Material in this chapter has been reproduced with permission from Elfeky et al.2 This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The text below includes minor additions and formatting changes to the original text.
Compared with low FiO2, high FiO2 (80%) is unlikely to have a large beneficial or harmful effect (RD of ≥ 5% point), except for a potentially large effect of increased atelectasis. Evidence is insufficient to confirm or rule out a moderate to small effect of high versus low FiO2 for various outcomes.
Compared with COT, postoperative NIV has little or no effect on mortality and pulmonary aspiration. NIV may reduce other adverse respiratory events but the evidence is insufficient to precisely quantify the magnitude of the benefits or to identify important effect modifiers.
Evidence is insufficient to confirm or rule out a potentially large beneficial effect or a moderate harmful effect on various respiratory outcomes for postoperative HFNO compared with COT.