Urinary Fistula

Introduction and hypothesisTwo types of laparoscopic vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repairs, the traditional transvesical (O'Conor) and extravesical techniques, dominate the literature. We present our 15-year experience of primary and recurrent cases of VVF utilizing an extravesical technique, which we first described in 1999.MethodsAn IRB approved retrospective study revealed 44 female patients with either primary or recurrent VVF. Laparoscopic extravesical repair was performed without an omental flap in the majority of cases. A three-layer closure technique was performed utilizing a double-layer bladder closure and a single-layer vaginal closure followed by bladder testing. A suprapubic catheter was utilized for 2-3 weeks postoperatively for bladder decompression.ResultsA review of our experience reveals a 97 % (32 out of 33) cure for primary VVF and 100 % (11 out of 11) rate for recurrent fistulas, with an overall cure rate of 98 % (43 out of 44) at a mean follow-up of 17.3 months (range 3-64). An omental flap was not utilized in 98 % of patients (43 out of 44), with a success rate of 98 % (42 out of 43). The mean estimated blood loss was 39 mL (range 0-450), mean hospital stay was 1.1 days (range 1-3), and none of the patients suffered any major intra- or postoperative complications. None of the patients required a conversion to open laparotomy.ConclusionsBased upon our experience we believe that performing laparoscopic extravesical VVF repair using a three-layer closure technique without an interposition omentum is a safe, effective, minimally invasive technique with excellent cure rates in an experienced surgeon's hands.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gracilis muscle transposition (GMT) to treat recurrent anovaginal, rectovaginal, rectourethral, and pouch-vaginal fistulas in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in patients with IBD who had GMT performed by a single surgeon between 2000 and 2018. Follow-up data regarding healing rate, complications, additional procedures, and stoma closure rate was collected.ResultsA total of 30 women and 2 men had GMT. In all patients fistula was associated with Crohn's disease. In 1 female patient, contralateral gracilis transposition was required after a failed attempt at repair. The primary healing rate was 47% (15/32) and the definitive healing rate (healed by the time of data collection and after secondary procedures) was 71% (23/32). Additional surgical procedures due to fistula persistence or recurrence were performed on 17 patients (53%).At least 7 patients (21%) suffered complications including one wound infection with ischemia of the gracilis muscle. Stoma closure was successful in 18 of 31 cases of patients with stoma (58% of the patients).ConclusionsGMT for the treatment of recurrent and complex anorectal fistulas in patients with IBD patient is eventually successful in almost 2/3 of patients.

BackgroundEntero-colovesical fistula is a rare complication of various benign and malignant diseases. The diagnosis is prominently based on clinical symptoms; imaging studies are necessary not only to confirm the presence of the fistula, but more importantly to demonstrate the extent and the nature of the fistula. There is still a lack of consensus regarding the if, when and how to repair the fistula. The aim of the study is to review the different surgical treatment options, focus on surgical indications, and explore cumulative recurrence, morbidity, and mortality rates of entero-vesical and colo-vesical fistula patients.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Random effects meta-analyses of proportions were developed to assess primary and secondary endpoints. I2 statistic and Cochran's Q test were computed to assess inter-studies' heterogeneity.ResultsTwenty-two studies were included in the analysis with a total of 861 patients. Meta-analyses of proportions pointed out 5, 22.2, and 4.9% rates for recurrence, complications, and mortality respectively. A single-stage procedure was performed in 75.5% of the cases, whereas a multi-stage operation in 15.5% of patients. Palliative surgery was performed in 6.2% of the cases. In 2.3% of the cases, the surgical procedure was not specified. Simple and advanced repair of the bladder was performed in 84.3% and 15.6% of the cases respectively.ConclusionsAlthough burdened by a non-negligible rate of complications, surgical repair of entero-colovesical fistula leads to excellent results in terms of primary healing. Our review offers opportunities for significant further research in this field. Level of Evidence Level III according to ELIS (SR/MA with up to two negative criteria).

The increasing use of videolaparoscopy for the complete excision of endometriotic lesions and restoration of pelvic anatomy has helped improve long-term outcomes. However, risks remain, including rare but significant complications such as salpingoureteral fistulas. Early diagnosis using imaging methods enables adequate treatment and reduces the risk of new complications. In this report, we present a case of uretero-fallopian fistula following gynecological surgery for the resection of endometriotic lesions, with intraoperative inadvertent ureteral injury. This case report aimed to highlight the importance of diagnostic imaging in postoperative complications of gynecological surgeries for endometriosis, especially if inadvertent injuries occur during the procedure, and to guide the medical community in suspecting and addressing this condition.