49. VIMENELLA. 29 broad, with a sunken line. Polype-cells cylindrical, prominent, in three or four series on each edge of the stem. Axis grey, calcareous. Junceella, sp., Valenc. ; Milne-Edw. # Haime, CoraU. i. p. 186. 117. Viminella juncea. B.M.
Coral very long, flagelliform.
Gorgonia juncea, Ellis fy Solander, Zooph. p. 81. Juncella vimen, Milne-Edw. fy Haime, Corall. i. p. 186. Hab. Isle of Bourbon.
118. Viminella flagellum. B.M.
Coral tall and simple, with the very prominent warts curved inwards and arranged crowdedly in a band on each side of the axis, leaving a wide naked space on each side ; colour white ; axis greyish white, stony, and rigid.
Juncella extans, Verrill, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. p. 37. Juncella fiVellum, Johnson, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 505, Ann. $ May. Nat. Hist. 1864, p. 142.
Hab. Azores (MacAndreiv ; B.M.} ; Fayal ( Verrill) ; Madeira (B.M.}.
119. Viminella hystrix.
"Coral simple, slender; cells very prominent, tubular." Junceella hystrix, Valenc. Comptes Rendus, xli. p. 14 ; Milne-Edw. Corall. i. p. 186.
Hab. Bahia.
120. Viminella laevis.
Coral tall, simple, subcylindrical, rather slender, diminished in size, both at the summit and near the base, where the polypes become obsolete. Cells appressed, scarcely prominent, arranged in two broad bands, leaving d narrow median naked space on each side, along which there is a luell-marlced groove ; they are placed alternately, at a distance of about •§• inch, in about six vertical rows on each side, producing a quincunx arrangement. Axis slender, cylindrical, calcareous, white, surrounded by about sixteen longitudinal lobes, two of which are larger and correspond with the lateral grooves, the others with the rows of polypes. Length of single imperfect specimen 20 inches ; diameter | inch. Colour yellowish brown, in alcohol. Juncella lams, VerriH, Proc. Essex Imt. 1865, p. 189. Hab. Hong-Kong.
121. Viminella (?) santa crucis.
Coral simple, rigid ; axis cylindrical, yellowish, slender ; bark cretaceous, white ; cells irregularly disposed in a double row on each edge of the stem, unequal, some twice as large as others, smooth, terminal, small, and radiated ; lateral area flat and naked, with a central groove.
Juncella santa crucis, Duchass. Sf Michel, Corall. Antilles, Stippl. p. 113, t. 2. f. 1.
Hab. Island of St. Croix.
30 ELLISELLAB^E.
50. RETICELLA.
Coral fan-like, branched ; branches inosculating from a network. Bark rather thin. Polype-cells wart-like, prominent on the sides of the branches. Axis calcareous, white.
Verrucella, § 1, Milne-Ediv, 8f Haime, Coratt. i. p. 184. The sections are wrongly placed in Milne-Edwards and Haime's * Coralliaires,' i. p. 184.
122. Reticella flexuosa.
Coral very much branched, fan-shaped, yellow brown ; branches sometimes coalescing, but generally free, rather swollen near the end ; bark thick, corky, very friable ; polype-cells large, rounded, placed laterally.
Gorgonia flexuosa, Lamk. H. A. s. V. ii. p. 314. Gorgonella flexuosa, Valenc. I. c. p. 14 ; Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 140. Verrucella flexuosa, Milne-Edw. fy Haime, Coratt. i. p. 184. Hob. China?
51. BRANDELLA.
Coral very much branched, very slender, linear ; branches diverging, pinnate, and nearly parallel to each other ; branchlets pinnate, Fig. 8.
Brandetta intricata.
53. WRIOHTELLA. 31 opposite or alternate, diverging at nearly right angles, often sinuous, inosculating, uniting the diverging parallel branches into an irregular network. Bark, when dry, very thin, almost membranaceous, smooth, and slightly wrinkled. Polype-cells on all sides of the branchlets, alternatp or opposite, cylindrical, short, smooth externally, with a convex 8-valved top. Axis very slender, thread-like, except the main stems, calcareous, hard, pale horn-colour, very brittle.
Brandella, Gray, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. 1869, iii. p. 22. 123. BrandeUa intricata. B.M.
Coral fan-shaped, expanded. Stem very irregular ; branches and branchlets regularly pinnately disposed, forming an irregular network; some of the uppermost branchlets free.
Raynerella aurantia, Gray, 1. c. p. 22.
Hab. Bass's Strait, Dewi Reef (T. M. Rayner}.
52. VERRUCELLA.
Coral much branched ; branches free. Bark rather thick, smooth, spongy, and granular within. Polype-cells wart-like, very prominent on the edges of the branches. Lateral line smooth, narrow. Axis calcareous, branched, white.
Verrucella, § 2, Milne-Edw. $ Haime, Corall i. p. 184 ; Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 140.
Gorgonella, sp., Valenc. Comptes Rendus, xli. p. 14. 124. Verrucella guadalupensis.
Coral arborescent, fan-like ; branches diverging ; branchlets slender. Bark pale yellow, granular; axis whitish. Lateral grooves very narrow and deep ; polype-cells conical on the sides of the branches. Verrucella guadalupensis, Duchass. 8f Michel. Corall. Antilles, p. 33, t. 4. f. 5, 6, Suppl. p. 114; Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 140, t. 14. f. 5, 6, 1. 19. f. 10, 11.
Hob. Guadaloupe.
Differs from V. violacea in the white granulations. See : — 1. Verrucella granifera, Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 140, 1. 19. f. 5. Hob. Coast of Africa.
2. Vemicella ramosa, Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 140. Hob. Nine Island.
53. WRIGHTELLA.
Coral slender, rather compressed, furcately branched, of nearly the same diameter to end, expanded in a plane ; branches slender, diverging, rather compressed. Bark white or crimson, thin, with a
32 ELLISELLAD^E.
well-marked lateral impression, with a powdery surface. Polypecells convex, compressed, rather far apart on the sides of the compressed branches, with a central circular impression. Axis calcareous, articulated ; joints elongate, translucent, cylindrical, strongly angularly longitudinally grooved ; internodes very short, contracted ; branches from the internodes.
" The coral articulated ; the long joints or nodes are solid, composed of spicules tightly packed together, and are fluted. The internodes are small, and composed of a mass of loosely compacted spicules ; the structure of the spicules of the central substance is straight ; some of them are almost fac-similes of those figured in Kolliker's Icon. t. xix. f. 38-39."— P. Wright, Feb. 9, 1869. 125. Wrightella chrysanthos. B.M.
Coral furcately branched ; branches divergent, compressed. Bark white. Tentacles yellow. Axis white.
Hob. Seychelles (Dr. Perceval Wright}.
126. Wrightella coccinea. B.M.
Coral branched ; branches divergent, compressed. Bark and axis bright scarlet ; surface of bark retractile.
Hob. Seychelles (Dr. P. Wright} ; Ceram.
54. HELIANIA.
Coral arboreous, dichotomously branched ; branchlets subsecund, ascending, divaricate ; lower branches sometimes inosculating. Bark granular, hard, even. Cells produced, subcylindrical, short, rather incurved, placed in two, three, or four alternating series on the sides of the branchlets, and scattered rather irregularly on the branches. Axis hard, continuous, grey brown, calcareous.
Heliania, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 480.
127. Heliania spinescens. B.M.
Coral rather fan-like, more or less twisted ; branches, especially the lower, conical, acute, spine-like, sometimes inosculating ; upper branches subsecund.
Heliania spinescens, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859,' p. 481. Hob. Philippines (Cuming).
55. PHENILIA.
Coral tree-like ; branches short, subquadrangular, divaricating, sometimes coalescing, forming an irregular netted frond ; branchlets subclavate, some free. Bark granular ; lateral groove distinct, scarcely sunken. Cells large, sunken, in two or three irregular rows on each side of the branches. Axis solid, hard, calcareous, horn -coloured. Phenilia, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 482.
HYPNOGOKGIAB.E. 33 128. Phenilia sanguinolenta. B.M. Coral yellowish ; branches flexuous, interwoven ; branchlets short, clavate, diverging ; cells large, dark brick-red, making the coral look as if spotted with blood. Phenilia sanguinotenta, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 482. ?
Fig. 9.
Phenilia sanguinolenta.
b. Bark formed of large imbedded spicules ; polype-cells adpressed to the sides of the branches, covered with well-marked spicules, mouth of cell Fam. 15. HYPNOGORGIAD^E.
Coral branched ; branches numerous, drooping, pendulous ; branchlets subopposite. Bark rough, with naked spicules. Calyces adpressed, adnate to the sides of the branches, formed of spicules, mouth large, ciliated. Axis calcareous, black. D
34 CALLIGOPvGIAD.E.
. 56. HYPNOGORGIA.
Characters of the family.
Hypnogorgia, Dttchass. $ Michel. Corall. Antilles, S^lppl. p. 115. MM. Duchassaing and Michelotti (Z. c.) observe, " The disposition of the cells is sufficient to distinguish this genus from the genus Blepharogorgia, established by Mr. Gray in the Zoological Journal." I have not established any genus of that name ; but they have described one themselves at p. 109 (Corall. Ant.) ; so it may be a slip of the pen.
129. Hypnogorgia pendula.
Coral branched in a plane ; branches very numerous, drooping, and pendulous ; branchlets subopposite ; cells alternate or opposite, rather far apart. Axis black ; bark purplish white. Hypnogorgia pendula, Duchass. & Michel. Corall. Antilles, Suppl. p. 113, t. 5. f. 2.
Hab. Guadaloupe.
c. Bark formed of flat scales ; polype-cells prominent, tubular or bellshaped; scales very small.
Fam. 16. CALLIGORGL41LE.
Coral simple or flabellate, on one plane. Bark thin, formed of flat, angular, granulous spicules. Polype-cells subcylindrical, incurved, placed in whorls or in lateral series, with one, two, or three cells in a series. Axis hard, stony, calcareous, inarticulate, white or grey.
Primnoacea (part.), Milne- Edw. fy Haime, Corall. i. p. 140 ; Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 135.
Synopsis of Genera.
* Polype-cells subcylindrical, incurved at the apex. Baric white.
1. CALLIGOEGIA. Coral fan-like ; branchlets pinnate. Cells in •whorls. Stem and branches cylindrical.
2. XIPHOCELLA. Like Callogorgia, but stem and branches compressed.
3. PLTJMARELLA. Coral fan-like ; branchlets pinnate. Cells in two marginal series.
4. CALLICELLA. Coral fan -like ; branchlets furcate, diverging. Cells in whorls.
57. CALLIGORGIA. 35 5. SCIRPEARIA. Coral simple. Cells in two marginal series. 6. RAYNERELLA.
** Polype-cells cylindrical, diverging at right angles with the stem or slightly ascending. Baric brown.
7. NICELLA. Coral fan-like, dichotomously branched. * Polype-cells incurved, in whorls or opposite. 57. CALLIGORGIA.
Coral forked, fan-shaped, white ; stem and branches cylindrical ; branchlets pinnate, branched, diverging, forming a network, but free. Axis continuous, stony, subcylindrical. Bark thin, white, formed of flat angular imbedded granules. Cells in whorls of three, cylindrical, incurved, covered with small imbricate scales.
Callogorgia, Gray, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 286 ; 1859, p. 484. Primnoa, § BJB, Milne-Edw. fy Haime, Corall 1857, i. p. 140. 130. Calligorgia verticillata. B.M.
Coral elongate, round, pinnate; branches alternate, setaceous, rather branched ; pores verticillate, rather horn -like. Lithophyton, Maccjill Hist. Mar. p. 101, t.20. f. 94-96. Keratophyte or Sea-feather, Ellis, Corall. p. 60, t. 26. f. S, T, V. Gorgonia verticillata, Pallas, Zooph. p. 177 ; Gmel. 8. N. Gorgonia verticillaris, Solander fy Ellis, Zooph. p. 83 ; Lamk. Mem. Mus. ii. p. 446, Hist. A. s. V. ed. 2. ii. p. 507 ; Lamx. Polyp. Flex. Primnoa flabellum, Ehrenb. Corall. r. M. p. 134. Primnoa verticillaris, Ehrenb. Corall. r. M. p. 133 ; Ko'lliker, Ic. Hist. p. 135, 1. 17. f. 12 ; Milne-Edw. $ Haime, Corall. i. p. 140. Muricea verticillaris, Dana, Exp. p. 675. no. 83 (note). Hob. Mediterranean ; Madeira (Masson, B.M.). Var. Polype-cells 10 or 20, in whorls.
Gorgonia verticillaris, Esper, Pflanz. i. p. 156, t. 42. Primnoa flabellum, Ehrenb. Corall. p. 134; Milne-Edw. Corall. i. p. 141 ; Kolliker, Ic. Hist. p. 135, 1. 16. f. 3, 1. 17. f. 11. Callogorgia flabella, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 484. Hab. Eed Sea.
Var. Polype-cells small, 4, in whorls.
Primnoa verticillaris, Col. du Mus. Paris, fide Milne-Edrv. Corall. \. p.141.
Primnoa gracilis, Milne-Edw. Corall. i. p. 141. Callogorgia gracilis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 484. Hab. West Indies.
"I refer Primnoa verticillaris, Ehrbg., to this species. Several branches, 8 or 10 inches long, obtained in 120 fathoms, oif Sand Key, Florida. Compared with specimens from the Azores, in the Mus. Comp. Zool., some slight differences in the length of the calycles
36 CALLIGORGIADJG.
and size of the scales were noticed ; but they are not deemed sufficient to warrant a specific separation." — Pourtales, Bull. Mus. Com)). Zool 1868, p. 130.
58. XIPHOCELLA.
The stem and branches compressed; edge sharp, shelving, and toothed by the scars of the branches ; the rest like Calligorgia. Hal. ?
131. Xiphocella Esperii. B.M.
Gorgonia verticellata, Esper, Zooph. t. 42. Hob. ?
59. PLUMAEELLA.
Coral fan-shaped, forked, expanded ; branchlets pinnate, opposite or alternate. Bark thin. Cells elongate, clavate, incurved, alternate, in two rows on each side of the stem. Axis continuous, stony.
132. Plumarella penna. B.M.
Ashy, laxly branched, flattened ; branches furcate, pen-like ; pinnules two-rowed, crowded, filiform ; cells papillary, ascending, tworowed.
Gorgonia penna, Lamk. Ann. du Mus. ii., Hist. A. s. V. ii. p. 323. Gorgonia plumosus, Mus. Paris, 1843. Primnoa plumatilis, Rousseau. MS. Mus. Paris : Milne-Edw. Cor all. i. p.141.
Callogorgia plumatilis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 484. Var. Branchlets alternate.
Hob. New Holland.
A large and fine species, like a large Sertularia, branched and pinnate in a single plane. Polype-cells ascending like those of Calligorgia verticillata, but alternate and two-rowed. G. plumosa. — Frond flat ; branchlets opposite, pinnate, with two rows of paired cylindrical tubercles. Axis hard, rather stony (Mus. Paris, 1848).
60. CRICOGORGIA.
Coral branched, expanded on a plane. Stem slender, cylindrical ; branches slender ; branchlets pinnate, very slender, opposite or alternate. Polype-cells prominent, very close together, in a series at each side of the branchlets.
Cricogorgia, M.-Edw. fy Haime.
133. Cricogorgia ramea.
Cricogorgia ramea, M.-Edw. $ Haime, Corall t. B2. f. G, not described.
Hob. ?
This coral is like Primnoa plumatilis.