The RADAR study investigators (see Principal investigators) oversaw the participation of their site research team in the RADAR study, and oversaw the recruitment of participants and their involvement throughout the study, in accordance with the trial protocol, with the help of their teams.
Principal investigators
Dr Elizabeth Coulthard (site 10), Dr Kirsty Harkness (site 11), Dr Tarun Kuruvilla (site 12), Dr Rupert McShane (site 13), Dr Peter Connelly (site 15), Professor John Starr (site 16), Dr Gordon Duncan (site 16), Dr Lucy Calvert (site 17), Dr Alasdair Lawrie (site 18), Dr Matthew Sheridan (site 19), Dr Bernard Udeze (site 20), Dr Stephen Pearson (site 21), Dr Tobias Langheinrich (site 22), Dr Andrew Tarbuck (site 23), Dr Suvarna Wagle, (site 23), Dr Joe Butchart (site 24), Dr Ajay Macharouthu (site 25), Dr Andrew Donaldson (site 26), Dr Wendy Neil (site 27), Dr Vivek Pattan (site 28), Dr David Findlay (site 29), Professor Alan Thomas (site 30), Dr Madhusudan Dalvi (site 31), Dr Rashi Negi (site 32) and Dr Bernadette McGuinness (site 33).
The RADAR study investigators would like to give thanks to various important groups of people who made the conduct of this study possible.
We would like to thank every participant and their study companions who consented, for their time, commitment and generosity, which allowed us to undertake this important research study.
We would also like to thank the many members, past and present, of the UCL-DRC team, who played a vital role in the QA review process for all the MRI scans across all the RADAR Centres. Special thanks go to Lloyd Prosser, Maggie Fraser, Laila Ahsan and Jana Kilmova for their ever present help and enthusiasm.
We would like to extend our sincerest thanks and support to all current and previous members of the TSC [Professor Jenny Rusted, University of Sussex (chairperson), Professors Clive Holmes (University of Southampton) and Anthony Bayer (Cardiff University), and Dr Ly-Mee Yu (Oxford University) and Mrs Susan Marshfield, Mrs Aileen Wilson and Mr Bill Mitchell (as our lay members)] for the continuous advice, support and encouragement throughout the conduct of the study. We would similarly like to thank the members of the DMEC [Professor Craig Ritchie, University of Edinburgh (chairperson), Professor Paul Gard (Brighton University), and Dr Sayeed Haque (Birmingham University)] for their time, effort and advice while reviewing data throughout the study.
We would also like to thank each and every member of research teams working to support the RADAR study investigators at every site, including research nurses and allied professionals, local pharmacists, radiographers and other staff related to individual centre involvement in the study as well as members of research and development teams at individual sites for supporting the research teams in adopting the study and for their continued involvement in the study.
Participant centre staff
Site 10, North Bristol NHS Trust (number of randomised participants, 20): H Archer, E Bellavia, S Dillon, L Doran, S Dunn, C Godwin, J Haworth, S Holloway, B Knight, B Owen, V Page, C Pennington, N Rosewell, D Rouse, A Sahni, J Selwood, K Sharma, J Thai, A Wilson and L Wilson.
Site 11, Sheffield Teaching Hospital Trust (number of randomised participants, 13): S Anderson, R Ashek, D Backburn, J Bigley, K Birchall, K Bouakline, J Bray, D Capener, R Clegg, G Cole, A Emery, J Green, C Hammerton, N Hoggard, A Howell, D Jarvis, E King, V Murray, A Patel, T Standering, C Wells and H Young.
Site 12, 2gether NHS Foundation Trust (number of randomised participants, 9): A Ajuili, M Ansell, M Biju, E Bowditch, J Bridge, E Burgess, B Cartwright, A Cox, R Crees, H Dryden, C Dukes, K Hackling-Searle, M Harvey, K Kelly, S Little, M Manju, C Martinez-Clavera, L Moore, D Ogden, E Phillips, G Riley, J Romer, J Spurway, E Tait, L Walker and A Walters.
Site 13, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust (number of randomised participants, 18): J Adams, M Akinola, L Benjamin, P Blunden, S Chilcott, M Clarke, D Cooper, C Dransfield, J Fodor, S Gallehawk, A Haddon-Silver, J Hume, O MacDonald, D McConnell, A McIntyre, A Murphy, D Sharma, M Turnbull, Dr Van Der Pott and G Willoughby.
Site 15, NHS Tayside (number of randomised participants, 15): J Anderson, T Chalmers, K Ferguson, D Findlay, N Gandhi, M Hepburn, J Hudson, E Law, A Maxwell, C McCaw, C McDonald, M Semple, T Stewart, Z Tayar, M Tsoumalis and L-A White.
Site 16, NHS Lothian (number of randomised participants, 11): A Anand, G Barclay, C Beveridge, R Buchan, A Cairns, J Carruthers, S Christison, M Cockburn, A Degnaw, S Denham, M Dewar, F Dougherty, G Fraser, G Gentle, E Hall, I Hamilton, J Hartley, C Jardine, J Kerr, L Kesseler, L Killin, M MacRury, G Marwick, D McIntyre, L Melvin, M Murphy, M Parra, N Rangolan, T Russ, E Sandeman, A Shaw, S Simpson and C Sutherland.
Site 17, NHS Borders (number of randomised participants, 7): G Barclay, I Hamilton, B McInally, D McIntyre, M Muir, E Nicol, E Sandman, C Sutherland, S Wiseman and S Wright.
Site 18, NHS Grampian (number of randomised participants, 14): J Adams, F Annison, D Christie, M Christie, P Cooper, N Crouch, E Darling, L Drever, M Hendry, B Jazpal, A Johnson, K Klaasen, M Lloyd, B MacLennan, N Massoud, A McBain, K McClelland-Brookes, C Meneses, C Napier, L Reid, S Scott, C Stewart and B Was.
Site 19, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (number of randomised participants, 11): R Ashworth, E Campbell, E Jackson, C McNeill and V Smith.
Site 20, North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust (number of randomised participants, 3): P Andrews, C Ault, M Booth, D Brockley, S Coates, R Cope, M Dale, G En-Nimr, C Fabian-Ezorizu, L Forrester, T Harrison, C Hudson, S Hussain, L Jackson, K Jones, J Joseph, S Knight, J Lee, K Mason, P May, S Morrey, E Onwuharine, M Slater, K Smith, V Smith, R Sutton, C Tan, R Tarbick and E Williamson.
Site 21, Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust (number of randomised participants, 9): M Allison, KB Almedilla, E Arbury, H Bearne, C Campbell, M Costelloe, G DeSelincourt, C Dixon, N Donlin, B Finson, J Garfield-Smith, B George, C Good, H Griffin, A Hartford-Brown, A Henderson, K Horan, K Huggett, B Hulance, K-A Kelley, A Kennedy, M Kenny, A Khalil, C Maddison, M Maddock, N Mann, C Manyoni, Dr Marshall, A Mullinger, R Newman, L Paatz, D Pearce, N Portwine, B Reed, F Roger, H Shiels, S Smith, M Stone, S Szago, A Thornton, L Thornton, C Tsane, A Vian and S Wright.
Site 22, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust (number of randomised participants, 13): B Blackledge, J Brooke, A Burke, S Corbett, L Craven, AS Francis, L Hankinson, M Howard-Johnes, M Jones, V Parker, N Seferta, E Shields, Dr Skampardoni, M Tayler, N Thomas and B Whitnall.
Site 23, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust (number of randomised participants, 9): K Clipsham, N Gill, Z Inman, K Kumar, C Rischmiller and C Sheldon.
Site 24, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust (number of randomised participants, 5): C Browning, T Chapter, A Foden, G Githens-Mazer, A Grice, R James, A Kennedy, T Malone, R Newman, C O’Reilly, J Richards, E Robjohns, S Statton, S Todd, N Walker and F Walters.
Site 25, NHS Ayrshire and Arran (number of randomised participants, 5): D Gilmour, K Greig, J Kerr, L McNeil, J Mitchell, G Scott, S Waltos and M Wilson.
Site 26, NHS Lanarkshire (number of randomised participants, 7): T Baird, K Dempsey, M Fernon, S MacFadyen, C McNeill, R Routh, R Smit and V Smith.
Site 27, Leeds & York Partnership NHS Trust (number of randomised participants, 9): R Asquith, S Bennett, M Dixon, C-J Girling, L Hackney, Z Jawaid, L Kelly, J Kemp, A Locker, D Reynolds, C-B Romain-Hooper and E Sellers.
Site 28, NHS Forth Valley (number of randomised participants, 9): R Ashworth, C Duncan, L Dymock, J Hudson, A Maxwell, E McLennan, C McNeill, B Wong and R Woodward.
Site 29, NHS Fife (number of randomised participants, 2): N Attalla, C Cliff, F Davey, M Simpson and J Tait.
Site 30, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust (number of randomised participants, 7): R Barber, A Byrne, G Cass, M Chinnasamy, S Edwards, R Gore, H Lynn, D Miller, D O’Donnell, A O’Reilly, H Pilkington, C Price, M Price, L Robson, K Walker and J Wilkinson.
Site 31, Kent and Medway NHS and Social Care Partnership Trust (number of randomised participants, 4): J Coombs, C Cowley, J Dalton, L Elias, J Field, L Hall, A Hammond, H Hedihy, M Howard, B Metelerkamp, P Smith and A Welfare-Wilson.
Site 32, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (number of randomised participants, 8): M Ahmed, S Anumanchi, S Bates, R Beckett, M Bodice, E Busby, K Cullinan, P Dolby, E Glaves, E Godwin, L Hamilton, D Handuwalage, S Lavender, A Nash, E Nazir, K Needham, C Silva, A Stuart, R Sutton, A Taylor, L Tudor, R Walsh, C Winkle and V Worsell.
Site 33, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (number of randomised participants, 3): A Clinton, P Gray and B Wells.
Finally, the RADAR study team would like to thank the BRTC for hosting this study and for its support throughout. We would also like to thank some previous members of the BRTC for their contributions. These include Professor Alan Montgomery, Dr Jo Simons and Hannah Baber for their earlier involvement in setting up the RADAR trial, and Marie Platt, Sam Lamprey, Jo Chambers and Jo Pollitt for providing administrative support during the study. Thanks also go to Dr Taya Thomas and Laura Palmer for help with co-ordination of the retrieval and processing of volunteered biosamples for the study. The RADAR team would also like to thank members past and present in the NIHR project management team and within the NIHR Journals Library for their guidance and help throughout the conduct and completion of the study.
Contributions of authors
Patrick G Kehoe (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-1139) (Professor of Translational Dementia Research) was chief investigator of the trial, led on the drafting and co-ordination of the completion of the report, and oversaw the analysis.
Nicholas Turner (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-6997) (Senior Research Associate in Medical Statistics) was a statistician who undertook the final analysis for the study and also served to support the preparation of data and worked to support the work of the DMEC, and contributed to completion of report.
Beth Howden (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7824-0803) was the trial manager of the RADAR trial, created the first draft and contributed to the completed report.
Lina Jarutyte (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7559-9877) (PhD student) was a researcher who undertook some of the ASL analysis and contributed to completion of report.
Shona L Clegg (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7118-2540) (Imaging Trial Project Manager) was a collaborative researcher who provided guidance and advice in the development of the MRI protocols for the RADAR trial, developed and undertook the training and site validation protocols for all sites with respect to their fulfilment of the MRI protocols and performed a substantive role in QA analysis of scans in the data collection period of the study, and contributed to completion of report.
Ian B Malone (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-7856) (Postdoctoral Research Associate) provided tools and advice for the imaging analysis and contributed to the completed report.
Josephine Barnes (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-025X) (Associate Professor) visually assessed and checked WMH and contributed to the completed report.
Casper Nielsen (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7112-9595) (Clinical Trials Software Development Manager) provided tools and advice for the imaging analysis and contributed to the completed report.
Carole H Sudre (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-428X) (Research Fellow) processed the longitudinal WMH volumes used and contributed to the report.
Aileen Wilson (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8692-2273) (Radiographer) undertook the visual assessments of all quality-assured vMRI scans for the entire study at the CRIC Bristol to provide the baseline Scheltens scores for all participants that were used at randomisation as well as at the end of the study.
N Jade Thai (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6125-7326) (Senior Research Fellow) undertook the visual assessments of all quality-assured vMRI scans for the entire study at the CRIC Bristol to provide the baseline Scheltens scores for all participants that were used at randomisation as well as at the end of the study.
Peter S Blair (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7832-8087) (Professor of Epidemiology and Statistics and Senior methodologist for the BRTC Unit) was a co-investigator on the study and grant co-applicant, was a senior methodologist and senior statistician for the study, and contributed to completion of report.
Elizabeth J Coulthard (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0017-9595) (Associate Professor in Dementia Neurology) was a co-investigator on the study, provided clinical expertise and assisted with initial protocol design and application, led one of the recruiting sites in the study, and contributed to completion of report.
J Athene Lane (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-4925) (Professor of Trials Research) was a co-applicant and contributed to the trial conduct and to the completion of the report.
Peter Passmore (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2858-5509) (Professor of Ageing and Geriatric Medicine) provided clinical expertise and assisted with initial protocol design and application, and contributed to completion of the report.
Jodi Taylor (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7171-8923) (BRTC Senior Trials Manager) provided oversight for the trial manager and trial administrator and served to support the trial in meeting the sponsor’s requirements in the conduct of the study. She also provided advice and support on the trial protocol.
Henk-Jan Mutsaerts (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-0307) (Research Physician) carried out the ADAS-Cog data analysis, provided supervision and contributed to the drafting and revision of the manuscript.
David L Thomas (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1491-1641) (Principal MRI Physicist at the Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neurology Centre) was a collaborative researcher who provided guidance and advice on the development of the MRI protocols for the RADAR trial and help and advice particularly in the analysis of the ASL analysis.
Nick C Fox (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6660-657X) (Professor of Clinical Neurology) was the team lead in the collaboration with UCL for all MRI-related training and scan acquisition and QA analysis, provided clinical expertise and assisted with initial MRI protocol design and grant application.
Ian Wilkinson (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-9399) (Professor of Therapeutics) was a co-investigator on the study and clinical lead for the RADAR trial. He was involved in the design of the study and its funding application and in the overall oversight of the study, as well as the interpretation and completion of the final report.
Yoav Ben-Shlomo (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-3007) (Professor of Clinical Epidemiology) was a co-investigator, helped with the funding application, helped with designing the protocol, oversaw the running of the study, helped with the statistical analysis plan, contributed to the interpretation of the results and modified the initial draft of the report.
Publications
Kehoe PG, Blair PS, Howden B, Thomas DL, Malone IB, Horwood J, et al. The Rationale and Design of the Reducing Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease through Angiotensin TaRgeting (RADAR) trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2018;61:803–14.
Clement C, Selman LE, Kehoe PG, Howden B, Lane JA, Horwood J. Challenges to and facilitators of recruitment to an alzheimer’s disease clinical trial: a qualitative interview study. J Alzheimers Dis 2019;69:1067–75.
Kehoe PG, Turner N, Howden B, Jarutyte L, Clegg SL, Malone IB, et al. Safety and efficacy of losartan for the reduction of brain atrophy in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease (the RADAR trial): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol 2021;20:895–906.
Data-sharing statement
All data requests should be submitted to the corresponding author for consideration. Access to available anonymised data may be granted following review.
Patient data
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Disclaimers
This report presents independent research. The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, the NIHR, the MRC, NETSCC, the EME programme or the Department of Health and Social Care. If there are verbatim quotations included in this publication the views and opinions expressed by the interviewees are those of the interviewees and do not necessarily reflect those of the authors, those of the NHS, the NIHR, NETSCC, the EME programme or the Department of Health and Social Care.