We would especially like to thank all schools, head teachers, senior teachers, Year 5 teachers, children and parents who participated in the study. We are very grateful to our international study collaborators: Professor David Dunstan (Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia), Professor Jo Salmon (Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia) and Dr Jérôme Gijselaers (Welten Institute, the Netherlands) for their continued support and advice throughout the study. We are also very grateful to the independent members of the TSC: Dr Emma Frew (chairperson, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham), Dr Kirsten Corder (Medical Research Centre Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge), Dr Marco Cattaneo (School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull), Ms Anita Selby (Grove House Primary School, Bradford) and Ms Caron Stone (Haworth Primary School, Keighley). We would also like to thank Ergotron, Inc.; the sit–stand desks used in this study were supplied via an in-kind donation from Ergotron. Ergotron played no role in the study design, data collection or data analyses, or in the preparation of this report. Ergotron have no relevant interests/rights in terms of project outcomes and uses.
This study was funded by the NIHR Public Health Research programme (project number 14/231/20) and supported by the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre – Lifestyle theme.
Contributions of authors
Stacy A Clemes (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-5898) (Reader in Active Living and Public Health) was the PI and had overall responsibility for the study. She drafted Chapters 2, 3 and 6 and provided a detailed review and edit of Chapters 1, 4 and 5.
Daniel D Bingham (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5809-7357) (Senior Research Fellow) was the local study co-ordinator in Bradford and was responsible for school and participant recruitment, and overseeing data collection. He was also responsible for the process evaluation and drafted Chapter 5.
Natalie Pearson (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2060-5966) (Research Associate) was a Loughborough-based study co-ordinator and was responsible for data management and the processing and scoring of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the ActiGraph data. She drafted Chapter 1 and contributed to the writing of the results presented in Chapter 3.
Yu-Ling Chen (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-4055) (Research Associate) was a Loughborough-based study co-ordinator (maternity cover for Natalie Pearson for part of the project) and was responsible for data collection and management, and the processing and scoring of the cognitive function and activPAL data. She contributed to the writing of the results presented in Chapter 3.
Charlotte Edwardson (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6485-9330) (Associate Professor in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Health) was responsible for the objective measurement of sedentary behaviour (activPAL) and physical activity (ActiGraph) and oversaw data collection, processing and interpretation of these data.
Rosemary McEachan (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-6675) (Born in Bradford Programme Director) was responsible for qualitative data collection, analysis, preparation and presentation of the qualitative results presented in Chapter 5.
Keith Tolfrey (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-1538) (Reader in Paediatric Exercise Physiology) was responsible for the physiological health assessments and oversaw data collection, processing and interpretation of these data.
Lorraine Cale (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1485-4499) (Professor in Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy) was responsible for the measurements of academic progress and in-class behaviour, and oversaw data collection, processing and interpretation of these data.
Gerry Richardson (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2360-4566) (Professor of Health Economics) was responsible for the analysis of the health economic data, and the preparation and presentation of the health economic results in Chapter 4.
Mike Fray (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6889-128X) (Senior Lecturer in Human Factors Design) was responsible for the assessment of postural comfort and for the in-class observations of intervention participants using their sit–stand desks. He oversaw data collection, processing and interpretation of these data.
James Altunkaya (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-3466) (NIHR Research Methods Fellow) undertook the analysis of the health economic data and drafted the health economic results presented in Chapter 4.
Stephan Bandelow (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8484-4707) (Senior Lecturer in Psychology) was responsible for the measurements of cognitive function and oversaw data collection, processing and interpretation of these data.
Nishal Bhupendra Jaicim (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-0388) (Medical Statistician) was responsible for the statistical analysis, and the preparation and presentation of the quantitative results.
Sally E Barber (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9872-6106) (Principal Research Fellow) assisted the PI with the day-to-day management of the trial, provided expertise in children’s health behaviour interventions and health inequalities within the Bradford setting, and oversaw the Bradford-based research staff.
All authors were members of the internal Project Committee for the trial, read drafts and provided revisions on the content of the report and gave final approval for submission.
Publications
Clemes SA, Bingham DD, Pearson N, Chen YL, Edwardson C, McEachan R, et al. Stand Out in Class: restructuring the classroom environment to reduce sedentary behaviour in 9- to 10-year-olds – study protocol for a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2018;4:103.
Clemes SA, Bingham DD, Pearson N, Chen YL, Edwardson CL, McEachan RRC, et al. Stand Out in Class: restructuring the classroom environment to reduce sitting time – findings from a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020;17:55.
Data-sharing statement
All data requests should be submitted to the corresponding author for consideration. Access to available anonymised data may be granted following review.
Disclaimers
This report presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, the NIHR, NETSCC, the PHR programme or the Department of Health and Social Care. If there are verbatim quotations included in this publication the views and opinions expressed by the interviewees are those of the interviewees and do not necessarily reflect those of the authors, those of the NHS, the NIHR, NETSCC, the PHR programme or the Department of Health and Social Care.