GENUS CORETHRA 501 Table of the Species of the Gemts Corethra. I. With the wmgs spotted.
A. With the wmgs dotted or banded.
a. With the antennae banded.
1. Cor. pallida, Fabr. Ahnost colourless, but with a slightly reddish tint. Abdomuaal segments with the distal border black. Wings with one band.
2. Coi: Nyblcei (Zett.). Dull white. The abdomen, lateral hnes, and minute spots fuscous.
3. Cor. punctipennis, Say. Generally pale yellow, with dusky hairs and down. Wings with several clear brown spots. 4. Cor. gibba, Meigen. General colouration greenish. Wings with a single band. Characters of the legs and antennae not noted.
II. With the wings mispotted.
A. With the legs darker at the apices of the tibiae and tarsal joints. a. With the antennae unhanded (?).
5. Cor. pilipes, Gim. Legs frmged with long hairs on the mner and outer sides.
B. With the legs uniformly coloured. a. With the antennae banded.
6. Cor. plumicornis, Fabr. Pectus and sides of the thorax whitish.
7. Cor. Manillensis, Schiner. Thorax pale orange, with three longitudinal brown hnes.
b. With the antennae unhanded.
8. Cor. culiciformis, De G. Much darker in colouration than any of the other species.
9. Cor. flavicans, Meigen. General colouration yellowish. 10. Cor. rufa, Zett. Generally rufous, with bright brown thoracic marks. Legs more generally uniformly yellow. 11. Cor. obscuripes, Wulp. Generally darker than neighbouring species. Abdomen dark brown, with glossy greyish incisions. 12. Cor. fusca, Staeger. Almost black, with the abdominal segmentsbordered whitish, and the legs dirty yeUow. 13. Cor. Asiatica, sp. n. Pale straw-coloured throughout ; very hirsute, with indistinct thoracic ornament. 1. CORETHRA PALLIDA, Fabi.
Tipula pallida, Klass, "d Zoo," i, p. 34, and Fabr. " Ent. Syst." iv, p. 245 ; also GmelUn, "Syst. Nat." v, p. 2,026, Cor. pallida. Panzer, "Fauna Germanica," cix.
Wings with an oblique brownish band in the middle. Legs with numerous bands. Antennse black-ringed ; otherwise almost colourless.
502 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XV Meigen's specimen of this species in the Jardin cles Plantes is in a very bad state, even the wings being too mildewed to make out the venation, but the first sub-marginal cell seems very narrow, especially at thebase.
The specimen is very pale, with a slight tint of reddish. The eyes are black ; the antennae whitish, with a black band on each joint. Thorax with three clear brown stripes. Abdomen nearly white, with a narrow black band on the hinder border of each segment. Legs very pale and pubescent, with nine black bands on the femora and seven on the tibiae. Wings with the veins very white and pubescent, except the transverse veins which are brownish, so as to form an oblique spot on the middle of the wing. Length of the $ , 2i lines ; of the ? , 2 lines. Habitat. — Europe, England ; a comparatively rare species. 2. CORETHRA NYBLiEI (Zetteistedt).
Erioptcra nyhlai, Zett.
Wings with dusky spots and a band over the transverse veins. Legs with apical dusky bands on the apices of the tibiae and tarsal joints. Antennae banded.
Description from Zetterstedt, " Insec. Lapponica," Col. 830. ^ and ? . — Dull, whitish. Thorax with three brown lines, the middle one of which is double ; metathorax with a double spot, with points on the wings, the knees, and on the apices of the tibiae and tarsal joints fuscous. Entirely dull whitish and markedly villous. Antennae pale, with fuscous rings and long hairs ; palpi rather fuscous. Thorax with obscurely bordered brown lines, the lateral ones short and placed behind, the middle one double at the base and produced beyond the middle of the dorsum of the thorax ; metathorax with a double dusky brown spot. Abdomen rather flattened m the dry specimen, with a sometimes interrupted, fuscous lateral Ime, and very minute puncta of the same tint. Wings hyaline grey, with markedly villous veins, the villosity forming the dusky spots mentioned above ; the transverse veins drawn back into a semicircle beyond the middle of the wing and obscurely villous, so as to form a lunate band. Halteres white. Length. — Nearly 3 lines. Habitat. — Norwegian Lapland.
3. CORETHRA PDNCTIPENNIS, Say.
Cor. trivittata, Loew.
Wings with several clear brown spots. Legs with numerous brown dots. Antennae banded brown.
Although Loew's description is much the more complete, there can be little doubt that the above names are synonymous. Description from Say, " Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia," iii, p. 16, and from
GENUS COEETHRA 503 Loew. The shaft of the antennae distmctly banded brown, with yellowish-white hairs ; eyes black. Thorax with three yellowish-brown stripes ; the middle one smaller behind and the others smaller in front. Wings with extremely clear brown spots. Legs with numerous brown dots ; S' 1 very pale yellowish, clothed with long fuscous liairs and with down. Antennae banded black, with dense dusky verticils ; dorsum of the thorax marked with three black lines, the median one of which is doubled behind, while the lateral ones do not quite reach the front. Scutellum fuscous laterally. Metanotum nearly black. Abdomen with black bands. Legs pale yellow, the first tarsal joint somewhat fuscous from the apex ; the apices of the femora, and the bases and apices of the tibiae banded black. Wings ornamented with rather small greyish-black spots. Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings, 2^ lines. Habitat. — Maine, Osten-Sacken ; Pennsylvania, Say. Noted from the island of Porto Rico by V. von Roder, in " Entomolog. Zeitung." Stetin, 1885, p. 338.
4. CORETHRA GIBBA, Meigen.
Wings with an obscure band. Characters of antennae and legs not stated. Greenish.
Description from " Nouveau Diet. d'Hist. Nat.," article" Corethra.'' — Green, with the corselet elevated and prolonged in front, and the wings white and marked with an obscure band.
5. CORETHRA PILIPES, Gimmerthal.
Wings unspotted (?). Legs with apices of the tibiae and tarsal joints darker. Antennae unhanded (?). Legs beset with long hairs on the inner and outer sides.
Description from Gimmerthal, " Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes de Moscou," xviii, p. 279 (1845). — Head and thorax brown, the latter with some yellowish pubescence and scarcely visible darker stripes, the middle one of which is divided by a deeper longitudinal line ; palpi and antennae brown. Abdomen greyish-brown, with pale yellow incisurae, and long hairs on either side. Legs pale yellow ; the apices of the tibiae and of the tarsal joints brownish ; all the legs beset with long hairs on the inner and outer sides, which forms the distmguishing character of the species ; halteres dirty yellow. Wings yellowish on the costa. Length. — 3 lines (<?). Mr. Theobald believes this to be identical with Cor. Nyblcei. Habitat. — Riga.
6. CORETHRA PLUMICORNIS, Fabr.
Wings unspotted. Legs uniformly coloured. Antennae reddish, with brown bands. Abdomen pale brown.
504 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XV Description from Mr. Theobald's " rough notes." — Cor. Crysallinu, De G., Cor. lateralis, Latr. ; Cor. Hafniensis, Gimmel. This species can be at once distinguished from Cor. cuUciforniis by the brown banded, tastaceous antennae, and hy the pectus and sides of the thorax being whitish ; the abdomen is pale brown and hairj'. Legs pale testaceous and pubescent.
Habitat. — Europe, as far north as Denmark ; England. 7. CORETHR& MANILLENSIS, Schiuei.
Wings unspotted. Legs uniformly pale j'ellow. Antennte yellow with black rings. Abdomen without bands.
Description from " Reise der Novara," Diptera. p. 30. — Pale reddishyellow, the thorax dull, with three more deeply coloured, longitudinal stripes, the middle one of which, clearly defined elsewhere, is diffuse in front. Scutellum with a clearer median line. Abdomen somewhat glistening, with very delicate long hairs, the last two segments brownish The claspers of the male genital apparatus extend to a length exactly that of the last abdominal segment. Head clear yellow ; the eyes black the antennae yellow with black rings ; the tuft of plumes light brownish yellow ; the palpi clear yellow. Legs very pale yellow, almost whitish the tibiae fringed with long, but very fine hairs. Wings yellowish, with reddish-yellow veins, which are thickly fringed, the fork of the marginal veins somewhat longer than that of the discoidal veins. Length. — 2 lines (German).
The species corresponds m habit with Cor. pallens, Schmer, but can be distinguished at a glance by the uniform colouration of the legs. Habitat. — Manilla.
8. CORETHRA CULICIFORMIS, De Geer (1776).
= Tipula ciiliciformis, De Geer.
(M6m. pour serv. a I'Hist. d'Ins. vi, 372, De Geer ; Hist. Nat. Cr. et Ins. xiv, 288, Latreille ; Dipt. Beschr. i, 16, 2, Meigen ; Hist. Nat. Dipt, i, 47, 2, Macquart ; Regn. Anim. 2nd. edit.)
Wings unspotted. Legs uniformly coloured, xlntennae unhanded. Darker in colouration than most of the other species. Head chestnut-brown ; rostrum bi'own, with dark hairs ; palpi dark brown, with dark brown hairs ; eyes black and silvery ; antennae pale ochreous, with scarcely any trace of bandmg, and dark verticillate hairs. Thorax pale grey, with two broadish chestnut-brown median lines separated by a narrow pale line, with two broad lateral lines on the posterior half of the mesothorax, the space between them and along the sides and between the two median lines chestnut-brown ; golden-brown bristles over the roots of the wings, and narrow curved hair-like scales on the
GENUS CORETHRA 505 mesonotum ; scutelium pale ochreous, with a compound border of golden-brown bristles ; metanotum chestnut-brown, with darker centre ; pleurae pale ochreous. Abdomen pale yellowish to testaceous-brown, with long golden hairs, posterior borders of the segments with a narrow dark rim. Legs ochreous, with dark hairs, slightly dusky on the tarsi ; ungues equal, small, and brown in the J . Wings with a yellowish tinge, with dull yellowish hair-like scales and yellow veins. Length. — About 4'5 mm.
Habitat. — Europe generally.
9. CORETHRA FLAYICANS, Meigeu (" S. B." p. 248).
Wings unspotted. Legs unbanded. Antennae black, unbanded. Generally pale yellow.
There is a specimen labelled with this name by Meigen, in the Jardin des Plantes. Though not so colourless as Cor. pallida, it is of a very pale 3'ellow tint throughout, except the eyes, antennae, proboscis and palpi, which are all black. The thorax is glabrous, mainly chestnutbrown, with a fine median white line and two large, round, lateral snowy spots. The abdomen is of a pale ferruginous colour, the fore borders of the segments being rather darker. Legs pale ferruginous, without any markings. Wings pale iridescent yellowish, the veins of the same colour. Both the first sub-marginal and the second posterior cells are long and narrow, the former being a trifle the longer ; the bases of the cells are nearly opposite, their stems short and of nearly equal length. About the same size as C. Pallida.
Description from Meig. " S. B." p. 243. Yellow, with the sides of the thorax whitish ; clear yellow, ahnost sulphur-yellow on the hairs of the antennae and the legs. The thorax is whitish at the sides. Length. — 3, 21 lines.
Habitat. — The specimen in question is from Germany. 10. CORETHRA RUFA, Zetterstedt.
Wings unspotted (?). Legs sometimes with the joints apically banded. Antennae unbanded (?). Of a generally rufous colour with bright brown marks on the thorax.
Description from Zetterstedt, " Insec. Lapponica," 808. — Eufous with obscure brown marks on the thorax, dorsum of the abdomen fuscous, the legs yellow. ? , like Cor. plumicornis, F., but differently colom-ed, being entirely fuscous testaceous. Antennae often pale. Thorax with a double median stripe, and an ovate spot on either side, of bright brown. Abdomen pubescent, fuscous above, with a median testaceous line at the base, sometimes extending beyond the middle ; venter pale. Wings pale, with markedly villous veins ; halteres pale.
506 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XV Legs yellow, either spotless, or with the apices of the femora, tibitB, and tarsal joints fuscous. Length. — 3 lines, ffafti^fli.— Lapland.
11. CORETHRA OBSCURIPES, Van der Wulp.
Wings unspotted (?). Leg uniformly (?) dusky. Antennae unhanded (like Cor. rnfa). Of a generally more dusky tint than the neighbouring species.
Description from Van der Wulp, " Dipt. Neerlandica," i, p. 338 (1877). — Like Cor. rufa, Zett., but of a darker colour. Thorax ash-grey with dark brown bands ; the lateral band between the neck and the root of the wing narrow and light grey ; scutellum brownish. Abdomen dark brown, with glossy greyish incisions. Legs brownish -grey, the coxaB and bases of the feixiora yellowish : hairs on the ventral aspect brown ; halteres yellow. Wings of a grey tint, with light brown veins. Cor. culiciformis differs from this species in having the hairs of the abdomen yellow, while Cor. fwsca has the scutellum and legs alike yellowish.
Habitat. — Holland.
12. CORETHRA FUSCA, Staiger.
Wings unspotted (?). Legs without bands, or spots (?). Antennae unhanded (?). (Said to resemhle Cor. culiciformis.) Generally dusky-hlack.
Stagger's heading shows he is doubtful whether this be a new species, or identical with Cor. cidiciformis.
Description from Stseger, " Naturh. Tidsskr." (Kroyer), Bd. ii, p. 556 (1839). — Fuscous black ; the thorax behind with a lateral line and the scutellum pale ; antennae with black hairs. Distinguished from Cor. plmnicornis by its smaller size. Body dark brown with stiff hairs ; borders of the abdominal segments whitish. Legs dirty yellow. Lenfjtli. — 2i lines.
Habita t. — Denmark.
13. CORETHRA ASIATICA, Giles.
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xiii, p. 610.
Wings unspotted ; tarsi unhanded, generally pale straw coloured. The thorax with an indistinct darker median patch in front and a pair of lateral ones behind. Antennae without obvious banding.
THE ^DOMINA SUB-FAMILY 507 2 . — Head pale dusky brown ; eyes black ; rostrum and palpi duskybrown, hairy ; antennae very indistinctly banded brown and grey. Of a pale straw colour. Thorax with a median dark brown line, broad in front, narrowing behind, and two lateral dark brown patches behind on the mesonotum, separated by black specks. Abdomen straw-coloured, with dusky specks laterally, and darker at the base. Legs stout, pale, darker towards their apices. Wings yellowish, the veins very densely clothed with long hair-like yellow scales, specially long on the inner fringe, and with 4 barely internal to 3. Halteres pale yellow. — Length. — 2-3 mm.
Habitat. — Shahjahanpur, N.W.P., India ; taken in my dining room near a laiup. I was unable to find any further specimens, or the breeding place of the larvae.
Fig. 49. — Wing of Corcthra Asiatica, sp.n., magnified 20 diameters Genus XXIV. MOCHLONYX, Loew.
In this very peculiar genus the legs differ from those of all other members of the family in having the second tarsal joint longer than the first, instead of the latter being, as in the other genera, one of the longest in the entire appendage. Another singular point is that, vphile the imagines much resemble those of Corethra, the larvae are more like those of Culex.
Mr. Theobald, to whom I am indebted for the following diagnosis, is, I understand, of the opinion that in reality but one species, Mochlonyx velutimis, Euthe, can be considered as established, and that the others are but synonyms. In this genus the proboscis is much shorter than the head and thorax, but rather longer than the head. Palpi four-jointed, and twice as long as the proboscis ; antennee fifteen-jointed, the last two joints longest and verticillate ; joints increasing in size from base to apex. Tranverse vems rather more distant from the margm than in Corethra, otherwise much the same, the veins being very delicate ; the branches of the forked veins more than twice as long as their stems. Ungues large, with a distinct accessory tooth.
508 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XV 1. MOCHLONYX YELUTINUS, Euthe.
Thorax brown with golden-yellow hair and two closely approximated darker longitudinal stripes ; scutellum and metathorax also brown. Abdomen pale yellow with transverse brown stripes, which are clearer and broader on the hinder than on the fore segments, and on the last segment occup}' the whole of the upper side. Head, antennae and palpi brown, plume lighter, nearly rusty-yellow. Legs yellow ; tarsi brownish, ungues blackish-brown. Wings transparent, with golden-yellow veins clothed with scales.
Habitat. — Europe, including England.
Fig. 50. — Wing of Moclilonyx vclutiniis. From n pbotograph by Mr. G. C. Bignell, late R.M. L.I.
2. MOCHLONYX EFFOETUS, HaUiday.
Brownish-red, with yellowish down, almost of a golden gloss ; bands on abdomen longer ; front thickly clothed with yellow hairs. Palpi fuscous ; antennae fusco-ferruginous, paler at the base. Sutures of the thorax delicately marked with fuscous ; hinder edge of abdominal segments and lateral lines darker ; pleurae paler. Wings hyaline, a little yellowish towards the costa ; veins pale, fusco-ferruginous ; halteres pale with fuscous colouration at the tip. Legs pale ferruginous with fuscous hair ; hind femora slightly embrowned before their tips. Four 2 specimens in Mr. Clifton's collection. Not now traceable. Habitat. — England.
3. MOCHLONYX CULICIFORMIS (De Geer).
Meinert ; " Overs. K. Dansk A'idensk. Selsk," p. 16 (1883). Tiimla culicifcmnis, De Geer, "Mem. pour servir a I'Hist. d' Ins." vi, p. 2 (1776).
Fuscous brown with ferruginous hairs, thorax with an indistinct double median line ; metanotum blackish. Abdomen pallid, the dorsal terga for the most part densely sprinkled with dusky black. Palpi and antennae dusky black, the antennae of the ?