89 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE I.
Testudo elephantina, adult 3, nat. size (spec. c). Side view of head. PLATE II.
Testudo elephantina, adult ¢. Upper view of head. PLATE III.
Testudo elephantina 3, + nat. size (spec. a). PLATE IV.
Lower views of carapaces. Fig. A. Testudo elephantina ¢. Fig. B. Testudo daudinii ¢. PLATE V.
Testudo daudinit 3, % nat. size. PLATE VI.
Testudo ponderosa 2, $ nat. size. PLATE VII.
Testudo hololissa 3, } nat. size (from a specimen in the Royal College of Surgeons). PLATES VIII. & IX.
Fig. A. Skull of Testudo elephantina, nat. size (spec. n). Fig. B. Skull of Testudo ponderosa, nat. size. PLATE X.
Cervical vertebre of Testudo elephantina, nat. size (spec. c). Fig. A. Two views of atlas. Fig. B. Three views of second vertebra. Fig. C. Three views of third vertebra.
90 Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
HOD EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE XI.
Fifth cervical vertebra (nat. size) of :— . Testudo elephantina (spec. ¢). .Testudovosmeri.
PLATE XII.
Sixth cervical vertebra (nat. size) of :— .Lestudoelephantina. .Lestudovosmeri.
PEATE Xa . Seventh cervical vertebra (nat. size) of Testudo elephantina. . Seventh cervical vertebra (nat. size) of Testudo vosmeri. . Atlas of Testudo ponderosa. . Upper (D), lower (1D), and front (D”) views of ninth caudal vertebra of Testudo elephantina.
PLATE XIV.
. Eighth cervical vertebra of Testudo elephantina. . Eighth cervical vertebra of Testudo vosmeri. . Upper (C) and lower (C’), front (C”) and back (C’’) views of eighteenth caudal vertebraofTestudoelephantina. PLATE XY.
Caudal vertebra of Testudo elephantina. . Upper, lower, and side views of first. B:
'. Upper, lower, and side views of sixth. Upper, lower, and side views of fourth. PLATE XVI Humerus of Testudo elephantina (spec. ¢), front and back views. PLATE XVII.
Pelvis of Testudo elephantina, 4 nat. size (spec. c). Front, side, and upper views. PLATE XVIII.
Pelvis of Testudo ponderosa, nat. size. Front, side, and upper views. PLATE XIX.
Femur of Testudo elephantina, nat. size (spec. ¢), four views. a. Larger, 6. Lesser trochanter.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE XX.
Carapace of Testudo inepta, + nat. size. Fig. A. Side view. Fig. B. Dorsal view. Fig. C. Posterior view. Carapace of Testudo triserrata, from a specimen in Mr. Newton’s collection. Fig. D. Side view, restored from three fragments (% nat. size). Fig. E. Sternum (7 nat. size). PLATE XXI.
Testudo vosmert 3, 7 nat. size, partly restored. PLATE XXIT.
Testudo vosmeri 2 juv., 3 nat. size. PLATE XXIII.
Skulls (nat. size) of :— Fig. A. Testudo triserrata. Fig. B. Testudo inepta (Newton Collection). Fig. C. Testudo vosmert. PLATE XXIV.
Scapula (nat. size) of :— Fig. A. Testudo ponderosa. Fig. B. Testudo triserrata. Fig. C. Lestudo vosmert. PLATE XXV.
Humerus (nat. size) of :— Fig. A. Testudo triserrata: posterior view of spec. No. 39942. a Fig. B. Testudo inepta: posterior view of spec. No. 39943. Fig. C. Testudo vosmeri: posterior and anterior views. PLATE XXVI.
Pelvis: anterior view (nat. size) of :— Fig. A. Testudo triserrata 3: Newton Collection. Fig. B. Testudo inepta 3: spec. 75. 10. 20. 1. Fig. C. Testudo vosmeri. PLATE XXVII.
A. Upper view of pelvis of 7. inepta (75. 10. 20. 1). B. Upper view of pelvis of 7. vosmeri (76. 11. 1. 113). Fig. C. Front and end views of tibia of 7. triserrata or inepta (No. 39961). D. Front view of tibia of 7. vosmeri. N 2
92 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE XXVIII.
. Side view of pelvis of T. vosmeri. Side view of os ilium of 7’. inepta. Side view of os ilium of 7. triserrata (Newton Collection). . Radius of Testudo triserrata (No. 89950). . Radius of 7. vosmeri (76. 11. 1. 119). . Ulna. of 7. vosmen 3 (76. 11. 1.20). . Ulna of T. vosmeri 2 (76. 11. 1. 120). . Posterior and end views of fibula of 7. triserrata (No. 39962). All these figures are of the natural size. ee MOE DOW D> PLATE XXIX.
Femur (nat. size) of :— Fig. A. 7. triserrata (No. 39957). Fig. B. 7. leptocnemis (76. 11. 4. 11). Fig. C. 7. vosmeri (76. 11. 1. 116). PLATE XXX.
Fig. A. Three views of carapace of Testudo elephantopus [specimen in the Oxford Museum], ¢ nat. size.
Fig. B. Three views of carapace of Testudo nigrita, § nat. size. PLATE XXXI. & XXX 3:
Fig. A. Three views of Testudo vicina. Fig. B. Lower view of the carapace of Testudo ephippium. Fig. C. Three views of Testudo nigrita juv., from the typical specimen in the Collection of the Royal College of Surgeons. All these figures are % of the natural size. PLATE XXXII.
Testudo microphyes, adult 3. Side view of head, nat. size. PLATE XXXIII.
Testudo microphyes, adult ¢. Upper view of head, nat. size. PLATE XXXIV, Testudo microphyes, ad. 3, % nat. size. Lateral and upper views. PLATE XXXV.
Fig. A. Testudo microphyes, adult 3. Lower view, § nat. size. Fig. B. Testudo microphyes, adult ¢. Lower view, { nat. size.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 93 PLATE XXXVI.
Testudo microphyes, adult ¢. Lateral and upper views, + nat. size. PLATE XXXVII.
Testudo microphyes, adult ? (type). ‘Three views of carapace, } nat. size. PLATE XXXVIII.
Testudo microphyes, half-grown 3 (spec. c). Three views of carapace. PLATE XXXIX.
Testudo ephippiwm [from the typical specimen in the Museum of Science and Arts, Edinburgh], ¢ nat. size. PLATE XL.
Testudo abingdonii, adult 3. Lateral and front views, § nat. size. PLATE XLI.
Testudo abingdonii, adult g. Upper and lower views, ¢ nat. size. PLATE XLII.
Upper views, of the natural size, of the skulls of :— Fig. A. Testudo elephantopus &. Fig. B. Testudo microphyes ¢. Fig. C. Testudo ephippium 3. Fig. D. Testudo nigrita 3. a. Posterior margin of paroccipital. c. Tuberosity for the insertion of a portion of the temporal muscle. d. Groove separating the tuberosity from the zygomatic arch. PLATE XLIII.
Lateral views, of the natural size, of the skulls of :— Fig. A. Testudo elephantopus 3. Fig. B. Testudo microphyes @. Fig. C. Testudo ephippium ¢. Fig. D. Testudo nigrita g. e. Notch for the passage of the Kustachian tube.
94 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE XLIV.
Lower views, of the natural size, of the skulls of :— Fig. A. Testudo elephantopus g. Fig. B. Testudo microphyes 2. Fig. C. Testudo ephippium 8. Fig. D. Testudo nigrita 3.
a,c, d,e as in Plates XLII. & XLIITI. 6. Hollow in front of the occipital condyle. f. Outer pterygoid-edge.
PLATE XLV.
Figs. A-C. Skull of Zestudo microphyes 3. Lower and side views and articular surfaceofmandible.
Figs. D-F. Skull of Testudo abingdonii 8. Lower and side views and articular surfaceofmandible.
PLATE XLVI.
Fig. A. Upper and lateral views of the atlas of Testudo elephantopus. a. Centrum.
Fig. B. Upper and lateral views of the atlas of Testudo vicina (centrum lost). Fig. C. Three views of the fifth cervical vertebra of Testudo elephantopus. Fig. D. Three views of the sixth cervical vertebra of Testudo elephantopus. All the figures are of the natural size. PLATE XLVII.
Fig. A. Lateral view of the skull of Testudo wicina. Fig. B. Three views of the seventh cervical vertebra of Testudo elephantopus. a. Summit of neural crest.
b. Hollow behind the anterior zygapophyses. Fig. C. Three views of the seventh cervical vertebra of Testudo vicina. a. Bifurcate summit of the neural crest. All these figures are of the natural size. PLATE XLVIII.
Three views of the second (A), third (B), and fourth (C) cervical vertebree of Testudo abingdonii,nat.size.
PLATE XLIX.
Three views of the fifth (D) and sixth (E) cervical vertebre of Testudo abingdonit, nat. size.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 95 PLATE L.
Three views of the seventh (F), and five of the eighth (G) cervical vertebre of Testudo abingdonit,nat.size.
PLATE LI.
Fig. A. Front view of the humerus of Testudo elephantopus. Fig. A’. Back view of the same. Fig. B. Front view of the humerus of Testudo ephippium. Fig. B’. Back view of the same. a. Ulnar tuberosity.
b. Radial canal for blood-vessels. These figures are two thirds the natural size. PLATE LIL.
Three views, of two thirds the natural size, of the pelvis of Testudo elephantopus. Fig. A. Front view.
Fig. B. Side view.
Fig. C. Top view.
a. Symphysial bridge between the obturator-foramina. b. Lower portion of the pubic bones. ec. Styliform process of the pubic bones. d. Posterior part of the ossa ischii. PLATE LIII.
Figs. A, A’. Front and side views of the femur of Testudo elephantopus. Fig. A”. Top view of the same. a & b. The confluent larger and lesser trochanters. Fig. B. Top view of the femur of Testudo ephippium. a. Larger trochanter, separated by a wide groove from b.Lessertrochanter.
Fig. C. Scapulary of Testudo elephantopus. Fig. C’. Another view of the upper portion, to show the regular position of the coracoid and acromion.
Fig. D. Carpus of Testudo elephantopus. u. Ulna.
r. Radius. .
a. Coalesced scaphoid and os intermedium. 6. Coalesced two radial ossicles of distal carpal series. All these figures are two thirds the natural size.
96 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE LIV.
Fig. A. Top view of the pelvis of Testudo ephippium. Fig. B. Forearm of Testudo ephippiwm u. Ulna. yr. Radius.
Fig. C. Scapulary of Testudo vicina. Fig. C’. Another view of the upper portion, to show the relative positions of the coracoidandacromion.
Fig. D. Forearm of Testudo vicina. u. Ulna. yr. Radius.
(Plates XXXVII, XXXIX., XLIL-XLIV., and LI.-LIV. are reprinted, without alteration, from the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ of the Royal Society, vol. clxv. part 1.)