Definition and research guide
This page combines a MeSH definition, publication statistics and selected research abstracts. It is a starting point for reading the literature, not a medical textbook or a systematic evidence review.
Content available: 3 complete abstracts (611 words), 9 references. Full article text is not stored or reproduced here; follow the PMID, DOI or PMC links to read the original sources and their access terms.
Definition
Peptides that regulate the water-electrolyte balance in the body, also known as natriuretic peptide hormones. Several have been sequenced (atrial natriuretic factor; brain natriuretic peptide; c-type natriuretic peptide).
Definition: NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) scope note (Public domain (U.S. National Library of Medicine); attribution requested). View the MeSH record.
Also known as: Peptides, Natriuretic; Natriuretic Peptide; Peptide, Natriuretic; Natriuretic Peptide Hormones; Peptide Hormones, Natriuretic.
Where it fits in the MeSH classification
- Broader topics
- Peptide Hormones
- Narrower topics
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type
Related concepts
- Water-Electrolyte Balance
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor
- Brain Natriuretic Peptide
- C-Type Natriuretic Peptide
Research landscape
PubMed indexes 34,413 records tagged with the MeSH heading “Natriuretic Peptides” (counts retrieved 2026-10-31). 5,231 of them (15.2%) were published from 2020 onward, and the busiest period so far is 2010-2019 with 10,323 records.
Reviews account for 3,631 records (10.6%) and meta-analyses for 330. Randomized controlled trials number 2,118 (6.2%) as a share of all records on the topic.
Show the data
| Period | Records |
|---|---|
| through 1999 | 10,322 |
| 2000-2009 | 8,537 |
| 2010-2019 | 10,323 |
| 2020 onward | 5,231 |
Publication-type chart data
| Type | Records | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Reviews | 3,631 | 10.6% |
| Meta-analyses | 330 | 1.0% |
| Randomized controlled trials | 2,118 | 6.2% |
Method: PubMed query "Natriuretic Peptides"[MeSH Terms] with publication-type and date filters, retrieved 2026-10-31.
Reading the evidence in drugs and chemicals
Studies of a chemical or drug can answer very different questions: what it is and how it behaves in cells and animals, how the body handles it, and whether it changes outcomes in people. Laboratory and animal findings often do not carry over to patients, and observational studies of exposures are confounded by who uses a substance and why. Nothing on this page is a recommendation to use, avoid, start or stop any substance or medicine; talk to a qualified clinician or pharmacist about your own situation. Check the dose, the species, the comparison group and whether a patient-relevant outcome was measured.
Evidence from open-access studies
These open-access studies come from PubMed’s best-match results for this heading (papers whose main topic it is), ranked here by citation count, with one recent addition. Each abstract is reproduced in full under its recorded open licence so that you can read the authors’ own words. They illustrate the literature; they are not a systematic summary of it. Citation counts measure attention, not reliability or clinical benefit.
| Study / authors | Year | Source label / design | Europe PMC citations | Licence / source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Impact of Natriuretic Peptides on Heart Development, Homeostasis, and Disease | 2024 | Review article Design not recorded in structured metadata | 23 | cc by PMID 38891063 · DOI · PMC11172276 |
| In-hospital initiation of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition in acute heart failure: the PREMIER trial | 2024 | Randomized controlled trial Design not recorded in structured metadata | 19 | cc by PMID 39215531 · DOI · PMC11544311 |
| Single intramuscular injection of self-amplifying RNA of Nppa to treat myocardial infarction | 2026 | Research article Design not recorded in structured metadata | 14 | cc by PMID 41785353 · DOI · PMC13124201 |
The Impact of Natriuretic Peptides on Heart Development, Homeostasis, and Disease [1]
Abstract reading summary — source excerpts
- Opening excerpt
- During mammalian heart development, the clustered genes encoding peptide hormones, Natriuretic Peptide A (NPPA; ANP) and B (NPPB; BNP), are transcriptionally co-regulated and co-expressed predominately in the atrial and ventricular trabecular cardiomyocytes.
- Closing excerpt
- Here, we review recent insights into the regulation of expression and intracardiac functions of NPPA and NPPB during heart development, homeostasis, and disease.
- Interpretation limits
- Verbatim excerpts from the authors’ abstract; the closing excerpt may describe a finding, limitation or recommendation. Design, population, effect size and uncertainty have not been independently extracted or appraised. Read the complete abstract and linked paper before interpreting the findings.
Read complete abstract (218 words)
During mammalian heart development, the clustered genes encoding peptide hormones, Natriuretic Peptide A (NPPA; ANP) and B (NPPB; BNP), are transcriptionally co-regulated and co-expressed predominately in the atrial and ventricular trabecular cardiomyocytes. After birth, expression of NPPA and a natural antisense transcript NPPA-AS1 becomes restricted to the atrial cardiomyocytes. Both NPPA and NPPB are induced by cardiac stress and serve as markers for cardiovascular dysfunction or injury. NPPB gene products are extensively used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various cardiovascular disorders. Membrane-localized guanylyl cyclase receptors on many cell types throughout the body mediate the signaling of the natriuretic peptide ligands through the generation of intracellular cGMP, which interacts with and modulates the activity of cGMP-activated kinase and other enzymes and ion channels. The natriuretic peptide system plays a fundamental role in cardio-renal homeostasis, and its potent diuretic and vasodilatory effects provide compensatory mechanisms in cardiac pathophysiological conditions and heart failure. In addition, both peptides, but also CNP, have important intracardiac actions during heart development and homeostasis independent of the systemic functions. Exploration of the intracardiac functions may provide new leads for the therapeutic utility of natriuretic peptide-mediated signaling in heart diseases and rhythm disorders. Here, we review recent insights into the regulation of expression and intracardiac functions of NPPA and NPPB during heart development, homeostasis, and disease.
Abstract reproduced from the open-access article under the recorded cc by licence; © the authors. PMID 38891063 · DOI · PMC11172276
In-hospital initiation of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition in acute heart failure: the PREMIER trial [2]
Abstract reading summary — source excerpts
- Opening excerpt
- Background and aimsThe efficacy and safety of early sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) initiation after acute heart failure (AHF) has not been demonstrated outside North America.
- Closing excerpt
- gov (NCT05164653) and Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs021210046).
- Interpretation limits
- Verbatim excerpts from the authors’ abstract; the closing excerpt may describe a finding, limitation or recommendation. Design, population, effect size and uncertainty have not been independently extracted or appraised. Read the complete abstract and linked paper before interpreting the findings.
Read complete abstract (262 words)
Background and aimsThe efficacy and safety of early sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) initiation after acute heart failure (AHF) has not been demonstrated outside North America. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of in-hospital Sac/Val therapy initiation after an AHF episode on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level in Japanese patients.MethodsThis was an investigator-initiated, multicentre, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint pragmatic trial. After haemodynamic stabilization within 7 days after hospitalization, eligible inpatients were allocated to switch from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker to Sac/Val (Sac/Val group) or to continue angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (control group). The primary efficacy endpoint was the 8-week proportional change in geometric means of NT-proBNP levels.ResultsA total of 400 patients were equally randomized, and 376 (median age 75 years, 31.9% women, de novo heart failure rate 55.6%, and median left ventricular ejection fraction 37%) were analysed. The per cent changes in NT-proBNP level geometric means at Weeks 4/8 were -35%/-45% (Sac/Val group) and -18%/-32% (control group), and their group ratio (Sac/Val vs. control) was 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.68-0.94; P = .008) at Week 4 and 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.68-0.95; P = .012) at Week 8, respectively. In the pre-specified subgroup analyses, the effects of Sac/Val were confined to patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction ConclusionsIn-hospital Sac/Val therapy initiation in addition to contemporary recommended therapy triggered a greater NT-proBNP level reduction in Japanese patients hospitalized for AHF. These findings may expand the evidence on Sac/Val therapy in this clinical situation outside North America.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05164653) and Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs021210046).
Abstract reproduced from the open-access article under the recorded cc by licence; © the authors. PMID 39215531 · DOI · PMC11544311
Single intramuscular injection of self-amplifying RNA of Nppa to treat myocardial infarction [3]
Abstract reading summary — source excerpts
- Opening excerpt
- Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) enables sustained protein expression from a single administration.
- Closing excerpt
- Together, these results demonstrate that one-shot saNppa-LNP therapy offers durable cardioprotection, supporting the broader potential of saRNA-LNP-based approaches for cardiac therapy.
- Interpretation limits
- Verbatim excerpts from the authors’ abstract; the closing excerpt may describe a finding, limitation or recommendation. Design, population, effect size and uncertainty have not been independently extracted or appraised. Read the complete abstract and linked paper before interpreting the findings.
Read complete abstract (131 words)
Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) enables sustained protein expression from a single administration. In this study, we developed an intramuscular saRNA-lipid nanoparticle (saNppa-LNP) therapy encoding natriuretic peptide type A (Nppa) for cardioprotection. A single injection induced sustained pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) secretion for 4 weeks; pro-ANP was subsequently cleaved by the cardiac protease corin into active ANP, producing robust cardioprotection in mouse and swine myocardial infarction models. At equivalent doses, saNppa achieved greater efficacy than conventional mRNA. Single-nucleus transcriptomics identified natriuretic peptide receptor 1-positive (Npr1+) endothelial and epicardial cells as primary effectors, with saNppa-LNPs reshaping their paracrine profile to promote cardiomyocyte regeneration and suppress fibrosis. Longitudinal biosafety assessments revealed no systemic toxicity. Together, these results demonstrate that one-shot saNppa-LNP therapy offers durable cardioprotection, supporting the broader potential of saRNA-LNP-based approaches for cardiac therapy.
Abstract reproduced from the open-access article under the recorded cc by licence; © the authors. PMID 41785353 · DOI · PMC13124201
Key reviews and meta-analyses
The most cited review-type papers among PubMed’s best-match results for this heading, listed with bibliographic details only. Follow the links for the full text and access terms.
- Research article Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology practical guidance on the use of natriuretic peptide concentrations [4]
- Research article Cardiac natriuretic peptides [5]
- Research article B-type natriuretic peptides and cardiovascular risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 prospective studies [6]
- Research article BNP and NT-proBNP as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Cardiac Dysfunction in Both Clinical and Forensic Medicine [7]
- Research article The diagnostic accuracy of the natriuretic peptides in heart failure: systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis in the acute care setting [8]
- Research article The prognostic value of pre-operative and post-operative B-type natriuretic peptides in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis [9]
References
- Giovou AE, Gladka MM, Christoffels VM. The Impact of Natriuretic Peptides on Heart Development, Homeostasis, and Disease. . 2024. PMID 38891063 · DOI · PMC11172276
- Tanaka A, Kida K, Matsue Y, Imai T, Suwa S, Taguchi I, et al.. In-hospital initiation of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition in acute heart failure: the PREMIER trial. . 2024. PMID 39215531 · DOI · PMC11544311
- Zhang K, Tao H, Zhu D, Yue Z, Hu S, Wu Y, et al.. Single intramuscular injection of self-amplifying RNA of Nppa to treat myocardial infarction. . 2026. PMID 41785353 · DOI · PMC13124201
- Mueller C, McDonald K, de Boer RA, Maisel A, Cleland JGF, Kozhuharov N, et al.. Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology practical guidance on the use of natriuretic peptide concentrations. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019. PMID 31222929 · DOI
- Goetze JP, Bruneau BG, Ramos HR, Ogawa T, de Bold MK, de Bold AJ. Cardiac natriuretic peptides. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020. PMID 32444692 · DOI
- Di Angelantonio E, Chowdhury R, Sarwar N, Ray KK, Gobin R, Saleheen D, et al.. B-type natriuretic peptides and cardiovascular risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 prospective studies. Circulation. 2009. PMID 19917883 · DOI
- Cao Z, Jia Y, Zhu B. BNP and NT-proBNP as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Cardiac Dysfunction in Both Clinical and Forensic Medicine. Int J Mol Sci. 2019. PMID 31013779 · DOI · PMC6515513
- Roberts E, Ludman AJ, Dworzynski K, Al-Mohammad A, Cowie MR, McMurray JJ, et al.. The diagnostic accuracy of the natriuretic peptides in heart failure: systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis in the acute care setting. BMJ. 2015. PMID 25740799 · DOI · PMC4353288
- Rodseth RN, Biccard BM, Le Manach Y, Sessler DI, Lurati Buse GA, Thabane L, et al.. The prognostic value of pre-operative and post-operative B-type natriuretic peptides in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014. PMID 24076282 · DOI
About this article
- Sources
- NLM Medical Subject Headings (definition, synonyms); NCBI PubMed (counts, identifiers); Europe PMC (open-access abstracts and citation counts).
- Verification
- Every reference was resolved against PubMed on 2026-10-31; title, year and DOI matched.
- Review state
- automated source verified; no human expert review has been recorded yet.
- Version
- 1, last updated 2026-10-31.
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Evidence strength
EvidenceHelix's computed view of the study designs behind this topic: how common meta-analyses, randomized trials and reviews are, how recent the literature is, and a plain-language reading. It describes the design mix of the literature. It is not a quality appraisal of any study, and it is not medical advice.