusdem apicali exteriore minus obtuso, fronteque paullo minus tumida differt. Fascia inter ocellos et oculos maculaque anterior verticis, angulus apicalis interior jugorum lora et clypeus nigra. Thorax macula anteriore, maculis duabus discoidalis, impressionibus, lateralibus et postica nigris. Scutellum maculis quattuor obtriangularibus normalibus lateribusque nodi apicalis nigris. Alse area anali leviter infuscata, basin et apicem versus obscuriore. Femora nigro vittata."
Hab. — Malayan Archipelago: Philippine Isles (Semper — Stockh. Mus.). 11. Tibicen pusillus.
Tettii/onia pusilla, Fabricius, Syst. Ebyng. p. 44, n. 59 (1803).
Tibicen pusillus, Stul, Hem. Fabr. ii. p. 8, n. 2 (1869).
The following is the full diagnosis of Stal, who examined the Fabrician type. " Gracilis, pallide testaceo-flavesceus, parce albido-sericeus ; capite, impressionibus obliquis vittaque angusta lateral! intramarginali thoracis, maculis duabus contiguis obovatis basalibus, vitta obliqua laterali, posterius abbbreviata, fascia angusta interrupta posteriore maculisque duabus parvis ante fasciam positis scutelli nigricautibus ; basi lateribusque frontis, macula clypei, basi verticis et macula minuta apicali jugorum pallide testaceo-flavescentibus, vitta media limboque postico thoracis pallidis; segmentis dorsalibus abdominis, excepto limbo apicali, in fusco-testaceum vergentibus, margine basali nigricante ; vitta cosarum anticarum, femoribus anticis subtus, femoribus posterioribus, parte superiore apiceque exceptis, nee noa apice tarsorum fusco-testaceis ; costa venaque radiali pallide flavescentibus, ilia extus fusca." " $ . Long. 12, lat. thor. 4, exp. tegm. 34 mill.
Hab. — Malayan Archipelago: Amboina (Mus. Fabricii).
ORIENTAL CICADIDJE. 13S Genus EMATHIA.
Ematliia, Still, Hem. Afr. vol. iv. p. 8 (18G6); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 229 (1885). Body robust. Head, including outer margins of eyes, narrower than base of mesonotum ; ocelli wider apart from eyes than from each other; front broad and prominent. Pronotum with the lateral margins straight, but arapliated at the posterior angles. Tympanal coverings rndimentary, the tympana practically exposed. Opercula small, not extending beyond l)asal segment of abdomen. Rostrum almost reaching the posterior coxse. Tegmina with the basal cell not quite twice as broad as long ; the interior ulnar area about equally broad at base and apex ; first and second apical areas equal in length ; apical areas eight in number. Wings with six apical areas.
This genus, closely allied to Tibicen, was founded bj' Stal for the reception of a single species at present only known from a restricted area of Continental India. 1. Emathia segrota. (Tab. XII., figs. 3, a, h.)
Emathia mjrota, Stal, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1866, p. 172, n. 1 ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. hii. p. 229, n. 69 (1885). TiUcen aurenyzehe, Dist. Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1881, p. 6-16; Atkins. .J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 231, n. 83 (1885).
S . Body above dull dark ochraceous. Head with the front margined anteriorly by two narrow black striae ; ocelli narrowly margined with black ; eyes pale ochraceous. Pronotum with a central longitudinal sulcation, bordered with a small fuscous spot on each side at anterior margin, and starting from a wide, transverse, and somewhat raised base, on the centre of which is a fuscous spot; fissures narrowly fusoons; lateral anterior and posterior margins much paler. Mesonotum with two short obconical central fuscous spots, and a large sublateral and somewhat broken fascia of the same colour on each side. Abdomen with the posterior segmental margins narrowly and obscurely paler. Body beneath concolorous ; centre of face, metasternum, disk and apex of abdomen, fuscous. Legs concolorous; femora streaked with fuscous; bases and apices of tibire, and apical joints of tarsi, also fuscous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline ; tegmina with the costal membrane and basal half of venation ochraceous, remainder fuscous; transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas, apical transverse vein to radial area, and apical vein to interior ulnar area, more or less infuscated, and with a small subapical fuscous spot. Wings with the base of upper apical area and the apex of abdominal area infuscated.
Face with the base much elevated, distinctly longitudinally sulcated, and strongly transversely striate. Rostrum about reaching posterior coxje, with its apex pitchy ; opercula slender, curved inwardly, but widely separated at base and apex.
Long. excl. tegm. ^ , 18 millim. Exp. tegra. 48 millim.
Hab. — Continental India : Bombay (Stockh. Mus.) ; Khandala (coll. Dist.). A typical specimen, kindly forwarded by Dr. Aurivillius, has enabled me to discriminate this genus, and to see that the species I had described as Tibicen aurengzebe was really the type of the same.
Genus CICADATEA.
Cicadatra, Amyot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. t. v. p. 153 or 3i9 (1847); Kolenat. Melet. Entomol. p. 9 (1857); Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. vol. xxx. p. 407 (1857).
Body robust. Head, including eyes, much narrower than base of mesonotum; ocelli wider apart from eyes than from each other. Pronotum broader than long, the posterior angles of the lateral margins
134 ORIENTAL CICADIDJE.
ampliated. Tympanal coverings rudimentary, the tympana practically uncovered. Opercula small. Tegmina moderately short and broad ; the basal cell twice as broad as long ; the interior ulnar area a little broader at apex than at base ; apical areas eight in number. Wings with six apical areas. This is a Palsearctic genus just entering the Oriental region by North-western India. Five species can now be enumerated, but doubtless others remain to be discovered. a.Tegminaandwingsspotted.
1. Cicadatra querula. (Tab. XII., figs. 2, a, h.)
Cicada querula, Pallas, Reise dureh versch. Provinz. Russ. Reichs, fc. ii. p. 729, u. 83 (1773); Linn. ed. xiii. Gmel. p. 2100, n. 95 (1782); Goeze, Ent. Beytr. ii. p. 151, u. 17 (1778); Hageu, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1856, p. 33, n. 5.
Cicadatra querida var. paliuri, Kolenat. BiUl. Soc. Nat. Mosc. vol. xxx. p. 412, t. vi. f. 5 (1857). Cicada steveni, St51, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1854, p. 243.
Cicadatra querula, Kolenat. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. vol. xxx. p. 410, n. 4 (1857); Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. ser. 4, vol.i.p.617(1861).
Cephaloxysquadrimdcula,Walk.ListHorn.i.p.238,n.9(1850).
Cicadatra quadrimacula, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 485.
Moi/annia quadrimacida, Atkins. J. A. S. Bang. vol. liii. p. 233, n. 93 (1885). Cicadanif/rosir/nata,MS.(Mils.Vienn.).
Stoll.Gig.fig.6.
J and 2 . Head and thorax above ochraceous or reddish-ochraceous. Head with the front, and a large broken transverse fascia between the eyes, black. Pronotum with two central longitudinal fasciae, — irregular in width, — the fissures, and a submarginal lateral fascia, black. Mesonotum with four obconical spots, — the central pair shortest and sometimes fused, — a lanceolate spot in front of the cruciform elevation, and a spot on each side of same, black. Abdomen sometimes ochraceous with a discal series of black spots, or altogether black with the posterior segmental margins ochraceous. Head beneath, sternum, legs, and opercula, ochraceous ; the face, sternal spots, shadings to femora, tibiae and tarsi (irregular in quantity), black ; abdomen beneath ochraceous, in some specimens black with the posterior segmentalmarginsochraceous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, somewhat talc-like in appearance, the venation — excepting sometimes towards apices — ochraceous ; tegmina with the costal membrane ochraceous, the transverse veins at the bases of the first, second and third apical areas — sometimes only the second and third — vei-y darkly infuscated ; a small costal spot at end of radial area, and the upi^er margin of basal cell, dark fuscous. Wings with the transverse veins at the bases of the first, second and third apical areas — sometimes only the first and second—broadly and very darkly infuscated. The rostrum has its apex black, and about reaches the posterior coxae ; the face is distinctly sulcated for its whole length, and is coarsely transversely striate.
Long. excl. tegm. <? and 2 , 19 to 25 millim. Exp. tegm. 50 to 65 millim. Hab. — Palaearctic Region.* — Persia (coll. Dist.). Turkestan : Tashkend (coll. Dist.). Afghanistan (Ind. Bound. Com. — coll. Dist.). Oriental Region. — Continental India: North India (sic) (Stevens — Brit. Mus.).
This well-known Palfearctic species evidently just enters our fauna at the north-western frontier of India. It was found not uncommon on the borders of Afghanistan by the Indian Boundary Commission.
*HabitatcircamareCaspictimadfluviiunWolqa,Terek,Cijrum,inEussiaemeridionalisadjacentibus^rouinciiiciset transcaucasicis,inSibiriieadjacentibus(Orenburg).—Kolenati,Bull.Soc.Nat.Mosc.t.xxx.p.411(1857).
ORIENTAL CICADIDjE. 185 *2. Cicadatra rugipennis. (Tab. XII., figs. 7, a, h.)
Cicadanoji/'cnnis,Walker,lus.Saund.Horn.p.17(1858).
" Male. Luteous-testaceous, stout. Prothorax much broader behind than in front ; sides straight ; sutures strongly marked. Abdomen with a blackish band on the fore border of each segment. Wings white, rather broad, very stout and very rugulose. Fore wings slightly convex in front ; costa and veins reddish, the latter black towards the tips ; first, second and third transverse veins and most part of the intermediate veins clouded with lilack ; first and second transverse veins oblique, nearly equal, parted from each other by rather more tlian their length ; third and fourth oblique in the contrary direction. Hind wings with a short angular black band in front at two-thirds of the length." " Length of the body 14 lines ; of the wings 40 lines."
Hab. — Continental India : Ilindostan (sic) (Brit. I\Ius.).
The specimen figured is that of the imique type in the British Museum. b.Tegminaalonespotted.
3. Cicadatra xantes. (Tab. XV., figs. 1, «, b.)
Cicada xantes. Walker, List Horn. i. p. 198, n. 149 (1850).
Cicadatraxantes,Stal,Ofv.Vet.-Ak.Fiirh.18G2,p.485.
^ . Body above ochraceous, rather thickly and shortly pilose. Head with the face castaneous, and with a black spot near inner margins of the eyes. Pronotum with two central longitudinal black fascia on disk, a small black central spot at base, and the fissures also blackish. Mesonotum with four obconical black spots, the central pair shortest. Abdomen very thickly greyishly pilose. Body beneath and legs ochraceous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline and somewhat talc-like in appearance, the venation ochraceous ; tegmina with the costal membrane and extreme base ochraceous, the transverse veins at the bases of the second and third apical areas palely infuscated.
Long. excl. tegm. ^ , 17 millim. Exp. tegm. 50 millim.
Hab.— Continental India : North India (sic) (Warwick— Brit. Mus.) ; " Ind. Orient." (sic) (coll. Dist.). I have only seen two specimens of this species,— one in the British Museum, the other belonging to my own collection. Both also have no definite habitat, with the exception of being undoubtedly from Continental India.
4. Cicadatra striata. (Tab. XV., figs. 2, a, b.)
Cicada striata. Walker, List Horn. i. p. 206, n. 158 (1850); Stal. Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forb. 1862, p. 482 (1850). Cicada ancea, Walk. List Horn. i. p. 207, n. 160 (1850); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. vol. liii. p. 229, n. 71 (1885). Cicadatra striata, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forb. 1802, p. 485.
Cicadatra anira, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 485.
Cicadasuhi-i'nv.'<a,Walk.Ins.Saund.Hom.p.18(1858).
,? . Head blackish, a spot at anterior angles of vertex, and a smaller one behind each eye, ochraceous. Pronotum dull ochraceous, a pale central longitudinal fascia margined on each side with blackish, the sublateral and subposterior margins and the fissures blackish. Mesonotum ochraceous, with four obconical black spots, the central pair of which are smallest, a large black spot in front of the basal cruciform elevation, and a similarly coloured spot on each side of same. Abdomen blackish, the posterior segmmtal margins castaneous. Head beneath blackish ; sternum, legs and opercula ochraceous ; coxse spotted with blackish. Abdomen beneath pale castaneous, its apex ochraceous.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline, with their extreme bases reddish-ochraceous ; tegmina with the venation and costal membrane mostly fuscous, the transverse veins at the bases of the second and third apical areas infuscated; wings with the venation mostly ochraceous. Long. excl. tegm. ^ , 16 millim. Exp. tegm. 45 millim.