Skip to content
EvidenceHelixEvidenceLib · Scientific Encyclopedia
⌘ K

Scientific library

EvidenceLib encyclopediaAll articles A–Z2,835
Books209
All textbooksMedical textbooksHuman anatomyOrganisms & biodiversityOther sciences
Open-access articles1,406Cancer study catalog458How it is made

My workspace this browser

Saved pages0Notes & annotations0

Recently viewed

Explore by field

Cancer and Oncology182Genetics and Genomics170Neuroscience185Cardiovascular Medicine180Immunology142Pharmacology173Molecular Biology161Infectious Diseases150Rare and Inherited Diseases181Clinical Research173Anatomy and Physiology613Drugs and Chemicals621Psychiatry and Psychology185Public Health and Nutrition178Diagnostics and Medical Technology125Respiratory Medicine113Digestive System and Liver91Metabolism and Endocrine Disease177Bones, Joints, Muscles and Skin213Kidney, Urology and Women's Health173Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat55
Plans & pricingCompare EvidenceHelix workspace plans
Library›Open textbooks›A nurse-led, preventive, psychological intervention to reduce PTSD symptom severity in critically ill patients: the POPPI feasibility study and cluster RCT›References

Continue where you left off ()

GO BEYOND THE PAGEReading is just the beginning.

Turn scientific reading into research. Compare studies, examine evidence, and organize your findings in EvidenceHelix Workspace.

Explore Research Workspace →

A nurse-led, preventive, psychological intervention to reduce PTSD symptom severity in critically ill patients: the POPPI feasibility study and cluster RCT · References

References

CC BY 4.0 · NIHR Journals Library · approximately 14 min read

  1. Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre. Key Statistics from the Case Mix Programme – Adult, General Critical Care Units. London: ICNARC; 2017. URL: www.icnarc.org/Our-Audit/Audits/Cmp/Reports/Summary-Statistics (accessed 25 July 2018).
  2. Parker AM, Sricharoenchai T, Raparla S, Schneck KW, Bienvenu OJ, Needham DM. Posttraumatic stress disorder in critical illness survivors: a metaanalysis. Crit Care Med 2015;43:1121–9. 10.1097/CCM.000000000000088225654178
  3. Nikayin S, Rabiee A, Hashem MD, Huang M, Bienvenu OJ, Turnbull AE, Needham DM. Anxiety symptoms in survivors of critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2016;43:23–9. 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.08.00527796253
  4. Rabiee A, Nikayin S, Hashem MD, Huang M, Dinglas VD, Bienvenu OJ, et al. Depressive symptoms after critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2016;44:1744–53. 10.1097/CCM.000000000000181127153046
  5. Ballenger JC, Davidson JR, Lecrubier Y, Nutt DJ, Foa EB, Kessler RC, et al. Consensus statement on posttraumatic stress disorder from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61(Suppl. 5):60–6.10761680
  6. Boscarino JA. A prospective study of PTSD and early-age heart disease mortality among Vietnam veterans: implications for surveillance and prevention. Psychosom Med 2008;70:668–76. 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31817bccaf18596248
  7. Dedert EA, Calhoun PS, Watkins LL, Sherwood A, Beckham JC. Posttraumatic stress disorder, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease: a review of the evidence. Ann Behav Med 2010;39:61–78. 10.1007/s12160-010-9165-920174903
  8. Jones C, Bäckman C, Capuzzo M, Flaatten H, Rylander C, Griffiths RD. Precipitants of post-traumatic stress disorder following intensive care: a hypothesis generating study of diversity in care. Intensive Care Med 2007;33:978–85. 10.1007/s00134-007-0600-817384929
  9. Samuelson KA, Lundberg D, Fridlund B. Stressful memories and psychological distress in adult mechanically ventilated intensive care patients – a 2-month follow-up study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007;51:671–8. 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01292.x17567267
  10. Granja C, Gomes E, Amaro A, Ribeiro O, Jones C, Carneiro A, Costa-Pereira A, JMIP Study Group. Understanding posttraumatic stress disorder-related symptoms after critical care: the early illness amnesia hypothesis. Crit Care Med 2008;36:2801–9. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318186a3e718766108
  11. Myhren H, Tøien K, Ekeberg O, Karlsson S, Sandvik L, Stokland O. Patients’ memory and psychological distress after ICU stay compared with expectations of the relatives. Intensive Care Med 2009;35:2078–86. 10.1007/s00134-009-1614-119756511
  12. Davydow DS, Zatzick D, Hough CL, Katon WJ. A longitudinal investigation of posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms over the course of the year following medical-surgical intensive care unit admission. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2013;35:226–32. 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.12.00523369507
  13. Davydow DS, Zatzick D, Hough CL, Katon WJ. In-hospital acute stress symptoms are associated with impairment in cognition 1 year after intensive care unit admission. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2013;10:450–7. 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201303-060OC23987665
  14. Wade DM, Howell DC, Weinman JA, Hardy RJ, Mythen MG, Brewin CR, et al. Investigating risk factors for psychological morbidity three months after intensive care: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care 2012;16:R192. 10.1186/cc1167723068129
  15. Ely EW, Siegel MD, Inouye SK. Delirium in the intensive care unit: an under-recognized syndrome of organ dysfunction. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2001;22:115–26. 10.1055/s-2001-1382616088667
  16. Wade D, Hardy R, Howell D, Mythen M. Identifying clinical and acute psychological risk factors for PTSD after critical care: a systematic review. Minerva Anestesiol 2013;79:944–63.23558761
  17. Novaes MA, Knobel E, Bork AM, Pavão OF, Nogueira-Martins LA, Ferraz MB. Stressors in ICU: perception of the patient, relatives and health care team. Intensive Care Med 1999;25:1421–6. 10.1007/s00134005109110660851
  18. Jones C, Griffiths RD, Humphris G, Skirrow PM. Memory, delusions, and the development of acute posttraumatic stress disorder-related symptoms after intensive care. Crit Care Med 2001;29:573–80. 10.1097/00003246-200103000-0001911373423
  19. Wade DM, Brewin CR, Howell DC, White E, Mythen MG, Weinman JA. Intrusive memories of hallucinations and delusions in traumatized intensive care patients: an interview study. Br J Health Psychol 2015;20:613–31. 10.1111/bjhp.1210924944013
  20. Department of Health. Comprehensive Critical Care: A Review of Adult Critical Care Services. Clinical guideline 83. London: Department of Health; 2000.
  21. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Rehabilitation After Critical Illness. London: NICE; 2009.
  22. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Evidence Update December 2013. London: NICE; 2013. URL: https://arms.evidence.nhs.uk/resources/hub/1031525/attachment (accessed 23 May 2019).
  23. Strøm T, Martinussen T, Toft P. A protocol of no sedation for critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a randomised trial. Lancet 2010;375:475–80. 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62072-920116842
  24. Treggiari MM, Romand JA, Yanez ND, Deem SA, Goldberg J, Hudson L, et al. Randomized trial of light versus deep sedation on mental health after critical illness. Crit Care Med 2009;37:2527–34. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a5689f19602975
  25. Hatch R, McKechnie S, Griffiths J. Psychological intervention to prevent ICU-related PTSD: who, when and for how long? Crit Care 2011;15:141. 10.1186/cc1005421542870
  26. Jones C, Bäckman C, Capuzzo M, Egerod I, Flaatten H, Granja C, et al. Intensive care diaries reduce new onset post traumatic stress disorder following critical illness: a randomised, controlled trial. Crit Care 2010;14:R168. 10.1186/cc926020843344
  27. Peris A, Bonizzoli M, Iozzelli D, Migliaccio ML, Zagli G, Bacchereti A, et al. Early intra-intensive care unit psychological intervention promotes recovery from post traumatic stress disorders, anxiety and depression symptoms in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2011;15:R41. 10.1186/cc1000321272307
  28. Beck AT, Dozois DJ. Cognitive therapy: current status and future directions. Annu Rev Med 2011;62:397–409. 10.1146/annurev-med-052209-10003220690827
  29. Bighelli I, Salanti G, Huhn M, Schneider-Thoma J, Krause M, Reitmeir C, et al. Psychological interventions to reduce positive symptoms in schizophrenia: systematic review and network meta-analysis. World Psychiatry 2018;17:316–29. 10.1002/wps.2057730192101
  30. Tyrer P, Cooper S, Salkovskis P, Tyrer H, Crawford M, Byford S, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for health anxiety in medical patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2014;383:219–25. 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61905-424139977
  31. Turkington D, Kingdon D, Rathod S, Hammond K, Pelton J, Mehta R. Outcomes of an effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioural intervention by mental health nurses in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2006;189:36–40. 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.01088416816304
  32. Gould RA, Mueser KT, Bolton E, Mays V, Goff D. Cognitive therapy for psychosis in schizophrenia: an effect size analysis. Schizophr Res 2001;48:335–42. 10.1016/S0920-9964(00)00145-611295385
  33. Rector NA, Beck AT. Cognitive behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: an empirical review. J Nerv Ment Dis 2001;189:278–87. 10.1097/00005053-200105000-0000211379970
  34. Pfammatter M, Junghan UM, Brenner HD. Efficacy of psychological therapy in schizophrenia: conclusions from meta-analyses. Schizophr Bull 2006;32(Suppl. 1):64–80. 10.1093/schbul/sbl030
  35. Wykes T, Steel C, Everitt B, Tarrier N. Cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia: effect sizes, clinical models, and methodological rigor. Schizophr Bull 2008;34:523–37. 10.1093/schbul/sbm11417962231
  36. Erickson DH. Cognitive-behaviour therapy for medication-resistant positive symptoms in early psychosis: a case series. Early Interv Psychiatry 2010;4:251–6. 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2010.00184.x20712731
  37. Bernard M, Jackson C, Jones C. Written emotional disclosure following first-episode psychosis: effects on symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Br J Clin Psychol 2006;45:403–15. 10.1348/014466505X6893317147105
  38. Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie H, Jankowski MK, Bolton EE, Lu W, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol 2008;76:259–71. 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.25918377122
  39. Jackson C, Trower P, Reid I, Smith J, Hall M, Townend M, et al. Improving psychological adjustment following a first episode of psychosis: a randomised controlled trial of cognitive therapy to reduce post psychotic trauma symptoms. Behav Res Ther 2009;47:454–62. 10.1016/j.brat.2009.02.00919361782
  40. Jones C, Skirrow P, Griffiths RD, Humphris GH, Ingleby S, Eddleston J, et al. Rehabilitation after critical illness: a randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med 2003;31:2456–61. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000089938.56725.3314530751
  41. Cuthbertson BH, Rattray J, Campbell MK, Gager M, Roughton S, Smith A, et al. The PRaCTICaL study of nurse led, intensive care follow-up programmes for improving long term outcomes from critical illness: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2009;339:b3723. 10.1136/bmj.b372319837741
  42. Turkington D, Kingdon D, Turner T, Insight into Schizophrenia Research Group. Effectiveness of a brief cognitive–behavioural therapy intervention in the treatment of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2002;180:523–7. 10.1192/bjp.180.6.52312042231
  43. Brabban A, Tai S, Turkington D. Predictors of outcome in brief cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2009;35:859–64. 10.1093/schbul/sbp06519571248
  44. Peters E, Landau S, McCrone P, Cooke M, Fisher P, Steel C, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis in a routine clinical service. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2010;122:302–18. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01572.x20491720
  45. Craig P, Dieppe P, Macintyre S, Michie S, Nazareth I, Petticrew M, Medical Research Council Guidance. Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ 2008;337:a1655. 10.1136/bmj.a165518824488
  46. Wade D, Moon Z, Windgassen S, Weinman J. Nonpharmacological interventions to reduce short-term or long-term psychological stress in ICU patients: a systematic review. Critical Care 2015;19:P556. 10.1186/cc14636
  47. Wade DM. Prevalence and Predictors of Psychological Morbidity and Quality of Life After Discharge from Intensive Care. PhD thesis. London: University College London; 2010.
  48. Fowler D, Garety P, Kuipers E. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy For Psychosis: Theory And Practice. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd; 1995.
  49. Brewin CR. Re-experiencing traumatic events in PTSD: new avenues in research on intrusive memories and flashbacks. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2015;6:27180. 10.3402/ejpt.v6.2718025994019
  50. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company; 1984.
  51. Wade DF, Moon Z, Windgassen SS, Harrison AM, Morris L, Weinman JA. Non-pharmacological interventions to reduce ICU-related psychological distress: a systematic review. Minerva Anestesiol 2016;82:465–78.26505225
  52. Wade DM, Hankins M, Smyth DA, Rhone EE, Mythen MG, Howell DC, Weinman JA. Detecting acute distress and risk of future psychological morbidity in critically ill patients: validation of the intensive care psychological assessment tool. Crit Care 2014;18:519. 10.1186/s13054-014-0519-825248614
  53. Bullock I, Davis M, Lockey A, Mackway-Jones K. Pocket Guide to Teaching for Clinical Instructors. 3rd edn. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd; 2016. 10.1002/9781119088769
  54. Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT). Good Practice Guidance on the Use of Self-help Materials within IAPT Services. IAPT; 2010. URL: https://serene.me.uk/helpers/iapt-self-help-good-practice-guide.pdf (accessed 3 July 2018).
  55. Wade D, Als N, Bell V, Brewin C, D’Antoni D, Harrison DA, et al. Providing psychological support to people in intensive care: development and feasibility study of a nurse-led intervention to prevent acute stress and long-term morbidity. BMJ Open 2018;8:e021083. 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021083
  56. Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, Janssen M, Kind P, Parkin D, et al. Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res 2011;20:1727–36. 10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x21479777
  57. Foa EB, Cashman L, Jaycox L, al e. The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Psychol Assess 1997;9:445–51. 10.1037/1040-3590.9.4.445
  58. Irwin M, Artin KH, Oxman MN. Screening for depression in the older adult: criterion validity of the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Arch Intern Med 1999;159:1701–4. 10.1001/archinte.159.15.170110448771
  59. Hussey MA, Hughes JP. Design and analysis of stepped wedge cluster randomized trials. Contemp Clin Trials 2007;28:182–91. 10.1016/j.cct.2006.05.00716829207
  60. Hayes RJ, Bennett S. Simple sample size calculation for cluster-randomized trials. Int J Epidemiol 1999;28:319–26. 10.1093/ije/28.2.31910342698
  61. Brewin CR, Fuchkan N, Huntley Z, Robertson M, Thompson M, Scragg P, et al. Outreach and screening following the 2005 London bombings: usage and outcomes. Psychol Med 2010;40:2049–57. 10.1017/S003329171000020620178677
  62. Richards-Belle A, Mouncey PR, Wade D, Brewin CR, Emerson LM, Grieve R, et al. Psychological Outcomes following a nurse-led Preventative Psychological Intervention for critically ill patients (POPPI): protocol for a cluster-randomised clinical trial of a complex intervention. BMJ Open 2018;8:e020908. 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020908
  63. Harrison DA, Brady AR, Rowan K. Case mix, outcome and length of stay for admissions to adult, general critical care units in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: the Intensive Care National Audit . Research Centre Case Mix Programme Database. Crit Care 2004;8:R99–111. 10.1186/cc283415025784
  64. Sessler CN, Gosnell MS, Grap MJ, Brophy GM, O’Neal PV, Keane KA, et al. The Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale: validity and reliability in adult intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:1338–44. 10.1164/rccm.210713812421743
  65. Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 1974;2:81–4. 10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91639-04136544
  66. Ehring T, Kleim B, Clark DM, Foa EB, Ehlers A. Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder: what combination of symptoms predicts best? J Nerv Ment Dis 2007;195:1004–12. 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31815c199918091194
  67. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983;67:361–70. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x6880820
  68. Ely EW, Inouye SK, Bernard GR, Gordon S, Francis J, May L, et al. Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU). JAMA 2001;286:2703–10. 10.1001/jama.286.21.270311730446
  69. Carter BR, Hood K. Balance algorithm for cluster randomized trials. BMC Med Res Methodol 2008;8:65. 10.1186/1471-2288-8-6518844993
  70. Wulff J, Sadique Z, Grieve R, Howell D, Mouncey P, Wade D, et al. Psychological outcomes following a nurse-led preventative psychological intervention for critically ill patients trial: statistical and health economic analysis plan. J Intensive Care Soc 2018;19:281–6. 10.1177/175114371875501630515237
  71. Wade DM, Mouncey PR, Richards-Belle A, Wulff J, Harrison DA, Sadique MZ, et al. Effect of a nurse-led preventive psychological intervention on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among critically ill patients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2019;321:665–75. 10.1001/jama.2019.007330776295
  72. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, Vagg PR, Jacobs GA. Manual for the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1983.
  73. Marteau TM, Bekker H. The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Br J Clin Psychol 1992;31:301–6. 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00997.x1393159
  74. Carpenter JR, Kenward MG. Interactions. In Carpenter JR, Kenward MG, editors. Multiple Imputation and its Application. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd; 2013. pp. 147–64. 10.1002/9781119942283.ch7
  75. Quartagno M, Carpenter JR. Multiple imputation for IPD meta-analysis: allowing for heterogeneity and studies with missing covariates. Stat Med 2016;35:2938–54. 10.1002/sim.683726681666
  76. Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG). English Indices of Deprivation. London: DCLG; 2015. URL: www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015 (accessed 25 July 2018).
  77. Harrison DA, Parry GJ, Carpenter JR, Short A, Rowan K. A new risk prediction model for critical care: the Intensive Care National Audit. Research Centre (ICNARC) model. Crit Care Med 2007;35:1091–8. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000259468.24532.4417334248
  78. Royal College of Physicians (RCP). National Early Warning Score (NEWS): Standardising the Assessment of Acute Illness Severity in the NHS. London: RCP; 2012. URL: www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/national-early-warning-score-news (accessed 4 May 2017).
  79. Wang R, Lagakos SW, Ware JH, Hunter DJ, Drazen JM. Statistics in medicine – reporting of subgroup analyses in clinical trials. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2189–94. 10.1056/NEJMsr07700318032770
  80. Campbell MK, Piaggio G, Elbourne DR, Altman DG, CONSORT Group. Consort 2010 statement: extension to cluster randomised trials. BMJ 2012;345:e5661. 10.1136/bmj.e566122951546
  81. Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985;13:818–29. 10.1097/00003246-198510000-000093928249
  82. Draper D. Rank-based robust analysis of linear models. I. Exposition and review. Statist Sci 1988;3:239–57. 10.1214/ss/1177012915
  83. Maracy M, Dunn G. Estimating dose-response effects in psychological treatment trials: the role of instrumental variables. Stat Methods Med Res 2011;20:191–215. 10.1177/096228020809724319036909
  84. Ferrando-Vivas P, Jones A, Rowan KM, Harrison DA. Development and validation of the new ICNARC model for prediction of acute hospital mortality in adult critical care. J Crit Care 2017;38:335–9. 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.11.03127899205
  85. Iwashyna TJ, Burke JF, Sussman JB, Prescott HC, Hayward RA, Angus DC. Implications of heterogeneity of treatment effect for reporting and analysis of randomized trials in critical care. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015;192:1045–51. 10.1164/rccm.201411-2125CP26177009
  86. Steckler A, Linnan L. Process Evaluation for Public Health Interventions and Research. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2002.
  87. Moore GF, Audrey S, Barker M, Bond L, Bonell C, Hardeman W, et al. Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ 2015;350:h1258. 10.1136/bmj.h125825791983
  88. Moore G, Audrey S, Barker M, Bond L, Bonell C, Cooper C, et al. Process evaluation in complex public health intervention studies: the need for guidance. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014;68:101–2. 10.1136/jech-2013-20286924022816
  89. Krippendorff K. Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology. 3rd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.; 2014.
  90. Chen YF, Hemming K, Stevens AJ, Lilford RJ. Secular trends and evaluation of complex interventions: the rising tide phenomenon. BMJ Qual Saf 2016;25:303–10. 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004372
  91. Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol 2006;3:77–101. 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  92. Gale NK, Heath G, Cameron E, Rashid S, Redwood S. Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Med Res Methodol 2013;13:117. 10.1186/1471-2288-13-11724047204
  93. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Guide to the Methods of Technology Appraisal 2013. London: NICE; 2013.
  94. Husereau D, Drummond M, Petrou S, Carswell C, Moher D, Greenberg D, et al. Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement. BMJ 2013;346:f1049. 10.1136/bmj.f104923529982
  95. NHS Information Standards Board. Critical Care Minimum Data Set. Leeds: NHS Digital; 2012.
  96. Curtis L, Burns A. Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2016. Canterbury: Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Kent; 2016.
  97. Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC). NHS Reference Costs 2015–2016. London: DHSC; 2016.
  98. Devlin NJ, Shah KK, Feng Y, Mulhern B, van Hout B. Valuing health-related quality of life: an EQ-5D-5L value set for England. Health Econ 2018;27:7–22. 10.1002/hec.356428833869
  99. van Hout B, Devlin N, Shah K, Feng Y, Mulhern B. An EQ-5D-5L Value Set for England: Final Model Results. London: Office of Health Economics; 2014.
  100. Manca A, Hawkins N, Sculpher MJ. Estimating mean QALYs in trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis: the importance of controlling for baseline utility. Health Econ 2005;14:487–96. 10.1002/hec.94415497198
  101. White IR, Royston P, Wood AM. Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice. Stat Med 2011;30:377–99. 10.1002/sim.406721225900
  102. Rubin DB. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York, NY: J Wiley and Sons Ltd; 1987. 10.1002/9780470316696
  103. Claxton K. Exploring uncertainty in cost-effectiveness analysis. PharmacoEconomics 2008;26:781–98. 10.2165/00019053-200826090-0000818767898
  104. Ramsey SD, Willke RJ, Glick H, Reed SD, Augustovski F, Jonsson B, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside clinical trials II-An ISPOR Good Research Practices Task Force report. Value Health 2015;18:161–72. 10.1016/j.jval.2015.02.00125773551
  105. Fischer K, Goetghebeur E, Vrijens B, White IR. A structural mean model to allow for noncompliance in a randomized trial comparing 2 active treatments. Biostatistics 2011;12:247–57. 10.1093/biostatistics/kxq05320805286
  106. Dolan P, Gudex C, Kind P, Williams A. A Social Tariff for EuroQoL: Results From a UK General Population Survey. Centre for Health Economics discussion paper 138. York: Centre for Health Economics, University of York; 1999.
  107. Office for National Statistics. Interim Life Tables, 2011–2013. Newport: Office for National Statistics; 2013.
  108. Wright JC, Plenderleith L, Ridley SA. Long-term survival following intensive care: subgroup analysis and comparison with the general population. Anaesthesia 2003;58:637–42. 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03205.x12790812
  109. Cuthbertson BH, Roughton S, Jenkinson D, Maclennan G, Vale L. Quality of life in the five years after intensive care: a cohort study. Crit Care 2010;14:R6. 10.1186/cc884820089197
  110. Dowdy DW, Eid MP, Sedrakyan A, Mendez-Tellez PA, Pronovost PJ, Herridge MS, Needham DM. Quality of life in adult survivors of critical illness: a systematic review of the literature. Intensive Care Med 2005;31:611–20. 10.1007/s00134-005-2592-615803303
  111. Ara R, Brazier JE. Populating an economic model with health state utility values: moving toward better practice. Value Health 2010;13:509–18. 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2010.00700.x20230546
  112. Brazier JE, Roberts J. The estimation of a preference-based measure of health from the SF-12. Med Care 2004;42:851–9. 10.1097/01.mlr.0000135827.18610.0d15319610
  113. Roberts MB, Glaspey LJ, Mazzarelli A, Jones CW, Kilgannon HJ, Trzeciak S, Roberts BW. Early interventions for the prevention of posttraumatic stress symptoms in survivors of critical illness: a qualitative systematic review. Crit Care Med 2018;46:1328–33. 10.1097/CCM.000000000000322229794546
  114. Birur B, Moore NC, Davis LL. An evidence-based review of early intervention and prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder. Community Ment Health J 2017;53:183–201. 10.1007/s10597-016-0047-x27470261
  115. Davydow DS, Gifford JM, Desai SV, Needham DM, Bienvenu OJ. Posttraumatic stress disorder in general intensive care unit survivors: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2008;30:421–34. 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.05.00618774425
  116. Bolzern J, Mnyama N, Bosanquet K, Torgerson DJ. A review of cluster randomised trials found statistical evidence of selection bias. J Clin Epidemiol 2018;99:106–12. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.03.01029596972
  117. Hofhuis J, Hautvast JLA, Schrijvers AJP, Bakker J. Quality of life on admission to the intensive care: can we query the relatives? Intensive Care Med 2003;29:974–9. 10.1007/s00134-003-1763-612734653
  118. van Hout B, Janssen MF, Feng YS, Kohlmann T, Busschbach J, Golicki D, et al. Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-5D-3L value sets. Value Health 2012;15:708–15. 10.1016/j.jval.2012.02.00822867780
  119. Hernandez Alava MWA, Pudney S. Methods for Mapping Between the EQ-5D-5L and the 3L. Sheffield: University of Sheffield; 2017.
  120. Wailoo A, Alava M, Grimm S, Pudney S, Gomes M, Sadique Z, et al. Comparing the EQ-5D-3L and 5L Versions. What Are the Implications for Cost Effectiveness Estimates? Sheffield: University of Sheffield; 2017.
← Discussion and conclusionsAcknowledgements →

Attribution. Paul R Mouncey; Dorothy Wade; Alvin Richards-Belle; Zia Sadique; Jerome Wulff; Richard Grieve et al. (2019). A nurse-led, preventive, psychological intervention to reduce PTSD symptom severity in critically ill patients: the POPPI feasibility study and cluster RCT. NIHR Journals Library. Copyright © Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO 2019. This work was produced by Mouncey et al. under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. NCBI Bookshelf NBK545679. CC BY 4.0. Original source ↗. Text reproduced from the Bookshelf XML without changing wording; figures, images and supplements are not reproduced.

In this chapter Contents

  • References

Source

OpenStax source file ↗

Source record ↗

EvidenceLib is a research-education resource, not medical advice. It does not diagnose, prescribe or recommend starting, stopping or changing any treatment. Talk to a qualified clinician about your own situation. Methods, sources and licences · Rights and removal requests · Legal · Support