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University Physics Volume 3 · Atomic Structure

Introduction

CC BY 4.0 · OpenStax · approximately 1 min read

Learning objectives

View original figure (external; image not reproduced in this text edition)

Original figure description: A photo of a nebula (N G C 1 7 6 3 in the large magellanic cloud.)

NGC1763 is an emission nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud, which is a satellite galaxy to our Milky Way Galaxy. The colors we see can be explained by applying the ideas of quantum mechanics to atomic structure. (credit: modification of work by NASA, ESA, and Josh Lake)

In this chapter, we use quantum mechanics to study the structure and properties of atoms. This study introduces ideas and concepts that are necessary to understand more complex systems, such as molecules, crystals, and metals. As we deepen our understanding of atoms, we build on things we already know, such as Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom, Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom, and de Broglie’s wave hypothesis.

CNX_UPhysics_41_00_EmissNeb is NGC1763, an emission nebula in the small galaxy known as the Large Magellanic Cloud, which is a satellite of the Milky Way Galaxy. Ultraviolet light from hot stars ionizes the hydrogen atoms in the nebula. As protons and electrons recombine, radiation of different frequencies is emitted. The details of this process can be correctly predicted by quantum mechanics and are examined in this chapter.

← The Quantum Tunneling of Particles through Potential BarriersThe Hydrogen Atom →

Attribution. University Physics Volume 3, OpenStax, Rice University, and the contributing authors credited in the book. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Source revision db44eb99e9 of openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle (2026-02-02). CC BY 4.0. Original source ↗. Text edition of a pinned CC BY 4.0 source revision of the OpenStax book, converted from CNXML by the EvidenceHelix importer. Original prose, learning objectives, tables, exercises, glossary and captions are preserved; images are not copied (figures link to the original source and keep their credits). No new content was added. Later revisions of this book can carry different licence terms and are not used.

In this chapter Contents

  • Introduction
  • The Hydrogen Atom
  • Orbital Magnetic Dipole Moment of the Electron
  • Electron Spin
  • The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table
  • Atomic Spectra and X-rays
  • Lasers

Source

OpenStax source file ↗

Illustrated original ↗

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