Contributions of authors
Mari Imamura (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-0354) (Research Fellow) conducted both the quantitative and qualitative evidence syntheses and the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) analysis (screening of search results, data collection, risk-of-bias assessment, data extraction, description of included studies, interpretation and tabulation of findings), contributed to the development of the research protocol and drafted the initial version of this report.
Clare Robertson (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-6795) (Research Fellow) conducted both the quantitative and qualitative evidence syntheses and the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) analysis (screening of search results, data collection, risk-of-bias assessment, data extraction, description of included studies, interpretation and tabulation of findings), contributed to the development of the research protocol and drafted the initial version of this report.
Jemma Hudson (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6440-6419) (Medical Statistician) conducted all statistical analyses, interpreted the results of the quantitative synthesis and drafted the results section of the quantitative evidence synthesis.
Daniel Whibley (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-7158) (Assistant Professor) contributed to the development of the research protocol, interpreted all results and analyses, and contributed to the writing-up.
Lorna Aucott (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-7972) (Senior Medical Statistician) provided guidance and advice on the statistical analyses, interpreted the results of the quantitative synthesis and contributed to the writing-up.
Katie Gillies (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-2854) (Professor of Health Services Research) contributed to the development of the research protocol, provided oversight of the synthesis of qualitative evidence and the PROMs analysis; interpreted their results and contributed to the writing-up.
Marcus Beasley (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-386X) (Research Fellow) contributed to the synthesis of qualitative evidence (data extraction, data analysis and writing up).
Martin J Stevens (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6142-5278) (Research Fellow) contributed to the synthesis of qualitative evidence (data extraction, data analysis and writing up).
Paul Manson (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1405-1795) (Information Specialist) was responsible for developing and running all literature searches, obtaining full-text papers, building EndNote libraries, and compiling the reference list of this report.
Debra Dulake (https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4193-343X) (patient partner) was actively involved in all stages of the project, contributed to the development of the research protocol, interpreted the results, drafted the patient involvement section, chaired PPI meetings, and led the development of dissemination activities.
Abhishek Abhishek (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-4919) (Professor of Rheumatology) contributed to the development of the research protocol, provided expert advice, and interpreted results.
Nicole KY Tang (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7836-9965) (Professor of Clinical and Health Psychology) contributed to the development of the research protocol, provided expert advice, and interpreted results.
Gary J Macfarlane (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2322-3314) (Professor of Epidemiology and Dean of Interdisciplinary Research and Impact) conceived the idea of the project, contributed to the development of the research protocol, provided expert advice, and interpreted results.
Miriam Brazzelli (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7576-6751) (Professor of Health Services Research) was the principal investigator, conceived the idea of the project, had overall responsibility for the project, drafted the research protocol, interpreted results, and drafted and edited this report.
All authors provided comments on draft versions of this report and approved its final version.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the researchers, health professionals and patient partners who were involved in the Advisory Group and specifically to Pamela Andrews, Scottish Medicines Consortium and National Cancer Medicines Advisory Group, Healthcare Improvement Scotland; Filip Bellon, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universitat de Lleida, Catalonia, Spain; Carolina Climent-Sanz, Universitat de Lleida, Catalonia, Spain; Daniel Clauw, Professor of Anesthesiology Medicine (Rheumatology) and Psychiatry at the University of Michigan; Anna Durrans, Research Programme Manager, Versus Arthritis; Michael Prior, patient partner from Nottingham; Des Quinn, chair of Fibromyalgia Action UK; Neil W Scott, Medical Statistics Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen; David Walsh, Professor of Rheumatology at the University of Nottingham and Consultant Rheumatologist at Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. We also thank Catriona Young, postgraduate student, University of Aberdeen, for her help in assessing a sample of full-text papers that were initially excluded because they did not report sleep outcomes in their title or abstract, and Beverley Smith and Anne Buckle for their secretarial and administrative support.
Data-sharing statement
This is an evidence synthesis and network-meta analysis; all quantitative data and main relevant qualitative data are presented in the text or contained within tables, figures and appendices. No new data, suitable for data sharing, have been created in the preparation of this synthesis. All queries should be submitted to the corresponding author for consideration. Access to full verbatim quotes extracted from the included qualitative studies may not be granted due to copyright issues.
Ethics statement
This is a synthesis of published or publicly available evidence and no primary research data were collected as part of this project. Ethics approval was not needed.
Information governance statement
There were no personal data involved in the preparation of this report.
Disclosure of interests
Full disclosure of interests: Completed ICMJE forms for all authors, including all related interests, are available in the toolkit on the NIHR Journals Library report publication page at https://doi.org/10.3310/GTBR7561.
Primary conflicts of interest: Abhishek Abhishek has received grants from the American College of Rheumatology, the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology, AstraZeneca and Oxford Immunotech. He has also received payments from UpToDate and Springer, and consulting fees from NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Limbic and Inflazome. Additionally, he occasionally receives fees for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing, and educational events from Cadilla Pharmaceuticals and Janssen Pharmaceuticals. Abhishek Abhishek also participates on the NIHR HTA Prioritisation Committee B (In hospital) 2022–7. Miriam Brazzelli participates on the NIHR HTA Commissioning Committee 2023–8. Katie Gillies reports consulting fees from Boehringer & Ingelheim and participation on the NIHR HTA Clinical Evaluation and Trials Committee 2020–5. Lorna Aucott participates on the NIHR PHR – Research Funding Board 2017–23. Martin J Stevens reports research grants from European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR). Nicole KY Tang reports grants from NIHR, UKRI MRC and Midlands Engine and participation on the NIHR PGfAR Trial Steering Committee.
Publication
Hudson J, Imamura M, Robertson C, Whibley D, Aucott L, Gillies K, et al. Effects of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for the management of sleep problems in people with fibromyalgia: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [published online ahead of print February 10 2025]. Arthritis Care Res 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.25505
Disclaimers
This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, the NIHR, the HTA programme or the Department of Health and Social Care. If there are verbatim quotations included in this publication the views and opinions expressed by the interviewees are those of the interviewees and do not necessarily reflect those of the authors, those of the NHS, the NIHR, the HTA programme or the Department of Health and Social Care.