GENUS CULEX 391 boscis, subulate, strongly tufted, mainly yellow, but darker in the middle of the joints. Antennae of ^, nearly as long as proboscis. Pleurae marbled with yellow, brown and white ; scutellum pale ; ventral segments pale with dark hinder borders. Length. — 8 or 9 mm. Habitat. — Mexico, Brazil.
Note.— Thin is one of the largest and certainly the handsomest of all mosquitoes and can hardly be mistaken, unless indeed one chances to have read the original description.
3. CULEX HYRCANUS, Pallas.
(Keisen durch das Russisch. Reich. (1771).)
A grey species, rather hirsute, with a fuscous line down the abdomen ; wings with black spots along the costal margin. Described by Pallas in 1771. Found near the Caspian Sea ; not since recorded. In company with G. Gaspius (Pallas), but less common and vicious.
Nothing corresponding to this inadequate description has come to liand at the Museum.
4. CULEX ANNULATUS, Schrank.
= C. variegatus, Schiner = C. affinis, Stephens. (Beitr. zur Naturgesch. 97, 70; et Ins. Austr. 984, Schrank; Ent. Sj'st. iv, 400, 2, et Syst. Antl. 35, 4, Fabricius ; Syst. Beschr. i, 4, 2, et Klass. i, 2, 1, Meigen ; Dipt. n. d. France, 160, 1 ; et Suit, i, 35, 12, Macquart ; Ins. Lapp, 806, 1 ; et Dipt. Scand. ix, 3640, 8, Zetterstedt ; Fn. Austr. ii, 626, Schiner; Dipt. Neer, 325, Van d. Wulp ; Ins. Brit. Dipt, iii, p. 246, Walker ; Vent. Sp. Zan. Ital. p. 139 (1899), Ficalbi ; Ins. Austr. 983 (= variegatus), Schiner; Zool. Journ. N. 1 (1825) (= affinis) Stephens.)
Plate XV, fig. 12, ant. abd. segs., $ , contrasted with those of C. Ficalhii ; 15, Mid tarsal claws, ^ , contrasted with those of the same ; 19, Wing of $ ; 20, Cephalic appendages 3- ; 21, Tarsal claws, both sexes ; 22, External genitalia, ^ .
Wings with the costa unspotted, though brindled with brown and yellow scales ; but with five (or rarely four) tufts of long scales, viz., at origin of II. on the cross veins, and at forks of II., IV. and V. Tarsi with the upper three joints of the fore and mid, and the upper four of the hind legs with broad yellowish basal bands. Thorax brown with scattered golden scales, not noticeably marked. Abdominal segments black, with yellowish basal bands and anterior segments marked as in figure 12, pi. xv. Proboscis yellow, unhanded, though darker at base and apex.
392 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII Head brown, with scattered grey scales, and a slight frontal tuft. Ptilpi dark brown, those of ? with a pale spot in the middle ; those of $ slightly longer than the proboscis, with four yellowish bands, and dense tufts of hair in the middle and at base of the fourth joint. Legs dark brown with yellowish knee spots, and subapical bands on the femora, ventral segments pale, with apical black spots. Abdomen of $ , very narrow at base. Length. — About 10 mm.
Habitat. — Throughout Europe, also found in the Lower Himalayas, and doubtfully recorded from America.
5. CULEX FICALBII, Noe.
(Boll. d. Sec. Ent. Italiaua, xxxi, p. 231 (1899).) Plate XV, fig. 1, Wing of ? ; 13, ant. abd. segs. of S contrasted with those of C. annulatus ; 14, Fore and mid claws of 3 contrasted with the mid claws of C. annulatus.
Closely resembles G. annulatus, but the wing tufts are less distinct, and the other markings less brilliant. It differs in the femora having no subapical yellow garters ; the mid claws of 3 have two accessory teeth on the smaller claw and the anterior abdominal segments are somewhat differently marked {vide contrasted figures). In the specimens sent to the museum by Prof. Grassi the scales on root of II. are very long, but it is difficult to make out any tufted spots ; but this may be the result of rubbing. The stems of the fork cells ai-e also proportionally short, especially the hinder. Length. — About 12 mm. The wing of the ? in this museum is the largest I have traced. Habitat. — Italy, found only at Macarese and Pato. 6. CULEX SPATHIPALPIS, Eond.
(Dipt. Ital. Prodro. vol. i. (18SG) Rondani ; Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. p. 242 (1890) ; Venti Spec. Zan. Ital. p. 146 (1899), Ficalbi.) Plate XV, fig. 23, Wing of ? ; fig. 24, Cephahc appendages, <? ; 25. External genitalia, J .
Presents a close general resemblance to C. annulatvs, but has only three tufted spots on the wings, those at the bases of the fork cells being wanting, but it is certainly distinct, the 3 palpi being entirely different, shorter than the proboscis, but httle tufted, and spatulate, the last tw^o joints being expanded much as in Anopheles. The orbits and a median hne on the bead are white and the thorax has an indistinct median white
GENUS CULEX 393 stripe. The stems of the fork cells are very short. Length — About 7 to 9 mm.
Habitat. — Italy, Gibraltar (where it is known as the " dove mosqnito"), Lower Himalayas, where I took a specimen at Naini Tal, about 7,000 feet elevation.
Note. — Should fresh material from the Canaries show that this is synonymous with C. longiareolatus, Macquart, the present name must sink, as Macquart's description is of course much the older. 7. CULEX LONGIAREOLATUS, Macq. (Dipt. Exot. I, p. 34). (Dipt. Exot. i, p. M, Macquart ; Hist. Nat. des lies Canaries, Bertbelot.) Plate XV, fig. 4, Wmg of 3 .
Closely resembles G. spatJiijxilpis and probably identical. There is an additional tuft at the base of anterior fork, but there is always a tendency to this at the forkings in all these species with tufted wings. Although very long, the fork cells are proportionally shorter than in C. Ficalbii. The two specimens in the museum are very old and the collection of fresh material from the Canaries is hence a desideratum. Length about 9 mm. Habitat. — The Canary Islands.
8. CULEX s GLAPHYROPTERUS, Schiner (" F. E." p. 247). riate XV, fig. 2, Tarsal claws of ? ; 3, of S . Wings with black spots formed of accumulations of scales, arranged as in C. annulatus ; tarsi dark brown, without bands; thorax indistinctly ornamented ; abdominal segments nearly black, with white basal bands.
Antennae brown with the rotund basal joint yellow, and the plume brown ; nape with deep grey or brassy tomentum ; thorax generaUy brownish-yellow on the dorsum, with brassy or golden tomentum, usually four dark longitudinal lines can be made out ; pleurae ferruginous. Wings densely brown-scaled, accumulations of these determine the position of the spots in exactly the same situations as m C. annulatus ; hips and the roots of the coxae yellowish ; knees pure yellow ; tarsi black or nearly so. Abdominal segments neai'ly black, with a whitish anterior band, the last segment with most white. Length. — 9 mm.
Habitat. — Described by Schiner alone from Austria. A very elaborate supplementary description of this species is given in Ficalbi's " Venti Specie di Zanzare," 1899. In this the $ palpi are said to be moderately clubbed at the end, brownish-black, rather lighter at the base, but without adornment ; those of the ? are brownish-black.
394 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES — CHAPTER XIII with a short conical fourth jomt. The indistinct thoracic adornment consists of a median, two lateral and border lines of golden-yellow on a maroon-brown ground.
9. CULEX FULYUS, Wied. (A. Z. I, p. 546).
Wings with a brownish-black patch at the apex ; tarsal joints with yellow apical bands, lanugo smooth ; thorax not dorsally ornamented ; palpi longer than the proboscis.
Body black, witli yellow hairs, and the hmder legs banded brown. Length two and a half lines (Gei-man). 2 — Antennae brownish ; proboscis and palpi (which latter are somewhat longer than is lasual) goldenyellow, with brownish-black apices ; ground colour of the bodj^ glistening brownish-black, thickly beset with golden-yellow hairs, those on the abdomen being somewhat lighter, and on the incisurae abdoininis blackish. Wings, golden-yellow along the costa, and brownish-black at the apices ; legs golden -yellow; in the front legs, the extreme apex of the femur, tibiae, and foot-joints brownish-black on top ; the middle legs are missing, but the hinder legs have the femur and tibse also brownish-black at the apex, while the foot- joints, on the contrary, are much brighter, and brownish-black elsewhere ; the basal half of the second foot jomt also remams yellow.
Habitat. — Brazil.
10. CULEX PENETRANS, Desvoidy (P. E. p. 246).
Wings with five more or less distinct spots ; tarsi with yellow bands ; lanugo smooth ; thorax fulvous with two brown dorsal lines ; palpi of the male filiform.
In the 3" 1 the palpi are more filiform , than in C. armidatus ; the antenniB of the J are j^ellowish-brown ; in the $ , shorter and more plumose than in C. annulatus ; thorax fulvous, with two brown dorsal lines ; abdomen yellow, with brownish incisur* ; wings with yellowisli scales, and with five more or less distinct spots ; tarsi yellow with brown rmgs ; filiform, and pale yellowish in the 3" > with the third joint of the middle pair ciligerous. Length — 3 lines.
Habitat. — Fi-ance.
11. CULEX JAMAICENCIS, Theob. (Monog. I, p. 345).
Plate XV, tig. 5.
$ . — Wing with a single obvious spot, formed by a tuft of long scales at the origin of III., with the costa and long veins brindled with alternate patches of black and white scales. Tarsi sooty ; all joints of hind, upper three of mid, and upper two of fore legs
GENUS CULEX 395 ■with pale ferruginous basal bands, and an additional band across the middle of the hind first tarsal. Thorax with the dorsum black grounded, densely clothed with narrow curved yellow scales intermixed with long stiff black bristles. Abdominal segments sooty, with large triangular spots on their hind borders, with the apex pointing forwards. Legs and other appendages all speckled with white, exactly as in >S'. pipersalatus mihi. Head black-grounded, with black erect forked scales, and yellow narrow curved scales. Palpi unhanded, but brindled yellowish just at tip. Proboscis brindled, with an ill-defined band on which yellow scales preponderate, occiipving the middle third. Antennae fuscous. Legs brindled throughout, except on the tarsi, which are sooty, save on the light bands. There is a distinct patch oft yellow on the outside of the femora, just above their apices, and on the knees. Venter pale yellow. Length.- — About 5 mm.
Habitat, — Jamaica.
CULICES WITH UNSPOTTED WINGS.
The eleven preceding species may be said to have the common characteristic of mimicking the Anopliehtes ; and in any case, the spotting of the wing is so striking a character that, for purposes of tabulation, it is obviously desirable to keep them apart. For the same reason those of the plain winged species which present the easily-noted character of a banded proboscis have been tabulated in a group by themselves, although the plan involves their separation from species to which they are more naturally allied.
The remaining species are divided into two large series, viz., those with banded and unhanded tarsi respectively, and these are subdivided into groups according to the position of the pale tarsal banding and the decoration of the abdomen. As none have spotted wings, the note to that effect will be omitted in the remaining short descriptions.
In the majority of species the scales clothing the wings are of all one colour, though generally a little paler on the internal fringe, but in C. dorsalis, Meig., audits allies — Eondanis' C. penicilaris, C. pulchritarsis, and C. pidchripalpis, as well as in C. annulipes, C. solicitans, G. maculiventris, C. marinus and some others, they are " brindled," with intermixed pale and dark scales, which makes them look under the microscope as if peppered and salted, although it does not give rise to spotting. The remaining groups are then as follows : — A. Proboscis banded in one or both sexes = group II.
396 GNATS OK MOSQUITOES — CHAPTEE XIII ]i. Proboscis unbanded :
a. With the tarsi basally pale banded, but none of the joints entirelywhite=groupIII.
b. With the tarsi apically pale banded, but none of the joints entirely white = group IV.
c. With the tarsi banded on the articulations, but none of the joints all white = group V.
d. With one or more of the tarsal joints entirely white = group VI. e. With the tarsi unadorned = group VII. Group II. — Culices with Unspotted Wings bux with the Proboscis Banded.
a. With the tarsal joints basally pale banded. i. The abdominal segments with pale basal bands and lateral spots. 12. C. tainiorhijnclms, Wied. Band on proboscis nearer the base than the apex, ii. Abdominal segments with a pale median Hne connecting pale basal bands.
18. C. solicitans, Walker. Band on the middle of the proboscis broad and nearly white, iii. Abdominal segments with pale basal bands only. 14. C. Vlshnuli, Theobald. Band on proboscis, narrow, yellow, placed just outside the middle, hind tarsal joints banded. Both fore tarsal of (? toothed.
l."5. C. annulii-ostris, Skuse. Proboscis with a broad white band on the middle third. Thorax unadorned.
16. C. Bancroftii. Very doubtfully in this group as the proboscis is not stated to be banded. Thorax with a distinct white adornment.
17. C. sitiens, Wied. Band on proboscis yellow, narrow, outside its middle. Hind tarsi imbanded.
18. C. tritceniorhynchus, sjj. n. A broad yellow band on proboscis well beyond its middle, and with the tip, and a less sharply-delined band near the base, of the same colour ; tarsal bands very narrow.
19. C. confinnis, Arribdl. Band on proboscis very broad and near the base ; a very small and dark-tinted species, iv. With the abdommal segments apically pale-banded. 20. C. alblrostris, Macquart. The white band on proboscis occupies the greater part of its length, vi. Abdominal segments with pale lateral spots. ' 59. C. albitarsis, Theob., and 67. C. longipalpis. Van der Wulp. These species have two ill-defined bands on the proboscis, and so might be traced to this position. Their descriptions will be found below as their probosces are more likely to be regarded as unbanded.
GENUS CULEX 397 y. With the tarsi light banded "on the articulations" (two joints participating) .
i. Abdominal segments witli light basal bands (or median spots) as well as lateral spots.
21. C. annulioris, Theob. Median and lateral abdominal spots alike triangular ; band on proboscis yellow, occupying all its middle third.
22. C. plumosws, Theob. Median abdominal light patches lunate, lateral ones at mid-length of segments. Band on proboscis narrow, ferruginous, and in the middle. Large fore claw of (? with two accessory teeth ; anterior margin of mesonotum tufted.
23. C. Iiirsutipalpis, Theob. Median abdominal light patches lunate, lateral ones basal. Bands on proboscis median and broad. Large fore claw of 3" with one accessory tooth. 24. C. dissimilis, Theob. Median light abdominal patches lunate, traces of lateral spots on the hinder segments only. Band on proboscis, narrow, yellow, well beyond the middle. Large fore-claw of (J with an extra tooth.
25. C. Duttoni, Theob. Band on proboscis dull red on apical half. Thorax brown scaled with pale fore border and patches in the middle and over the roots of wings. iii. Abdominal segments adorned only with pale basal bands. 26. C. impellens, Walker. Tarsal bands very narrow, wings with 4 but little inside 3.
27. C. aniiulus, Theob. Tarsal bands very narrow, wings with 4 far intenial to 3.
28. C. cingulatus, Fabr. Tarsi banded on the articulations of hind legs only. Abdominal bands well-marked, semilunar. Proboscisbanded m the S^ only.
29. C. seciitor, Theob. Like C. ciririitlatus, but with the abdominal banding indistinct.
5. The tarsi unhanded.
v. Abdominal segment.s banded on bases and apices of contiguous segments.
30. C. infulas, Theob. Proboscis black, with a pale yellowish band in the middle, and a narrow one just inside its tip. 3L C. tigripes, de Grandpre et de Chariuoy. A band on the proboscis beyond its middle, sometimes incomplete above. Legs dark, marked, especially on the anterior borders of femora, with equidistant yellow specks.
12. CULEX TiENIORHYNCHUS, Wied.
= C. damnosus, Says (?) = C. confinnis, Arribdl (?). Tarsi black, with all the last and broad bands at the bases of the other four joints of the hind legs snowy-white ; the fore
398 GNATS OR MOSQUITOES— CHAPTER XIII and mid legs with the upper three tarsal joints basally white banded. Thorax fuscous grounded, densely clothed with narrow, curved, yellowish-brown scales and numerous long black bristles, exceptionally large tufts of which are found at the roots of the wings and on the lobes of the scutellum. Abdomen black, with very narrow cream-coloured basal bands to the segments, and brilliant lateral tufts of snowy scales placed rather nearer their bases than to their apices. Proboscis with a sharply- defined yellow band much nearer the base than the apex.
Head black grounded, the nape tinted with yellow, narrow, curved, and black erect forked scales ; antenna} black ; palpi, ? , nearly black, with yellow tips ; of <? , black at the base, golden brown at the tip, with basal snowy bands to the last three joints and a very large tuft of golden hairs sprmgmg from the lower surface of the apex of the third jomt. Wings with 2 nearly ii , but just internal to 3, 4 widely internal ; aux. junct. well outside 2. Femora pale below, black elsewhere, as also are tibiae but for a small knee -spot. Ventral segments dark, with square, yellowish basal marks. Length. — About 6 mm.
Habitat. — -St. Lucia, British Guiana, South America. 13. CULEX SOLICITANS, Walker.
( Insect. Saund. p. 427 (1S5G), Walker; Cir. No. 40, 2nd se. U.S.A. Dept. Agri. (1899), Howard.)
Wings mottled with brown and pale scales. Tarsi dark above l)ut paler on the end joints, with pale basal bands, except on the first joint of fore legs and on the end joints, which are almost too pale to show them, the first mid tarsal with an additional pale band in the middle. Thorax nearly black-grounded, densely clothed with golden-brown scales but unadorned. Abdomen with creamy-white to yellow scales, forming a central broad line and with basal white bands, with a dark brown to nearly black quadrangular patch on each side of the central mass of pale scales ; there are also white scales laterally on some of the segments. Proboscis with a broad, nearly white band in the middle. Bases of fork cells nearly even, and 4 about its own length inside 3.
? . — Head brown-grounded, densely clothed with golden scales, nearly black at the sides ; palpi dai'k with lighter tips. Scutellum with bright golden marginal bristles ; pleurae densely white-scaled. Legs rather light coloured, brindled with dark and light scales ; with white kneespots. Halteres testaceous with rather darker knobs. The species is very distinct and not in any way connected with Wiedemann's C. itcniorliynchus. Walker's type is in the British Museum, and is cer-