Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases, Front matter | Chemistry 2e

Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases

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Learning objectives

Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases
Acid or BaseAcids and bases are commercially available as aqueous solutions. This table lists properties (densities and concentrations) of common acid and base solutions. Nominal values are provided in cases where the manufacturer cites a range of concentrations and densities.	Density (g/mL)This column contains specific gravity data. In the case of this table, specific gravity is the ratio of density of a substance to the density of pure water at the same conditions. Specific gravity is often cited on commercial labels.	Percentage by Mass	Molarity
acetic acid, glacial	1.05	99.5%	17.4
aqueous ammoniaThis solution is sometimes called “ammonium hydroxide,” although this term is not chemically accurate.	0.90	28%	14.8
hydrochloric acid	1.18	36%	11.6
nitric acid	1.42	71%	16.0
perchloric acid	1.67	70%	11.65
phosphoric acid	1.70	85%	14.7
sodium hydroxide	1.53	50%	19.1
sulfuric acid	1.84	96%	18.0

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