69. CHRYSOGORGIA. 45 Lithoprimnoa arctica, G. Gntbe, Abh. d. schles. Ges.f. Naturw. u. Med. 1861, p. 165.
Hal. North Sea; Setubal (Prof. E. P. Wright); England (Johnson). " Trunk large, arborescent, branching in a dichotomous manner, often very thick and stony near the base ; branchlets round, tapering to slender flexible points. Cells large, campanulate, irregularly scattered ; the cells are capable of moving in different directions, but in preserved specimens are generally turned downward. (Coll. Essex Inst.) St. George's Bay and Bay of Fundy, in deep waters ; Northern Seas of Europe." — Verrill, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. i. p. 9. 67. THOUARELLA.
Coral simple, with long, simple, filiform branches, spreading on all sides of the stem. Bark formed of large imbricate scales. Polypecells smooth, bell-shaped, scattered on upperside of branches, covered with four or five series of imbricate scales.
Primnoa, § 2, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 483.
144. Thouarella antarctica.
Primnoa antarctica, Valenc. Voy. Venus, t. 12. f. 2 ; Milne-Edw. ty Haime, Corall i. p. 140; Gray, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 286. 1859, p. 483 ; Kottiker, Ic. Hist. p. 135.
Hob. Falkland Islands.
68. HOOKERELLA.
Coral erect, fan-shaped, pinnate ; branches simple, nearly parallel. Bark and polype-cells covered with large imbricate scales. Polypecells bell-shaped, contracted at the base, open and fringed with larger scales at the mouths ; in close series on the upper and lower sides of the branches, opposite to each other.
145. Hookerella pulchella.
Hob. Antarctic Ocean, 2 inches high. From Dr. Hooker's drawing no. 255.
69. CHRYSOGORGIA.
Coral branched at the base ; branches thread-like, cylindrical ; branchlets cylindrical, subequal, far apart. Bark thin, very brittle, covered with small scales. Polype-cells bell-shaped, sessile, contracted at the base, squamose, with a broad 8-lobed terminal mouth, placed irregularly far apart. Axis very short, amber-coloured. Chrysogorgia, No. 1, Duchass. 8f Michel. Corall. Antilles, Suppl. pp. 107 Like Riisea, except that the cells are sessile, not peduncled. Nearly allied to Verrucella ; but the bark is less consolidated, and the cells further apart and elevated. Described by M. Duchassaing and Michelotti twice over, once in Primnoacecv, p. 107, and again in Gorgonellacece, p. 115.
46 146. Chrysogorgia Desbonni.
Coral small, branched at the base ; branches very slender. Bark white, thin; cells far apart, three or four times as thick as the branches ; axis yellow.
Crysogorgia Desbonni, Duchass, &• Michel. Corall. Antilles. Suppl. p. 107, t. 1. f. 7, 8, £. 115, t. 4. f. 5, 6. Riisea, tkichass. fy Michel. Corall. Antilles, Suppl. p. 108. Riisea parnula, D. fy M. 1. c. p. 104.
Hob. Guadaloupe ; 3 or 4 inches high.
t Polype-cells ovate, pendulous, in series on the two sides of the axis. 70. MYURA.
Coral elongate, simple. Bark white. Cells elongate, incurved, in two rows, one on each side of the stem, in an attenuated series ; lateral groove distinct.
Myura, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1859, p. 484.
147. Mynra simplex.
Simple, filiform, whitish ; cells claviform, transversely ridged, ascending, incurved, placed in alternate rows, one on each side of the stem.
Gorgonia myura, Lamk. Mem. n. 23, Hist. A. s. V. ii. ,• Lamx. Polyp. Flex. p. 420.
Muricea myura, Dana, Exp. p. 675. n. 84.
Primnoa myura, Milne-Ediv. Corall. i. p. 142, t. 2 B. f. 3 ; Kdlliker, Ic. Hist. p. 135, 1. 17. f. 14.
Myura simplex, Mus. Paris; Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 484. Hob. ?
71. FANELLIA.
Coral branched in a plane, flabelliform, consisting of several large branches arising from near the base, which give off alternately from each side numerous long, slender, acute branchlets, which rise at a very acute angle with the main branches, and are often again subdivided in the same way ; branches and branchlets strongly compressed in the plane of the branches. Axis delicately striated, stony near the base, brown ; the branchlets yellowish white, thick, tips setaceous. Height 24 inches; diameter of longitudinal branches \ inch. Coenenchyma and polype not observed.
148. Fanellia compressa.
Primnoa compressa, Verrill, Proc. Essex Inst. 1865, p. 189. Hob. Aleutian Islands.
72. RIISEA.
Coral branched, paniculate. Bark thin, cretaceous, smooth, with a distinct lateral groove. Cells alternate, largely pedicelled, bell-
74. THESEA. 47 shaped, with eight thick ribs ; aperture closed with eight valves, striated longitudinally. Axis calcareous.
Herophylla, Steenstrup, Over. K. D. V. S. 1860, p. 121. Riisea, Duchass, 8f Michel. Corall Antilles, p. 18 ; Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 140, t. 18. f. 1 (Rusea, by misprint).
Riiseee, Sars.
This genus is allied to FunicvMna in the structure and disposition of the polypes when Funiculina begins to detach its branches. Arranged with Primnoacece by Dr. Kolliker.
149. Riisea paniculata.
Coral slender ; bark orange, with a groove on each side of the principal branches ; axis striated, yellow.
Riisea paniculata, Kolliker, Ic. Hist. 1. 15. f. 7, 1. 18. f. 1, 2 ; Duchass. $ Michel. Corall Antilles, p. 18, t. 2. f. 1, 2, 3. Herophylla regia, Steenstrtip, Overs. K. D. V. S. 1860, p. 121. Hob. Barbadoes (Riise) ; 2 feet high and £ foot in expanse with the root.
B. Polype-cells short, broad, in alternating series on the two sides of the branches.
73. SWIFTIA.
Coral branched. Bark thin, squamulose, without any spicules. Cells prominent, like mammae, squamose, striated, mouths terminal, in alternate series, one on each side of the branches. Polypes cylindrical, hardened, with large decussated spicules externally. Axis ?
Swiftia, Duchass. 8f Michel. Corall. Antilles, Suppl. p. 107. 150. Swiftia exserta.
Coral on a plane ; branches and branchlets subdichotomous ; cells prominent, alternate.
Gorgonia exserta, Solander fy Ellis, Zooph. t. 15. f. 1 ; Lamx. (not Thesea exserta, Duchass.}.
S wiftia exserta, Duch.fyMich. Corall. Antilles, Suppl. p. 107, t. 2. f. 4,5. Hob. Island of St. Croix.
74. THESEA.
Coral branched ; branches slender. Bark formed of small scales and superficial spicules. Cells pustuliform, subalternate on the branches ; outer surface formed of scales, and aperture terminal and radiate. Axis corneous (insoluble in muriatic acid). Thesea, Duchass. fy Michel. Corall. Antilles, p. 18 ; Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 137, t. 17. f. 18 (not G. exserta, Solander $ Ellis). Bark externally squamulose, internally with numerous spicules; cells externally scaly, subalternate, prominent ; mouth radiated. When the outer scales have fallen off, the bark is like Ads, Duchassaing.
Intermediate between Muricca and Primnoa.
48 151. Thesea exserta.
Coral branched ; terminal branches very slender ; bark very thin, deciduous, white, formed of scales ; polype-cells very far apart, exserted, with eight valves.
Thesea exserta, Duchass. fy Michel. Corall. Antilles, p. 18 ; Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 137. t. 17. f. 18 (spicules) (no* G. exserta. Solander & Mlis).
Hob. West Indies.
152. Thesea guadalupensis.
Thesea guadalupensis, Duchass. 8f Michel. Corall. Antilles, Suppl. p. 106, t. 2. f. 2, 3.
Coral branched ; branches flabellate, not coalescing, subequal, slender, rigid, few in number ; bark white ; cells subalternate, distant, like mammae.
Hob. Guadaloupe.
C. Polype-cells cylindrical or clavate, opposite, diverging from the branches in two lateral series.
75. STENELLA.
Coral fan-shaped, in one plane, branched ; branches furcate, radiating, slender. Bark thin, of thin scales. Cells cylindrical, opposite, in a series on each side of the branches, projecting nearly horizontal, covered -with large scales, and closed with three horizontal valves. 153. Stenella imbricata. B.M.
Primnoa imbricata, Johnson, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 245; Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. 1863, xi. p. 299.
" White, having a tendency to branch dichotomously in one plane ; the branches slender, flexible, not plume-like, and not anastomosing. Axis pale brownish yellow, spineless, obscurely striated, effervescing in hydrochloric acid, coated with small white scales composed of carbonate of lime. Over the lower coating of scales there is another coating of larger scales, with a wide space between the two ; the outer coat, which is easily removed, appears to be attached to the peduncles of the cells. These peduncles are in closely set whorls of three or four, each of which expands into a cup -like cell, having its mouth closed in the dead coral with eight scales that have their apices in contact. The peduncles project at right angles from the stem, and are also clothed with scales.
"This is a much more delicate form than Primnoa lepadifera, in which species the pedunculated cells appear to be arranged spirally on the branch.
" Two specimens of this elegant Primnoa have been obtained, the larger of which has a height of 8| inches, with a width of 11 inches. It was attached to a piece of Lophohelia (Oculina) prolifera. The whorls of the pedunculated cells are about three-twentieths of an inch apart, and the peduncles about the same in height. The principal
77. PRIMNOELLA. 49 branch, near the hase, has a diameter of one-fifth of an inch. The smaller example has been deposited in the British Museum." — Johnson, I. c.
ffab. Madeira.
Fig. 14.
Stenettaimbricata.
I). Cells close side by side, forming rings round the stem and branches. 76. NARELLA.
Coral fan-like; branches cylindrical, dichotomous. Bark thin, white, fugacious, composed of small, thin, angular, plate-like spicules. Cell papilionaceous, whorled ; whorls forming cylindrical rings round the stem.
154. Narella regularis.
Primnoa regularis, Duchass. $ Michel. Coratt. Antilles, p. 17, 1. 1. f. 12, 13 ; Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 135, t. 17. f. 13. Hob. Guadaloupe.
77. PRIMNOELLA.
Coral simple, elongate, cylindrical. Axis continued, stony. Bark granular, smooth. Polypiferous cells numerous, close-pressed, subcylindrical, regular, small, placed in close regular circles, each containing many cells round the stem ; each cell covered with two series of small imbricate scales.
Primnoella, Gray, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 285 ; 1859, p. 483.
50 PRIMNOAD^.
155. Primnoella Australasias. B.M.
Coral elongate, cylindrical, simple, unbranched, rather tapering ; cells numerous, placed in close regular circles round the stem, each formed of two series of imbricate scales.
Primnoa Australasias, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 146, t. 2. f. 8, 9 ; Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. 1850, p. 510.
Primnoella Australasia, Gray, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 286 j 1859, p. 483. Hob. Australasian seas, on oyster-shells and stones. Virgularia australis, Lamk. A. s. V. ed. 2. ii. p. 648 ; Ehrerib. Corall. r. M. p. 35, t. 3 j Herklots, Not. p. 13.
Sagitta marina alba, Rumph. Mm. p. 34. n. 1 j Amb. vi. p. 256 j Seba, Thes. iii. t. 114. f. 2.
Seba represents this species as fixed to a stone. If this is the case, it must be Primnoella Australasia?, the axis of which exactly fits this description: — Axis cylindrical, subulate, very long, white, stout, truncated at the thickest end ; the fracture radiately striated. 156. Primnoella vetusta.
Leiopathes vetusta, Michel.
Juncella vetusta, Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 176, t. 14. f. 12. Primnoa vetusta, Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 176, t. 14. f. 9. Hob. ?
t Polype-cells sunken, even with the surface of the bark. 78. DICHOTELLA.
Coral cylindrical, tapering, branched ; branches dichotomus, diverging. Bark moderately thick, granular, friable, brown. Polypecells small, oblong, not elevated, in several longitudinal series on the edges of the branches in a quincunx, each placed in the middle of the upper margin of a white irregular- shaped scale ; lateral lines very indistinct. Axis cylindrical, tapering, deeply longitudinally striated, hard, stony, calcareous, dark grey, tapering to a very fine point.
157. Dichotella divergens. B.M.
Branches dichotomous, cylindrical.
Hal. ?
In a bad state, with the greater part of the bark lost, and only showing the polype-cells in two or three small spaces. E. Polype-cells short, cylindrical, ascending, on each side of the axis. 79. BEBRYCE.
The coral is slender, cylindrical, elongate, furcately branched, with short, ascending, subcylindrical polype-cells, alternately on the sides of the stem and branches ; polype-cells with eight valves.
79. BEBRYCE. 51 " Coral tree-like, fixed, with a solid central horny flexible axis, and a spongy bark filled with calcareous particles. Polypes scattered, far apart, and not retractile." — Philippi.
Bebryce, Philippi, Arch. Naturg. 1842, pp. 1, 35, 1. 1. f. 1 j Milne-Edw. $ Haime, Corall. i. p. 187 j Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 137. M. Valenciennes believes it is the axis of a Gorgonia covered with a colony of Sympodium coralloides. Professor Kolliker refers this genus to the family Primnoacea (Ic. Hist. p. 137). 158. Bebryce mollis. B.M.
Bebryce moUis, Philippi, Wiegm. Arch. 1842, p. 33, 1. 1. f. 1 j Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 137, 1. 18. f. 1, 2, 3.
Hob. Mediterranean.
Bark in the dry specimen formed of two layers of spicules, which are very different from those in any other known coral. They are scale-like, with a central contraction, with more or less toothed processes, which project outwards from the middle of its length. The large scales have smaller and the narrow scales stronger median prominences, which are conical and branched at the tips (see Kolliker, 1. 17. f. 2, 3). The spicules of the polype are warty.
Gray, John Edward. 1870. "Catalogue of lithophytes or stony corals in the collection of the British Museum." Catalogue of lithophytes or stony corals in the collection of the British Museum 1–55.
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