Definition and research guide
This page combines a MeSH definition, publication statistics and selected research abstracts. It is a starting point for reading the literature, not a medical textbook or a systematic evidence review.
Content available: 3 complete abstracts (598 words), 9 references. Full article text is not stored or reproduced here; follow the PMID, DOI or PMC links to read the original sources and their access terms.
Definition
Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)
Definition: NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) scope note (Public domain (U.S. National Library of Medicine); attribution requested). View the MeSH record.
Also known as: Glycoside.
Where it fits in the MeSH classification
- Broader topics
- Carbohydrates
- Narrower topics
- Aminoglycosides; Anthocyanins; Atractyloside; Cardiac Glycosides; Chromomycins; Galactosides; Glucosides; Hesperidin; Iridoid Glycosides; Lincosamides; Mannosides; Methylglycosides; Novobiocin; Nucleosides
Research landscape
PubMed indexes 393,228 records tagged with the MeSH heading “Glycosides” (counts retrieved 2026-10-31). 63,335 of them (16.1%) were published from 2020 onward, and the busiest period so far is through 1999 with 179,645 records.
Reviews account for 22,517 records (5.7%) and meta-analyses for 1,207. Randomized controlled trials number 11,267 (2.9%) as a share of all records on the topic.
Show the data
| Period | Records |
|---|---|
| through 1999 | 179,645 |
| 2000-2009 | 63,335 |
| 2010-2019 | 86,913 |
| 2020 onward | 63,335 |
Publication-type chart data
| Type | Records | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Reviews | 22,517 | 5.7% |
| Meta-analyses | 1,207 | 0.3% |
| Randomized controlled trials | 11,267 | 2.9% |
Method: PubMed query "Glycosides"[MeSH Terms] with publication-type and date filters, retrieved 2026-10-31.
Reading the evidence in drugs and chemicals
Studies of a chemical or drug can answer very different questions: what it is and how it behaves in cells and animals, how the body handles it, and whether it changes outcomes in people. Laboratory and animal findings often do not carry over to patients, and observational studies of exposures are confounded by who uses a substance and why. Nothing on this page is a recommendation to use, avoid, start or stop any substance or medicine; talk to a qualified clinician or pharmacist about your own situation. Check the dose, the species, the comparison group and whether a patient-relevant outcome was measured.
Evidence from open-access studies
These open-access studies come from PubMed’s best-match results for this heading (papers whose main topic it is), ranked here by citation count, with one recent addition. Each abstract is reproduced in full under its recorded open licence so that you can read the authors’ own words. They illustrate the literature; they are not a systematic summary of it. Citation counts measure attention, not reliability or clinical benefit.
| Study / authors | Year | Source label / design | Europe PMC citations | Licence / source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Machine-intelligent multimodal algebot for intracavitary chemotherapy | 2026 | Research article Design not recorded in structured metadata | 3 | cc by PMID 42332250 · DOI · PMC13379317 |
| Metabolomic Analysis of Lytic KSHV Infection: Induced Host Nucleotide Metabolism Is Required for Infectious Virus Production | 2026 | Research article Design not recorded in structured metadata | 2 | cc by PMID 42655695 · DOI · PMC13517163 |
| Cardiac remodelling and dysfunction in cancer patients receiving cardiotoxic therapies: proteomic and metabolomic profiling | 2026 | Research article Design not recorded in structured metadata | 1 | cc by PMID 42366805 · DOI · PMC13359040 |
Machine-intelligent multimodal algebot for intracavitary chemotherapy [1]
Abstract reading summary — source excerpts
- Opening excerpt
- Intracavitary drug instillation is a crucial therapeutic strategy for treating bladder cancer.
- Closing excerpt
- Our drug delivery system offers a non-invasive solution to overcome complex biological barriers, advancing the efficacy and safety of intracavitary chemotherapy.
- Interpretation limits
- Verbatim excerpts from the authors’ abstract; the closing excerpt may describe a finding, limitation or recommendation. Design, population, effect size and uncertainty have not been independently extracted or appraised. Read the complete abstract and linked paper before interpreting the findings.
Read complete abstract (159 words)
Intracavitary drug instillation is a crucial therapeutic strategy for treating bladder cancer. However, current methods are limited in efficacy due to insufficient tumour targeting and drug penetration across tissue barriers in pathophysiological conditions. Here we devise biohybrid magnetic algae microrobots with hierarchical nanoporous structure and develop an 'algebot'-mediated, non-contact convective transport strategy to synergistically integrate targeted carrier transport, selective drug release and ultrafast tissue penetration. Our approach leverages machine-intelligent image feedback for autonomous navigation, magnetite-endowed multimodal control for reconfigurable swarming and flow-tuned convective diffusion for on-demand therapeutic delivery. We exemplify this approach with doxorubicin-loaded magnetic Coscinodiscus granii evaluated in a murine model of bladder tumour, demonstrating an over tenfold increase in drug permeation and substantially reduced tumour burden to less than 3% compared with conventional intravesical instillation in a preclinical trial of 1-week therapy without inducing systemic toxicity. Our drug delivery system offers a non-invasive solution to overcome complex biological barriers, advancing the efficacy and safety of intracavitary chemotherapy.
Abstract reproduced from the open-access article under the recorded cc by licence; © the authors. PMID 42332250 · DOI · PMC13379317
Metabolomic Analysis of Lytic KSHV Infection: Induced Host Nucleotide Metabolism Is Required for Infectious Virus Production [2]
Abstract reading summary — source excerpts
- Opening excerpt
- Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), which induces metabolic stress in infected host cells.
- Closing excerpt
- Overall, our study demonstrates that metabolic inhibition during lytic gammaherpesvirus infection decreases productive infection and hence serves as a potential therapeutic antiviral target.
- Interpretation limits
- Verbatim excerpts from the authors’ abstract; the closing excerpt may describe a finding, limitation or recommendation. Design, population, effect size and uncertainty have not been independently extracted or appraised. Read the complete abstract and linked paper before interpreting the findings.
Read complete abstract (201 words)
Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), which induces metabolic stress in infected host cells. KSHV reprograms host metabolic pathways for efficient viral replication and infectious virion production. Here, we report a time-course global metabolomics study conducted in iSLK.BAC16 cells to compare latent and lytic KSHV infection. Our data show that amino acid, central carbon, and nucleotide metabolic pathways are highly dysregulated upon reactivation. During lytic KSHV infection, pathway enrichment analysis identifies purine and pyrimidine metabolism as the top two most significantly impacted and dysregulated pathways. Further experiments have shown that nucleotide metabolism is required during lytic KSHV infection to produce maximal infectious virus. Treatment with the FDA-approved drug, methotrexate (MTX), a folate antagonist that decreases nucleotide metabolism by reducing tetrahydrofolate cofactors, significantly reduced KSHV copy number and late lytic viral gene expression upon reactivation compared to controls. Additionally, titers of cell-free supernatants from MTX-treated lytic samples showed a significant reduction in infectious virion production. Furthermore, MTX significantly decreased the viral titer of murine herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), a model virus to study gammaherpesvirus. Overall, our study demonstrates that metabolic inhibition during lytic gammaherpesvirus infection decreases productive infection and hence serves as a potential therapeutic antiviral target.
Abstract reproduced from the open-access article under the recorded cc by licence; © the authors. PMID 42655695 · DOI · PMC13517163
Cardiac remodelling and dysfunction in cancer patients receiving cardiotoxic therapies: proteomic and metabolomic profiling [3]
Abstract reading summary — source excerpts
- Opening excerpt
- Background and aimsThe objective of this study was to define the relationships between the circulating proteome and metabolome with cardiac structure and function in patients with breast cancer receiving cardiotoxic therapies.
- Closing excerpt
- There is an important need for validation of these findings and a deeper understanding of the biology of these biomarkers.
- Interpretation limits
- Verbatim excerpts from the authors’ abstract; the closing excerpt may describe a finding, limitation or recommendation. Design, population, effect size and uncertainty have not been independently extracted or appraised. Read the complete abstract and linked paper before interpreting the findings.
Read complete abstract (238 words)
Background and aimsThe objective of this study was to define the relationships between the circulating proteome and metabolome with cardiac structure and function in patients with breast cancer receiving cardiotoxic therapies.MethodsProteomics and metabolomics profiling was performed in a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of breast cancer patients receiving anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab, using the Olink Explore 3072 platform and rapid liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Multivariable linear mixed-effect models evaluated the contemporaneous (same visit) and lagged (subsequent visit) associations between repeated measures of individual proteins or metabolites with quantitative echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure [left ventricular (LV) mass and left atrial volume index] and function [LV ejection fraction (LVEF), longitudinal and circumferential strain, E/e', and ventricular-arterial coupling]. Cox regression and pathway enrichment analyses were conducted for biomarkers demonstrating significant associations with cardiac function.ResultsAcross 547 breast cancer participants (median age 50 years), 203 unique proteins and 16 unique metabolites were significantly associated with measures of cardiac structure and function in contemporaneous and lagged analyses. Notably, cathepsin C was associated with LVEF [false discovery rate (FDR), P = .017], longitudinal strain (FDR, P = .046), left atrial volume index (FDR, P = .035), and incident cardiac dysfunction, defined by an LVEF decline ≥10% to ConclusionsThese findings provide translational insights into cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction and remodelling and identify potential new biomarkers of cardiotoxicity. There is an important need for validation of these findings and a deeper understanding of the biology of these biomarkers.
Abstract reproduced from the open-access article under the recorded cc by licence; © the authors. PMID 42366805 · DOI · PMC13359040
Key reviews and meta-analyses
The most cited review-type papers among PubMed’s best-match results for this heading, listed with bibliographic details only. Follow the links for the full text and access terms.
- Research article SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials [4]
- Research article Addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin to induction chemotherapy in adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised controlled trials [5]
- Research article Meta-analysis: Treatment of hepatitis B infection reduces risk of hepatocellular carcinoma [6]
- Research article Review and meta-analysis of incidence and clinical predictors of anthracycline cardiotoxicity [7]
- Research article Beta lactam monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy for sepsis in immunocompetent patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials [8]
- Research article Safety and efficacy of digoxin: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and controlled trial data [9]
References
- Lin L, Li H, Zhou Q, Ding Q, Sun X, Hu J, et al.. Machine-intelligent multimodal algebot for intracavitary chemotherapy. . 2026. PMID 42332250 · DOI · PMC13379317
- Hisam F, Winn EA, Mukherjee S, Price SE, Gaspar YA, Wang C, et al.. Metabolomic Analysis of Lytic KSHV Infection: Induced Host Nucleotide Metabolism Is Required for Infectious Virus Production. . 2026. PMID 42655695 · DOI · PMC13517163
- Ky B, Xia C, Ko K, Hyde C, Smith AM, Rhee JW, et al.. Cardiac remodelling and dysfunction in cancer patients receiving cardiotoxic therapies: proteomic and metabolomic profiling. . 2026. PMID 42366805 · DOI · PMC13359040
- Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, et al.. SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials. Lancet. 2020. PMID 32877652 · DOI
- Hills RK, Castaigne S, Appelbaum FR, Delaunay J, Petersdorf S, Othus M, et al.. Addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin to induction chemotherapy in adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised controlled trials. Lancet Oncol. 2014. PMID 25008258 · DOI · PMC4137593
- Sung JJ, Tsoi KK, Wong VW, Li KC, Chan HL. Meta-analysis: Treatment of hepatitis B infection reduces risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008. PMID 18657133 · DOI
- Lotrionte M, Biondi-Zoccai G, Abbate A, Lanzetta G, D'Ascenzo F, Malavasi V, et al.. Review and meta-analysis of incidence and clinical predictors of anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Am J Cardiol. 2013. PMID 24075281 · DOI
- Paul M, Benuri-Silbiger I, Soares-Weiser K, Leibovici L. Beta lactam monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy for sepsis in immunocompetent patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2004. PMID 14996699 · DOI · PMC381218
- Ziff OJ, Ziff OJ, Lane DA, Samra M, Griffith M, Kirchhof P, et al.. Safety and efficacy of digoxin: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and controlled trial data. BMJ. 2015. PMID 26321114 · DOI · PMC4553205
About this article
- Sources
- NLM Medical Subject Headings (definition, synonyms); NCBI PubMed (counts, identifiers); Europe PMC (open-access abstracts and citation counts).
- Verification
- Every reference was resolved against PubMed on 2026-10-31; title, year and DOI matched.
- Review state
- automated source verified; no human expert review has been recorded yet.
- Version
- 1, last updated 2026-10-31.
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Evidence strength
EvidenceHelix's computed view of the study designs behind this topic: how common meta-analyses, randomized trials and reviews are, how recent the literature is, and a plain-language reading. It describes the design mix of the literature. It is not a quality appraisal of any study, and it is not medical advice.