Sedentary Behavior

BackgroundLow physical activity (LPA) is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathologies. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of several noncommunicable diseases relating to LPA.MethodsUsing the 2021 Global Burden of Disease data set, we modelled LPA-related disease burdens across 204 countries and territories, quantifying mortality counts, age-standardised mortality rates, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for five noncommunicable diseases. We conducted multivariable stratification analyses to assess variations by gender, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles. We used age-period-cohort modelling to project burden trajectories, while applying counterfactual decomposition frameworks to delineate synergistic interactions between LPA and risk factors.ResultsWe found that LPA accounted for 555 101 related deaths globally in 2021 across the five studied pathologies, mostly among individuals aged 60-94 years. Association between LPA-related disease burden and SDI followed a U-shaped distribution across regions and diseases. Among individuals aged 60-89 years, LPA-related deaths were significantly higher in women than in men, indicating a disproportionate burden on elderly females. Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) trends stabilised in low- and middle-SDI regions but declined significantly in high-SDI regions, underscoring global health disparities. From 2007 to 2011, LPA DALYs and mortality risk ratios for IHD, stroke, and lower extremity peripheral arterial disease declined from >1 to ConclusionsPhysical activity should be increased among elderly women to address health risks associated with LPA. Likewise, urgent public health interventions are needed for LPA-related diabetes. As IHD burden rises in low- and middle-SDI regions, vascular disease care strategies require optimisation. Moreover, high-SDI regions should strengthen nationwide physical activity promotion, while low- and middle-SDI areas must enhance healthcare infrastructure and manage population growth to reduce LPA-related disease burdens.

Sarcopenia, a growing public health concern lacking targeted therapies, highlights the need to investigate modifiable factors like physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior, which influence muscle health. However, most research focuses on older adults, with limited data on young and middle-aged populations. This study leverages the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to investigate this topic in the US population aged 18 to 59 to address this critical gap. This cross-sectional study utilized data from 7869 participants in the NHANES (2011-2018) to assess associations between PA patterns, sedentary behavior, and sarcopenia risk. PA and sedentary behavior were measured via self-report, "weekend warriors" was defined as individuals who meet weekly physical activity guidelines (≥150 minutes) but exercise infrequently (<2 sessions/week), and sarcopenia was defined using the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) guidelines. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was used, with results presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Nonlinear associations were explored using restricted cubic splines. In the final analysis, 689 participants (8.76%) were classified as having sarcopenia. After adjusting the covariates, sedentary time (h/day) increased the risk of sarcopenia (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10), with a linear dose-response relationship. However, for every 1-hour increment in PA, there was a 6% reduction in the risk of sarcopenia (a linear relationship was also observed), and this negative association was more pronounced for vigorous PA (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.29-0.53). Meanwhile, compared to inactive individuals, both "weekend warriors" (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23-0.72) and those with regular PA patterns (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.54-0.92) were less susceptible to sarcopenia. These associations showed a potentially more significant trend in older (45-59 years) and male participants. This study identifies that PA can decrease the potential risk of sarcopenia in adults aged 18 to 59, whereas prolonged sedentary behavior increases it. Promoting population-level PA participation could serve as a preventive strategy for sarcopenia, however, additional research is necessary to confirm these findings.

BackgroundCataract is a leading cause of visual impairment globally. Although daily behaviors such as sleep, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB) have been associated with cataract risk, the evidence remains controversial and uncertain. This study aimed to examine the independent and combined effects of sleep, PA, and SB on cataract risk using data from the UK Biobank.MethodsThe cross-sectional analyses included 440,645 participants from the UK Biobank with complete data on sleep, PA, and SB. For the longitudinal analyses, a subset of 426,540 participants without cataract at baseline was included. Cataract cases were identified through hospital inpatient records and self-reported data. Baseline data on sleep, PA, and SB were collected via touchscreen questionnaires. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the independent and synergistic associations between sleep, PA, SB, and cataract.ResultsIn the cross-sectional analyses, 440,645 participants were evaluated (54.0% female; mean [SD] age, 56.5 [8.1] years), of whom 14,105 (3.2%) had cataract. Significant associations were found between poor sleep (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.23-1.48), low PA (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11), and cataract. Longitudinal analyses included 426,540 participants (53.9% female; mean [SD] age, 56.3 [8.1] years). During a mean follow-up period of 10.8 years, 55,658 incident cataract cases were recorded. Poor sleep (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08-1.19), low PA (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07), and high SB (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.06-1.11) were correlated with increased cataract risk. The combination of poor sleep, low PA, and high SB further elevated the risk, with the highest odds in cross-sectional (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.37-2.15) and prospective (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.21-1.55) analyses. Replacing 1 h/day of SB time with an equal time spent in total PA and sleep was associated with a 1.7% and 2.7% decreased risk of cataract, respectively.ConclusionsPoor sleep, low PA, and high SB are independently and jointly associated with an increased risk of cataract. Modifying these behaviors, either individually or in combination, can effectively mitigate the risk of cataract.

BackgroundBrief measures of 24-hour movement behaviors are needed to easily evaluate their durations. The present study investigated the criterion validity and test-retest reliability of a brief self-report instrument to assess 24-hour movement behaviors.MethodsA paper-based self-administered questionnaire was used to assess sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with four items in 35 healthy adults. Participants wore a tri-axial accelerometer and answered the questionnaire on the final day of the accelerometry assessment and after 14 days. Spearman's correlations of self-reported measures with their accelerometer-derived counterparts were assessed and median values compared using Mann-Whitney U-tests. Bland-Altman plots were employed to characterize differences in self-reported and device-measured time in the behaviors and their limits of agreement. Test-retest reliability was assessed using Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsModerate correlations with device measures for sleep, SB, and LPA for a typical and the past week (rho = 0.46 to 0.60, respectively) and low correlations for MVPA (rho = 0.33 to 0.47, respectively) were observed. Less duration of sleep and MVPA were reported compared with accelerometer-derived durations for the three recall periods (z = -3.9 to -2.5 and -4.0 to -3.5, respectively). The test-retest reliability for a typical week was fair-to-good or excellent for all the four behaviors (ICCs = 0.72-0.90).ConclusionFindings show acceptable validity and reliability of this questionnaire measure of 24-hour movement behaviors for typical week, past week, and previous day recall periods.